The organizational challenge that this research paper deals with is the resistance to change and extends into exploring its causes in as much detail, considering also possible strategies for mitigating it. The study reviews information from multiple sources to synthesize knowledge regarding the complex interplay of factors that lead to resistance in organizational settings. The paper investigates elements such as individual and situational aspects to illuminate the diverse nature of resistance.

From March 2020 i.e. few years before nobody knew that the world will turn down due to Covid 19 pandemic. All sectors of the economy are affected due to the pandemic norms. Investment sector is also not left untouched. Pattern of investment changed as due to the pandemic investors moved towards making online transactions instead of doing physical transactions. Due to the changing pattern investors started to invest in digital market. Also the use of technology grew rapidly, due to this people g

The impact of social media marketing factors on the purchase decisions of youth is a critical area of study in today's digital landscape. The attractiveness, trustworthiness, expertise, and popularity of influencers are key factors influencing youth purchase decisions. This study employs a descriptive and analytical approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. A well-structured questionnaire was distributed among youth, including students and working professionals and the sample

India is a potential market for other countries because it has the world's second-largest population. Examining the export, import, and composition patterns of India's foreign trade with various countries is essential because of the variety of items and countries participating in the trade. At the same time, learning about the obstacles and possibilities of doing business with these nations is crucial. The current research examines India's trading ties with China and the United States. China and

जब देश गुलामी की जंजीरों से जकड़ा हुआ था और समस्त जनजीवन अंधविश्वास, रुढ़िवादिता एवं अज्ञान की आंधी में अटका हुआ था। वस्तुतः धार्मिक-सामाजिक सुधार आंदोलनों के सम्मिलित प्रभाव से राजनीतिक जीवन में सुधार एवं परिवर्तन की जरूरत महसूस होने लगी। विवेकानन्द, अरविंद घोष और बाद में गाँधी जैसे व्यक्तियों ने धीरे-धीरे परिवर्तन के मार्ग को प्रशस्त किया, जिससे राष्ट्रीयता एक नए विचार के रुप में पल्लवित हुई।

The "Make in India" initiative, launched in 2014 by the Government of India, seeks to promote domestic manufacturing and position the country as a global manufacturing hub. This paper examines the impact of the initiative on small scale industries (SSI) in Mumbai, the financial capital of India. Small scale industries play a vital role in Mumbai's economic landscape, contributing to employment and local industrial development. The objectives of the Make in India initiative include job creation,

लोकतांत्रिक शासन व्यवस्थाओं में राजनीतिक सŸाा परिवर्तन स्वाभाविक प्रघटना है परन्तु पिछले कुछ दशकों से भारतीय राजनीति में सŸाा परिवर्तन जहां एक और कुछेक प्रशासनिक सुधारों को जन्म देता है वहीं दूसरी और कुछ अस्वस्थ परम्पराओं का भी वाहक बनने लगा है। जिनमें से प्रमुख है राजनीति में सŸाा परिवर्तन के साथ प्रषासनिक अधिकारियों व कर्मचारियों के दुर्भावनापूर्ण स्थानांतरण। अधिकंाशतः पूर्ववर्ती सरकारों द्वारा विभिन्न पदों पर आसीन किए गए अधिकारियों व कर्मचारियों का स्थानांतरण भी किया जाने लगा है जो कि बहुधा ज

Teaching as a profession is not as simple as it was considered long ago. Nowadays teachers are supposed to work like a multi professional employee who can be used at number of works which are not meant for them or not a part of their duty. Many primary teachers are demotivated and have low levels of teaching engagement. They cannot leave the job, but work all like a machine and obey the orders of the department without thinking a little about them. These factors all impact negatively on teachin

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the automotive industry has revolutionized the way we drive and interact with vehicles. This paper explores the ethical implications and responsible use of AI in automotive technology. It delves into the multifaceted challenges and opportunities that arise as AI becomes increasingly intertwined with vehicles, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive ethical framework The potential job displacement due to autonomous vehicles and the ethical con

Ruskin Bond's works are known for their gentle and heartwarming portrayal of human relationships. He writes about ordinary people and their everyday lives, but he finds the beauty and wonder in the simplest of interactions. His stories are full of love, friendship, compassion, and understanding. One of the most common themes in Bond's work is the relationship between children and adults. He often writes about children who find companionship and support from older people who are outside of their

