भारत विविधताओं का देश है। यहां न केवल भौतिक विविधता पाई जाती है अपितु सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक व आर्थिक विविधता पाई जाती है। भौतिक विविधता में भारत में उŸार में महान हिमालय पर्वत, दक्षिण में प्रायद्वीप पठार तथा गंगा-ब्रह्मपुत्र के मैदान पाये जाते हैं और इसके अलावा भारत मंे जलवायु विविधता भी पाई जाती है। इन भौतिक विविधताओं के आधार पर व सांस्कृतिक, आर्थिक व जनांकिकीय विविधताएं उत्पन्न होती है। अतः भारत के अलग-अलग प्रदेशों व राज्यों में अलग-अलग सामाजिक आर्थिक व जनांकिकीय विशेषताएं पाई जाती हैं। जनसंख्य

In the era of big data, generated data creates ample scope for both the customers and the business organizations. As organizations are supported by enormous data in every application domain, there is a scope for extracting knowledge from the data. Customers are in need of taking smarter decisions from the list of many choices available to them. The world is moving from the era of search to the era of discovery. If the customer does not know how to ask for the product while purchasing but finds t

Sepsis is a real-life threat for humanity as it is one of the serious problems among the medical field. It is a lifethreateningcondition and increases with the severity without detection. As per WHO, it kills more than 6 million people a year. The report says that every year 3 million newborns and1.2 million children suffer from sepsis globally. Due to the resistant pathogens, death rate for neonatal sepsis is estimated as three out of every ten deaths. Maternal sepsis cause deaths associated wi

कला किसी भी संस्कृति की वाहिका होती है | किसी भी देश की संस्कृति को जानने और पहचानने के लिए उनकी कला एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है | किसी भी देश या क्षेत्र के यदि इतिहास को जानना हो तो उसकी कला से उसे जाना जा सकता है | कलाये किसी भी देश या क्षेत्र के इतिहास, उसके धर्म , परम्पराओ तथा रीतिरिवाज़ों को जानने का मौका देती है | कलाये कई रूपों में पाई जाती जैसे चित्रकला,वास्तु कला, नाट्यकला, काव्य कला , संगीत कला आदि| भारत में विभिन्न प्रकार की कलाये पाई जाती है | भारत की चित्रकला देश ही नहीं पूरी दुन

सूरजकुंड मेला भारतीय सांस्कृतिक विरासत को अपने में संजोये हुए है । भारतीय शिल्पकला को एक नया जीवन दान देने में सूरजकुंड मेले ने अपना अहम् योगदान दिया है । सूरजकुंड अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मेला भारत में ही नहीं बल्कि पुरे विश्व में अपनी सांस्कृतिक विरासत के लिए जाना जाता हैं। यह मेला प्रतिवर्ष फरवरी माह में 1 तारीख से 15 तारीख से बीच हरियाणा पर्यटन मंत्रालय के और से आयोजित करवाया जाता हैं। इस मेले में भारत के ही नहीं अपितु दुनिआ के अनेको देशो से कलाकार और शिल्पकार आते है जो अपनी लोक कलाओ तथा अपनी हस्त कला

This comprehensive article delves into the intricate layers of socioeconomic reflections embedded within Bollywood cinema, using the historical epic "Mangal Pandey: The Rising" as a critical lens. Through an exhaustive exploration of the film's narrative, characters, thematic motifs, and historical accuracy, this article unveils the profound and enduring impact of colonialism on India's socioeconomic fabric. By delving into the depiction of British imperialism, indigenous resistance, and the mul

The impact of social media on physical health is a complex and multifaceted issue. There is evidence to suggest that social media can have both positive and negative effects on physical health, depending on how it is used. In 2004, Mark Zuckerberg launched Facebook. Facebook quickly became the most popular social media platform in the world. It offered a variety of features that were not available on other platforms, such as chat, groups, and events. Facebook also made it easy for users to share

ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि के क्रमिक विकास के अनुशीलन के लिए हमें प्रसाद जी के नाटकों पर विचार करना आवश्यक है। प्रसाद जी उत्तर वैदिक काल के अन्तर्गत हरिश्चन्द्र के इतिहास की उस तह में गये हैं जहाँं मोह, पुत्र अधिकार को रहित और पुनः शेष के द्वारा, प्रस्तुत किया है। पुनः शेष और विश्वामित्र के संबंधों पर प्रकाश डाला गया है। महाभारत की घटना में भी इतिहास के साथ-साथ उस संस्कारित पृष्ठभूमि को प्रस्तुत किया है और भारतीय जातीय एकता भी युधिष्ठिर के द्वारा प्रकट हुई जिसमें उन्होंने कहा है कि दूसरों के संघर्ष के ल