This course provides a solid foundation in a dynamic field while simultaneously examining possible new areas of innovation. Through the use of interesting applications, the topics are presented in context. utilizes a pattern of two colors with a section of four colors in order to make crystal forms more accessible to the user. It has a lengthy bibliography as well as reading suggestions, which will assist you in finding further works that are relevant to it more quickly. Contains not just a list

The education loan sector has witnessed significant transformations in recent years, driven by advancements in digital marketing strategies adopted by both banking and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of digital marketing strategies employed by banking institutions and NBFCs in promoting education loans. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical research involving interviews and surveys with marketing professionals and consume

This paper critically analyzes the role of airports as strategic hubs within the aviation ecosystem. Traditionally viewed as infrastructure providers, airports have evolved into complex entities that significantly influence and shape the aviation industry's dynamics. This study synthesizes current research to explore how airports leverage strategic initiatives to enhance operational efficiency, drive technological innovation, promote sustainability, and improve passenger experiences. It examines

This abstract presents an overview of the evolution of forensic accounting's capacity to detect financial fraud by contrasting traditional and cutting-edge techniques. To find anomalies suggestive of fraud, forensic accountants have traditionally depended on conventional methods such financial statement analysis, transactional inspection, audit trail studies, internal control evaluations, and interviews. On the other hand, contemporary approaches incorporate cutting edge technologies such as dig

A prolific Indian novelist, Ruskin Bond has enthralled generations with his literary works, which are characterised by their simplicity, attractiveness, and profound insights into human nature. His works have been a source of inspiration for many generations. Through the course of this research paper, we investigate the enduring themes of childhood as well as the portrayal of children in Bond's literary works. Bond's distinctive narrative style and his compassionate representation of the joys an

The research examines ways to analyses and improve 5G wireless network MIMO-OFDM systems. MIMO systems improve wireless communication by using many antennas to increase data throughput and dependability. Bell Labs Layered Space-Time (BLAST) and Vertical BLAST (V-BLAST) improve spectral efficiency by simultaneously broadcasting data streams from several antennas. Space-Time Codes (STCs) like STBCs and STTCs function well with full antenna diversity. MIMO systems are simulated and analyzed using M

The digital age demands the protection of intellectual property rights and the enforcement of cyber laws to ensure the integrity and security of online content. Digital Rights Management (DRM) and cyber law play crucial roles in preventing unauthorized use, duplication, transmission, and alteration of copyrighted materials. DRM uses techniques like restrictive agreements, encryption, and content scrambling to safeguard digital content, ensuring only authorized users can access and utilize it. De

The purpose of this study is to investigate the landscape of tax awareness and strategic planning among individual assessees in India, with a special emphasis on their perceptions of recent income tax developments. It does this by conducting an exhaustive investigation, which investigates the level of awareness that taxpayers have of the reforms and the consequent strategic planning that they have done in order to maximize their tax obligations. The research intends to shed light on the knowledg

W.B. Yeats, a legendary figure in Irish literature, offered a sophisticated examination of identity, sacrifice, and revolt by fusing his poetry with insightful observations on Irish nationalism. The poetic dramas by Yeats, especially "Cathleen ni Houlihan" and "Easter, 1916," are examined in depth in this research since they are important pieces that deal directly with the political conflicts in Ireland. Yeats turns his plays into moving commentary on the country's struggle for independence by u

The changing socio-social milieu of India from the time of colonial rule to the ongoing day is reflected in the enormous advancement that has occurred in the development of roles and identities for women in Indian English playwriting. The reason for this exploration is to research the development of roles and identities for women in Indian English playwriting, starting with adaptations to colonial culture and advancing to post-independence reflections on national identity and advancing cultural

पंजाब में भूमि के गहराई का मुख्य कारण पैडी की उत्पादन है, जो एक महत्वपूर्ण मात्रा में पानी की आवश्यकता होती है। पैडी किसानों के विचारों तथा उनके बारे में विभिन्न कारकों का सर्वेक्षण किया जाता है जो भूमि के गहराई की कमी का कारण बनते हैं। किसान पानी बचाने वाली प्रौद्योगिकी और तकनीकों का अमल कर सकते हैं, साथ ही अपनी फसल के चयन में भी विविधता ला सकते हैं, ताकि लंबे समय तक भूमि के उपयोग को दीर्घकालिक रूप से संजीवनीय बनाए रखा जा सके। इसके बावजूद, अपनाने की दर काफी कम है, और विविधता में अपना रिस्क उत्प