बीते महीने भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक ने पंजाब और महाराष्ट्र सहकारी बैंक (Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative Bank-PMC Bank) पर कार्यवाही करते हुए उसे अगले 6 महीनों तक किसी भी प्रकार का कार्य न करने का आदेश दिया था। साथ ही RBI ने PMC बैंक के ग्राहकों के लिये पैसे निकालने की सीमा भी निर्धारित कर दी थी। उल्लेखनीय है कि PMC बैंक देश में सबसे बड़े शहरी सहकारी बैंकों में से एक है, जिसकी कुल जमा 11,617 करोड़ रुपए से भी अधिक है। देश का इतना बड़ा सहकारी बैंक जिस प्रकार संकट का सामना कर रहा है वह देश की सहकारी बैंकि

This research paper delves into the challenges and preservation efforts surrounding ephemeral floor art, a traditional practice rooted in cultural and religious contexts. Urbanization, changing lifestyles, and limited access to traditional materials pose threats to this art form's continuation. The study explores how innovation, technology, awareness, and intergenerational transmission play roles in safeguarding ephemeral floor art. Case studies illustrate how communities are adapting the practi

Asthma prevalence is currently rising sharply as a result of population growth, rising environmental pollutants, and changing lifestyles. As a result, the goal of this study was to locate Tehran, Iran's asthmatic areas by taking both environmental and geographic aspects into account. Data from 872 locations in children who have asthma and 13 ecologic factors that affect illnesses (distance to play areas and roadways, weather patterns, itemperature, ihumidity, iairipressure, iwindispeed, particul

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on various aspects of society, including entertainment consumption patterns. With people confined to their homes due to lockdowns and restrictions, there has been a noticeable surge in the subscription rates of Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms, particularly mobile apps, offering a wide range of content. This research paper aims to analyse the factors contributing to the increase in subscription rates of OTT platforms during the pandemic and examine th

The transition to 4G networks marks a significant milestone in the evolution of wireless communications, introducing heightened expectations for mobile connectivity. Building on the digital wireless revolution that made mobile phones ubiquitous, 4G networks promise to deliver higher speeds and improved packet delivery, paving the way for seamless access to high-quality multimedia content. The linchpin of this enhanced service delivery lies in the development of a novel air interface. In this con

India has reformed its colonial-era criminal laws by introducing new criminal laws i.e., Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, the Bharatiya Nagrik Surksha Sanhita 2023 and the Bharatiya Sakshya Bill-2023. The new laws aim to deliver justice rather than punishment, uphold the Indian ethos and values, and tackle the modern challenges and threats to the nation’s peace and security. The new laws also create new offences and penalties for crimes such as terrorism, corruption, mob lynching, and organized cri

Administration is a process of systematically arranging and co-ordinating the human and material resources available to any organization for the main purpose of achieving stipulated goals of that organization. When applied to the school system, the process is referred to as Educational Administration or School Administration. Administration is a term used to refer more to Government business. Administration occurs in every organization. The basic aim of administration is the need to get things d

A good academic achievement by students despite adversity in education is termed academic resilience. Academic resilience indicates the students’ performance with their personality and academic situations. The present study focused on investigating the role of academic resilience between urban and rural senior secondary students of Haryana state. A sample of 642 senior secondary students was selected for the study through the survey method from four divisions of the Haryana state and was collec

भारत एक कृषि प्रधान देश है। देश की अर्थव्यवस्था का प्रमुख आधार कृषि है। राजस्थान राज्य भी कृषि ने अपना महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान रखता है। राज्य की 60 से 65 प्रतिशत जनसंख्या कृषि व कृषि आधारित उदधीयो मे सलग्न है। क्षेत्रफल की दृष्टि से देश का सबसे बड़ा राज्य होने के पश्चात मी, विभिन्न जलवायु दशाओं के करना राज्य कृषि उत्पादन में पिछड़ा हुआ है। राज्य हल हनुमानगढ़ जिला भी कृषि क्रियाकलापों के कारण अपना महत्वपूर्ण स्थान रखता है। कृषि क्रियाकलापो ने जिले की आधुनिकरण के साथ-साथ आर्थिक व्यवस्था पर पूर्ण प्रभाव ड

This paper examines the themes of environmental ethics and ecological consciousness in Amitav Ghosh's novel "The Hungry Tide." Through a close analysis of the text, the paper explores how Ghosh portrays the complex relationship between humans and the natural world in the Sundarbans, a unique and fragile ecosystem in India and Bangladesh.

Organic blockers have their place, however UV blockers like TiO2 and ZnO have a number of advantages over organic blockers, including nontoxicity and chemical stability. 16 Infusing textile substrates with other nanoparticles, such as nanosilver, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and others, has also been shown to have antimicrobial capabilities. The ultraviolet spectrum between 300 and 400 nanometers, which is mostly comprised of the UV A area and the UV B region, is where nanoparticles of ZnO and

The state of the economy on a worldwide scale has undergone a change. All types of companies have transitioned into information-based organisations as a direct result of the widespread usage of the internet. The emergence of e-commerce has resulted in massive economic disruption that has permeated every area of the economy. This is mostly attributable to the exponential rise of technology. The introduction of the Internet brought about a significant expansion in the scope of opportunities availa

India implemented the ground breaking Goods and Services Tax (GST) to unify the nation's indirect taxation framework. This study uses a mixed-methods strategy to collect customer experiences by using a quantitative questionnaire and qualitative interviews. In-depth interviews with customers across a range of income brackets and demographics are conducted during the qualitative phase to get insight into their opinions, worries, and experiences about the GST and its impact on the costs, accessibil

One is able to maximise the use of the bandwidth that is made available by the optical fibre since it is feasible to multiplex onto a single optical fibre a number of channels that operate at different wavelengths. This allows for maximum utilisation of the capacity. This kind of transmission is referred to as wavelength-division multiplexing, or WDM for short. The acronym stands for "wavelength-division multiplexing." On the other hand, long-haul WDM systems have issues due to the fact that the

Future sun based cell applications require ferroelectric materials with low bandgap energies, high polarization, low misfortune, and warm dependability. Analysts have attempted numerous strategies to get such materials. This work presents a special gamma beam irradiation technique. The underlying, optical, and ferroelectric properties of lanthanum zirconate (lzo) were analyzed after gamma radiation. X-beam diffraction, underlying refinement, and Raman examination showed tetragonal perovskite st

This article starts off by giving a brief induction to the fundamentals of ferromagnetism, which includes a discussion of issues such as the beginnings of magnetism and anisotropy, domains and domain barriers, as well as the mechanisms that allow magnetization to reverse in magnetic materials. In addition to this, it is discussed how the microstructural qualities of hard magnets correspond with their magnetic properties, which is a correlation that is well known and well accepted. Ferromagnetism

Another challenge of research in traditional medicinal practice is the lack of consistency and clarity in the terminology used by the authors to describe various beliefs and practices. Often the term traditional medicine is loosely applied to a variety of diverse activities that are not uniformly acknowledged among indigenous practitioners and their clients. It is useful exercise to discuss the variety of definitions that traditional medicine is, or is not accorded the latter being the case in m

Compounds that are currently grouped together under the heading of mesoionic have been recognized for longer than a century. Since that time, numerous developments and modifications have been made, not only to the concept of mesoionic compounds, but also to the procedures that are utilized to manufacture them. Definitions of mesoionic compounds that are broadly analogous were proposed by OUis, Ramsden, and Potts in response to an important essay written by Schonberg, Baker, and Ollis. They eithe

The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between human and robot in our society. Human robot interaction is a multidisciplinary area of research interaction. It is a multidisciplinary research comprising of the technological abilities of robots. The design of robot embodiment and geographical studies and lab based research who are human participants with robots in a controlled environment. Therefore the discipline involved with human robot interaction or computer science are H

The most precious natural resource on Earth is water. Water makes up 71% of the earth's surface, and life as we know it would not exist otherwise. Pollution of the valuable water resources, however, is a prevalent and complex issue that the modern society is now dealing with. Man-made (synthetic) organic compound pollution of the environment has grown to be a serious issue and is becoming worse every day as a result of growing urbanisation and industry (Ghisalba, 1983). As a result, several haza

Water is indispensable and one of the precious natural resources of this planet .Natural aquatic systems like Lakes, Rivers, Lagoons and Oceans form well balanced ecosystem with ambient Physico-chemical conditions forming an environment on which biotic system develops. Analysis of water quality in natural water bodies is necessary in order to determine its suitability for various aquatic creatures including Fish population. The quality of water may be described according to its Physico-chemical

People in India are becoming more open and vocal about their experiences in the digital sphere, providing a marketing opportunity. Higher education institutions' efforts to promote their brands in today's dynamic digital world benefit greatly from creative marketing tactics and cutting-edge digital best practices. This research will detail how post-graduate schools may make use of social media advertisements. Social media and social networking sites (SNSs) are now considered to be an integral p

For millennia, people have studied, explained, and experienced the intricacies of the human mind and life via the practise of yoga, one of the six pillars of Indian philosophy. The Patanjali Yoga Sutras describe a subtle style of living that promotes peace and moderation. The theory of Karma Yoga (the path of detached action), Jnana Yoga (self-knowledge), Bhakti Yoga (faith in the highest order), and Raja Yoga (asana, pranayama, meditation, etc.) are all included in the yoga way of life. The m

Gautama Buddha imparted profound teachings on consciousness and meditation that continue to inspire seekers of inner peace and enlightenment. His core teaching revolves around understanding the nature of human consciousness and the path to liberate it from suffering. Central to Buddha's doctrine is the concept of "Vijnana" or consciousness, emphasizing the impermanent and interdependent nature of all mental and sensory experiences. He taught that recognizing the transitory and interconnected asp

Domestic Violence is a pertinent and a delicate theme to explore today. There are various difficulties found while managing it. Scientists face a many difficulties in managing such subjects. Ethical issue in this setting is that of how to recognize and gauge this brutality. Here this paper means to talk about , bring issues to light and toss light to a portion of the primary strategic and moral difficulties connected with aggressive behavior at home exploration. This populace based concentrate

E-commerce, or conducting business electronically and online, is the abbreviation for electronic commerce. E-commerce has fundamentally altered the traditional understanding of business. E-commerce pertains to the exchange of products and services between buyers and sellers via computer networks and the internet. As a result, the objective of this study was to comprehend the development and growth of e-commerce in India, as well as the prevailing trends in the industry. This study employs a qual

The micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) sector is now playing a crucial part in India's economic growth. A driver for socio-economic development of the country, the sector is crucial in accomplishing the national goals of producing employment, alleviating poverty, and preventing rural-urban migration. These businesses not only encourage the use of local technology, but also contribute to the development of a flourishing entrepreneurial eco-system. The industry has also showed sustai

This study presents a revolutionary one-pot Palladium Quantum Dot (PdQD) production process with disruptive potential and broad applicability. The method's simplicity, room-temperature operation, and lack of harsh chemicals make it easy to implement without specific equipment. A sigmoidal curve in absorption-based time scan spectra shows monodispersed PdQDs with autocatalytic development, validating the synthesis. Due to their tiny size and homogeneity, PdQDs are excellent catalysts for the room

High-quality state development relies on resolving crucial issues including how to best allocate resources to maximise input and output efficiency. Both Maharashtra and Gujarat have seen significant economic expansion in recent years. In particular, agricultural have contributed significantly to the worldwide sustainable development of agriculture thanks to their unique disciplinary qualities and great professional benefits. In contrast, there is less scholarly investigation into how well agricu

Libraries have evolved beyond their traditional roles, becoming vibrant hubs of community engagement. This paper delves into the study of successful community engagement initiatives undertaken by libraries and their profound impact on local communities. Through a comprehensive review of literature, case studies, and qualitative analysis, this research aims to highlight the strategies employed by libraries, assess their effectiveness, and analyze the resultant impact on the communities they serv

Many academics, managers, and lawmakers have taken an interest in studying the effects of media advertising on consumers, specifically how these ads influence media buying. This miracle is still in its infancy in many countries due to its baffling character, thus it deserves further attention. The primary objective of this research is to determine, via the use of advanced statistical techniques (AST), what variables in Nagpur, India, lead young people to engage in media shopping. Using a stratif

The study entitles consists of Investor Awareness of Stock Markets in Stock Broking Firm. The objective is to study the impact of the investors’ awareness in the Stock Markets. To study the influence of stock and investment strategies in Zero Brokerage Bidar. To study the influence of demographic profile on investors awareness on stock market in Zero Brokerage Bidar. Primary data is collected from structured Questionnaire with 100 respondents. Descriptive Research Design is used in this study. P

प्रस्तुत शोध अध्ययन में उच्चतर माध्यमिक स्तर पर विद्यार्थियों के सृजनात्मक विकास का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन किया गया है। इस अध्ययन में सर्वेक्षण विधि का प्रयोग किया गया है। न्यादर्श हेतु बाराबंकी जिले के शहरी व ग्रामीण क्षेत्र के सरकारी विद्यालय के 200 विद्यार्थियों का चयन किया। अध्ययन के परिणाम में यह पाया कि उच्चतर माध्यमिक स्तर पर शहरी व ग्रामीण क्षेत्र के सरकारी विद्यालय के विद्यार्थियों के सृजनात्मक विकास में सार्थक अंतर है तथा उच्चतर माध्यमिक स्तर पर शहरी एवं ग्रामीण क्षेत्र के सरकारी विद्याल

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन में माध्यमिक स्तर पर विद्यार्थियों के समायोजन का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन किया गया है। अध्ययन में न्यादर्ष के रूप में कानपुर जनपद के 400 विद्यार्थियों को सम्मिलित किया गया है जिनमें 200 सामान्य व 200 प्रतिभाषाली हैं। प्रमापीकृत समायोजन मापनी के उपयोग से आंकड़ों को एकत्रित किया तथा उनका सांख्यिकीय विश्लेषण मध्यमान, मानक विचलन, व टी-परीक्षण के द्वारा किया गया। निष्कर्ष में पाया गया कि माध्यमिक स्तर पर अध्ययनरत सामान्य एवं प्रतिभाषाली विद्यार्थियों के समायोजन में सार्थक अंतर नहीं है। माध्यम

COPD is a preventable and treatable illness state described via airflow constraint that isn't completely reversible. The airflow limitation is generally moderate and is related with an unusual provocative reaction of the Lungs to poisonous particles of gases, fundamentally brought about by cigarette smoking. COPD is made by long haul openness aggravating gases or particulate matter, most frequently from tobacco smoke. Individuals with COPD are at expanded chance of creating coronary illness, ce

इस में मुख्य विषय भारतीय कला और वास्तुकला, विशेष रूप से मूर्तियों के प्रति ब्रिटिश प्रशासकों और सर्वेक्षणकर्ताओं का रवैया और विभिन्न दृष्टिकोण हैं जिनसे इस विषय पर विचार किया गया है। इसके लिए, उन्नीसवीं सदी की अवधि महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि प्रमुख पुरातात्त्विक प्रथाएं जो बाद में पुरातात्विक जांच और उत्खनन में विकसित हुईं, इसी दौरान शुरू हुईं। मैं न केवल इस बात की जांच करूंगा कि ब्रिटिशों द्वारा 'स्थलों की फिर से खोज' करके स्थलों का धार्मिक इतिहास कैसे बनाया जा रहा था, बल्कि धार्मिक प्रतीकों पर उनके

इस अध्ययन का उद्देष्य महात्मा गांधी उच्च प्राथमिक विद्यालयों में विद्यार्थियों के सम्मुख आने वाली समस्याओं का अध्ययन करना एवं समस्याओं के लिए समाधान प्रस्तुत करना था। प्रस्तुत षोध अध्ययन में वर्णनात्मक सर्वेक्षण विधि का प्रयोग किया गया है। उद्धेष्यपरक विधि का अनुसरण करते हुए प्रस्तुत षोध अध्ययन में न्यादर्ष के लिए राजस्थान राज्य के बूंदी जिले के महात्मा गांधी अंग्रेजी माध्यम विद्यालय के 400 विद्यार्थियों का चयन किया गया है। प्रस्तुत षोध अध्ययन में स्वनिर्मित प्रष्नावली एवं साक्षात्कार अनुसू

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देष्य दिव्यांग विद्यार्थियों के उन्नयन हेतु सरकार द्वारा चलाई जा रही योजनाओं के प्रति विषिष्ट बी.एड. प्रषिक्षणार्थियों की जागरूकता का अध्ययन करना था। इस हेतु सर्वेक्षण विधि का प्रयोग किया गया। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन में कोटा संभाग के विषिष्ट षिक्षक षिक्षा कार्यक्रम में अध्ययनरत् 400 विषिष्ट बी.एड. प्रषिक्षणार्थियों को अध्ययन के न्यादर्ष के रूप में चयनित किया गया। शोध उपकरण के लिए स्वनिर्मित जागरूकता मापनी का निर्माण किया गया। प्रदत्तों को विष्लेषित करने के लिए मध्यमान, प्रमाप विचल

The number of invasive procedures performed recently, the rise in immunocompromised cases, and the increasing trends in S. aureus strains' resistance to antibiotics have all contributed to a significant increase in the complications associated with Staph aureus infections. Despite the existing data, S. aureus-related diseases are not high on the public health agenda in Kenya and other developing nations when it comes to antibiotics and formulating strategies for control programs compared to weal

Qualitative and mixed methods play a prominent role in mental health services research. However, the standards for their use are not always evident, especially for those not trained in such methods. This paper reviews the rationale and common approaches to using qualitative and mixed methods in mental health services and implementation research based on a review of the papers included in this special series along with representative examples from the literature. Qualitative methods are used to

Immunization has become a vital part of public health and disease prevention, and yet, it remains a controversial topic in our society today. Immunization has contributed to increased life expectancy and improved quality of life. The first vaccine is credited to Edward Jenner, who in 1796 inoculated a 13-year-old boy with the virus responsible for cowpox, and he demonstrated immunity to smallpox. The first smallpox vaccine was created in 1798 using that premise. The first milestone this action p

Everyday life is enriched by folk literature, which has a profound impact on both literature and culture. The influence of traditional literature and culture on contemporary literature is enormous, despite the fact that it is localised. Manoj Das adheres to the narrative patterns typical of Odisha folk stories and concentrates primarily on those tales.

In the 21st century, literature is responding with urgency to the ecological crises emerging from rapid urbanization, climate change, and environmental injustice. Indian English novels have evolved to express not only a consciousness of these environmental challenges but also to frame narratives of resistance. This research paper critically examines how contemporary Indian English novelists construct "ecologies of resistance"—literary spaces where characters, landscapes, and communities challenge environmental exploitation and advocate for sustainable futures. Through the analysis of selected works by Meena Kandasamy, Avni Doshi, Perumal Murugan, Janice Pariat, and Kiran Manral, this paper explores the representation of environmental consciousness, with a focus on gender, caste, and indigenous voices. This study is grounded in ecocritical, postcolonial, and eco-feminist frameworks, and contributes to the discourse of literature as environmental advocacy.

Bullying has become a pervasive issue in schools, particularly affecting the mental health of adolescents. This study explores the mental health interventions available for victims of bullying in schools within Kaithal, Haryana, India. Through a mixed-methods approach, the research examines the prevalence of bullying, its psychological impact on victims, and the effectiveness of existing mental health interventions in Kaithal schools. Surveys of 500 students, as well as interviews with teachers, parents, and school counselors, reveal that approximately 45% of students have experienced bullying, with victims displaying significant symptoms of anxiety and depression. The study identifies a lack of adequate mental health resources in schools, such as trained counselors and support systems. The role of teachers and parents is critical in mitigating the psychological effects of bullying; however, many remain untrained in providing mental health support. Based on the findings, this paper recommends comprehensive mental health programs, including hiring full-time counselors, implementing peer support systems, conducting regular mental health workshops, and increasing parental involvement. These interventions are essential for reducing the psychological harm caused by bullying and fostering a safer, more supportive school environment for adolescents in Kaithal.

Globalization, technical progress, and the increasing significance of English as a worldwide medium of communication have all contributed to the rise of English language study as an integral part of contemporary education. Problems that students have when trying to learn English are the focus of this research. Data was gathered from 130 students using a structured questionnaire in a descriptive and analytical study style. According to the average scores, female students (M = 3.078, SD = 0.891) seem to have a little more trouble than male students (M = 2.948, SD = 1.021), although this difference isn't statistically significant (t = -1.382, p = 0.169). These findings highlight the need of better learning methods, efficient teaching tools, and student engagement tactics to increase ESL students' proficiency.

कोविड-19 महामारी ने वैश्विक शिक्षा प्रणाली में अभूतपूर्व बदलाव लाए हैं। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य महामारी के दौरान डिजिटल शिक्षण प्रणाली के प्रभावों का विश्लेषण करना है। शोध में डिजिटल शिक्षण के लाभ, चुनौतियाँ और तकनीकी बाधाओं का मूल्यांकन किया गया है। परिणाम बताते हैं कि डिजिटल शिक्षण ने शिक्षा के स्वरूप को नया रूप दिया है, लेकिन डिजिटल विभाजन और संसाधनों की कमी अभी भी बड़ी चुनौती है। अध्ययन में सुझाव दिए गए हैं कि भविष्य में डिजिटल शिक्षा को अधिक प्रभावी और समावेशी बनाने के लिए कदम उठाए जाएं।

21वीं सदी में वैश्वीकरण, अंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्थाओं, और तकनीकी विकास के प्रभाव ने राज्य संप्रभुता की अवधारणा को चुनौती दी है। इस शोध का उद्देश्य यह विश्लेषण करना है कि राज्य संप्रभुता आज के वैश्विक परिप्रेक्ष्य में कितनी प्रासंगिक है। विशेष रूप से, भारत, यूरोपीय संघ और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के उदाहरणों का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन किया गया है ताकि यह समझा जा सके कि इन देशों ने अपने संप्रभु अधिकारों को किस प्रकार वैश्विक दबावों के बीच बचाया है। यह अध्ययन यह निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि संप्रभुता अब एक संदर्भिक और लचीली अवधारणा बन चुकी है, जो राष्ट्रों को वैश्विक जिम्मेदारियों और राष्ट्रीय अधिकारों के बीच संतुलन बनाए रखने की दिशा में उन्मुख करती है।

Art-inspired fashion collections represent a growing intersection between visual arts and clothing design, blurring the lines between wearable art and commercial fashion. This study explores consumer perceptions toward such collections, analyzing whether they are viewed as fleeting trends or signify a deeper transformation in fashion consumption, aesthetic appreciation, and cultural expression. Using a mixed-method approach involving surveys and interviews, the research investigates purchasing behavior, brand loyalty, artistic literacy, and sustainability concerns among fashion consumers.

The present research paper explores the subtle shades of social realism in the chosen novels of Khushwant Singh which are Train to Pakistan, Delhi, I Shall Not Hear the Nightingale, The Company of Women, and The Sunset Club. Singh is one of the most recognizable authors of Indian English literature who makes use of an unsophisticated journalistic narrative style to address the harsh realities of Indian society, such as Partition trauma, religious intolerance, gender roles, moral decay and the alienation of the marginalized groups. His characters, who are members of different classes of society, villagers, sex workers, old companions, political rebels, are used to point out the flaws of the system, contradictions of the culture, and the everyday battles of the common people. The study takes on historic, analytical, explorative and comparative methods to track the progress of the realist vision of Singh in the diverse socio-political contexts thereby enabling the reader to have an interesting critique of the personal and national identity. With irony, satire and raw emotionalism Singh goes beyond conventional storytelling to provide a literature that is a mirror of the Indian society as well as a critique of the evils of Indian society.

This analytical work examines the constantly shifting nature of equality by focusing on the conceptual roots, structural realities, and legal and institutional mechanisms designed to uphold equality. The study critically examines the key theoretical frameworks, considerations, in regards to equality, from notions of formal and substantive equality, to Rawls’ theory of justice, to Amartya Sen’s capability approach, and how each framework moves us closer to understanding fairness and justice in rapid changing contexts. The study examines the multidimensional character of equality in legal, political, social, and his/her/ their own domains, and the ways in which these domains interact and influence one another. By examining pressing issues such as, caste exclusion, gender inequities, economic inequalities, and political underrepresentation, the study reveals that the formal legal guarantees often do not translate into actual empowerment, especially regarding marginalized populations. The important role of intersectionality is examined as a critical manner of approaching overlapping disadvantages faced by those on the margins of the margins. In examining both the nation state and global standards, the study makes an argument for a rights based, inclusive, intersectional, approach to equality, and not simply symbolic assurances toward meaningful participation, justice, and social transformation.

The present paper is a critical review of the Gorkhaland movement as a form of ethnonationalism in the Indian federal and multicultural system. It follows the historical antecedents of the movement, which started in 1907, and examines the way the Indian Gorkha community, through the decades has been asking its representation in the form of a separate state and over time has migrated over phases of political advocacy, administrative dialogue and even a cultural assertion. Based on the theoretical literature of such authors as Anthony D. Smith, Benedict Anderson, Walker Connor, the paper puts the movement in the context of the broader ethnic identity, vision of community, and ethnic self-determination discourse. The study examines the major causes of the movement, e.g. cultural marginalization, economic neglect, political exclusion, and citizenship insecurity, as well as it analyses the effects of the change of political leadership and alliances. Even after giving Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (DGHC) and Gorkhaland Territorial Administration (GTA) as an intervention, the movement has not been curbed and that is because there are felt to be deficiencies in autonomy and representation. The paper draws attention to the shortcomings of the present federal arrangement of India in meeting the demands of sub-nationalism and presents the case of a more democratic and decentralized system of governance that is tolerant of cultural differences without impairing national unity. In this view, the Gorkhaland movement becomes not just a political agitation of statehood; it becomes very much a notion of identity, a desire of dignity and democratic inclusion.

वर्तमान समय में युवा वर्ग विभिन्न सामाजिक, शैक्षणिक एवं व्यक्तिगत दबावों के कारण अत्यधिक तनाव में जी रहा है। तनाव न केवल मानसिक स्वास्थ्य को प्रभावित करता है, बल्कि शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य पर भी प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डालता है। इस शोध पत्र में योग के माध्यम से तनाव प्रबंधन की प्रभावशीलता का विश्लेषण किया गया है। योगाभ्यास के नियमित अभ्यास से युवाओं में तनाव के स्तर में कमी आई है तथा मानसिक शांति और जीवन की गुणवत्ता में सुधार देखा गया है। यह अध्ययन योग को एक प्रभावशाली, सुरक्षित और सुलभ हस्तक्षेप के रूप में प्रस्तुत करता है, जो तनावग्रस्त युवाओं के लिए अत्यंत लाभकारी हो सकता है।

यह शोध बावरी समाज की पारंपरिक संस्कृति और लोक परंपराओं के बदलते स्वरूप का विश्लेषण करता है। बावरी समाज, जो भारत में एक जनजातीय समुदाय के रूप में जाना जाता है, अपने विशिष्ट लोकाचार, रीति-रिवाज, लोक संगीत, नृत्य, पारंपरिक जीवनशैली और धार्मिक आस्थाओं के लिए प्रसिद्ध रहा है। किंतु वैश्वीकरण, शहरीकरण, शिक्षा, संचार साधनों की पहुँच, और सरकारी विकास योजनाओं ने इस समाज की पारंपरिक संरचना में उल्लेखनीय परिवर्तन किए हैं। इस अध्ययन के अंतर्गत यह पाया गया कि बावरी समाज अब धीरे-धीरे मुख्यधारा की जीवनशैली को अपनाता जा रहा है, जिससे पारंपरिक लोक कलाएँ, रीति-रिवाज और सांस्कृतिक पहचान क्षीण हो रही है। वहीं दूसरी ओर, इस परिवर्तन ने समाज को सामाजिक-आर्थिक रूप से सशक्त भी किया है। शोध के अनुसार यह परिवर्तन संघर्ष और समायोजन की प्रक्रिया है, जहाँ एक ओर पारंपरिक मूल्य टूट रहे हैं, वहीं दूसरी ओर नई सामाजिक चेतना और आत्मविश्वास का विकास हो रहा है।

किशोरावस्था मानव जीवन का वह संधिकाल है, जिसमें शारीरिक, मानसिक और भावनात्मक विकास तीव्र गति से होता है। यह वह समय होता है जब व्यक्ति न केवल अपने शरीर में तेजी से परिवर्तन अनुभव करता है, बल्कि मानसिक रूप से भी परिपक्व होने की दिशा में अग्रसर होता है। आधुनिक युग में बदलती जीवनशैली, तकनीकी उपकरणों की अधिकता, असंतुलित आहार की प्रवृत्ति, शारीरिक गतिविधियों की कमी तथा बढ़ता मानसिक तनाव किशोरों के स्वास्थ्य को गंभीर रूप से प्रभावित कर रहा है। मोबाइल, इंटरनेट, जंक फूड और असमय दिनचर्या जैसे कारण किशोरों में मोटापा, मधुमेह, हॉर्मोनल असंतुलन, एकाग्रता की कमी, तनाव और व्यवहारिक अस्थिरता जैसी समस्याओं को जन्म दे रहे हैं। ऐसे परिप्रेक्ष्य में योग और संतुलित आहार को किशोरों के संपूर्ण स्वास्थ्य विकास के लिए प्रभावशाली उपाय के रूप में देखा जा रहा है। योग केवल शारीरिक व्यायाम नहीं है, बल्कि यह शारीरिक, मानसिक और भावनात्मक संतुलन स्थापित करने की भारतीय पद्धति है। प्राणायाम, ध्यान और विभिन्न योगासन न केवल शारीरिक लचीलापन बढ़ाते हैं, बल्कि मानसिक स्पष्टता और भावनात्मक स्थिरता को भी सशक्त बनाते हैं। वहीं, संतुलित आहार शरीर को आवश्यक पोषक तत्वों की पूर्ति कर ऊर्जा, रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता और मानसिक क्रियाशीलता में सहायक सिद्ध होता है। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य किशोरों के स्वास्थ्य पर योग और संतुलित आहार के संयुक्त प्रभावों का अनुभवजन्य विश्लेषण करना है। यह अध्ययन इस दिशा में प्रकाश डालता है कि किस प्रकार नियमित योगाभ्यास और पोषण युक्त आहार किशोरों की शारीरिक क्षमता, मानसिक स्थिति तथा भावनात्मक संतुलन को सकारात्मक रूप से प्रभावित करते हैं।

Catalytic growth is a powerful tool to form a variety of wire (whisker) like structures with diameters ranging from just a few nanometres to the millimetre range. A range of phases (gas, solid, liquid, solution and supercritical fluid) have been used for the feeder phase, i.e. the source of material to be incorporated into the nanowire. Solid, liquid and Gases. As we looking our surrounding we see a larger number variety of things with different shapes size and textures. Everything in this universal is made up of a material we scientist have named "Matter" the air we breathe, the food we eat ,stones, cloud, stars, plants and animals even small drop water or a particle who said -everything is matter. We also look at around that all things of mentioned above occupy space and Mass. In other words, they have both mass and vellum Human beings try to understand their surrounding. Every earlier Indian philosophers classified matter in the form of 5 basic elements - air, earth, fire sky and W water. According to them everything, living or non living was made up of these five basic elements. Modern day scientist have two types of classification of matter depend on their physical and chemical properties. In this we have learn about the most of the observable properties of a material are bulk properties which are associated with the collection of large number of individual particles. These are very important for us because these are helpful for us and by this process we can understand how the world works. For example we know that an individual molecule of a liquid does not boil but the large number of liquid molecules boil. The individual water molecules do not wet but water which represents a collection of water molecules has wetting properties. In this we have learnt about the different forms of water such as ice (in solid form) liquid water and steam (in gaseous form). In the all three states of water, chemical composition is same (H2O) but the physical properties (Shape, size, colour etc) are very different. So it is very important to learn about the three states of matter.

This cross-sectional study examines the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial impacts of Android Smartphone use among children (<12), adolescents (13–18), adults (19–60), and elderly (>60) in Amravati, Maharashtra. Using standardized questionnaires, cognitive tasks, eye/posture assessments, and focus-group interviews, we analyzed usage patterns, dependency behaviors, and health outcomes. Results revealed significant associations between prolonged screen time and attention deficits, sleep disturbances, musculoskeletal discomfort, and smartphone dependency symptoms across all age groups. Findings highlight the need for age-specific interventions and awareness programs in semi-urban Indian communities.

This paper explores the complex negotiations of identity experienced by diasporic Indian women as depicted in contemporary English literature. Through feminist and postcolonial lenses, it interrogates the intersections of displacement, cultural conflict, gender roles, and psychological fragmentation. The study examines key literary works such as The Mistress of Spices by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, Desirable Daughters by Bharati Mukherjee, and Brick Lane by Monica Ali, focusing on how diasporic women confront patriarchal expectations, cultural alienation, and identity dislocation. Ultimately, the paper argues that diasporic Indian women’s narratives embody both resistance and resilience in the face of multilayered oppression, using literature as a space to articulate the fractured yet evolving self.