The study of the “Change in cropping pattern and agriculture productivity in Sidhmukh Canal catchment area: A geographical study of Hanumangarh District of Rajasthan”, was conducted in Bhadra Tehsil segment of district Hanumangarh. The Bhadra Tehsil is irrigated by the three main canal systems viz.- Bhakra Canal, IGNP, and Sidhmukh Canal. The study is focused on the segment of Bhadra Tehsil which comes under the Sidhmukh Canal irrigation. Further this segment or catchment area is divided i

The objective of this study is to examine how balance between serious and fun activities arrangements and worker work fulfillment connect with each other. This article has explicitly centered around how balance between fun and serious activities rules assist with accomplishing a harmony between proficient work and different pursuits. The ongoing concentrate additionally sees how balance between serious and fun activities guidelines reduce struggle among work and home life. To apply and connect r

The study explores the impact of distillery spent wash and organic amendments on soil properties, crop yield, and ion leaching dynamics in agricultural contexts. Field trials were conducted on sodic and calcareous soils, with treatments including varying levels of spent wash, farmyard manure, gypsum lime mixture, and biochar. Data collection involved soil sampling, crop monitoring, and water analysis for ion concentrations. Statistical analyses showed significant effects of spent wash and organi

इस शोध में, सुर्यकांत त्रिपाठी निराला के कामों में महिला संवेदनशीलता की चित्रण की जांच के लिए एक नारीवादी दृष्टिकोण का उपयोग किया गया है। उनकी कविताओं, उपन्यासों, और निबंधों के माध्यम से, निराला, समकालीन हिंदी साहित्य में एक महत्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति, महिलाओं की स्वायत्तता, पितृसत्ता के खिलाफ संघर्ष, महिला सेक्सुअलिटी, और सहानुभूति जैसे विषयों का अध्ययन करते हैं। यह शोध पितृसत्तात्मक मानकों पर हमला करता है और निराला के लैंगिक समानता पर उनके प्रगतिशील विचारों को प्रकट करता है। इसका उद्देश्य निराला के का

This study uses a mixed-method approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methodologies to analyze the educational administration procedures in senior secondary schools located in Fatehabad, Haryana. Observations and in-person conversations are added to primary data from structured interviews with 20 teachers and 100 students to provide complex insights into the educational environment. The comprehension of context is improved by secondary data. To ensure a thorough examination of educa

Humans have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the disease's causal agent, for thousands of years. Its capacity to infect, survive, and spread to healthy people is reliant on its ability to elude and exploit host immune responses. The infection cycle frequently leads to an equilibrium state marked by bacterial persistence and immune regulation. According to recent research, different cell types react differently to M. tuberculosis infection, and cellular and intracellular habitats dy

This study examines global perspectives on feminist epistemology, focusing on how political critiques vary across diverse cultural contexts. study traces how feminist scholars have questioned conventional ideas of knowledge and technique as it examines the development of the feminist critique of positivistic epistemology. Feminists were first lured to positivism, but through feminist empiricism, feminist postmodernism, and viewpoint theory, they eventually rejected it. The realization that women

This analysis explores the remarkable advancements in sculpture during the Chola period, emphasizing both religious and secular art forms. The Chola dynasty is renowned for its exquisite bronze sculptures, which have been widely discovered in Southeast Asia, reflecting the Cholas' influence. Key architectural achievements include the Brihadeshwar Temple at Thanjavur and the Gangaikondacholapuram Temple, showcasing intricate monolithic sculptures. The study delves into various deities' iconograph

Inclusive education, which aims to provide equal opportunities for all students regardless of their diverse backgrounds and abilities, has garnered increasing attention in recent years. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the challenges and successes encountered in implementing inclusive education practices. Drawing upon a wide range of literature, the review highlights the complexities involved in fostering inclusive environments within educational settings. The challenges of inclusi

Similar to Western countries, the early origins of special education in India started with Christian missionaries and nongovernmental agencies which stressed a charity model of serving populations such as the visually, hearing, and cognitively impaired. However after its independence from Great Britain in 1947, the Indian government became more involved in providing educational, rehabilitation, and social services. Thus over the past four decades, India has moved gradually toward an inclusive ed

Indian education system is strongly influenced by the religious systems and few have their own indigenous approach which serve as a foundation for secondary and higher education. The current paper attempts to comprehend how these institutions have played a role in formalization of education at secondary school system through an overview ancient, medieval, colonial and post independent periods. The present paper aims to bring out common thread as well as differences in approach towards secondary

This study assesses the public acceptability of affordable wastewater treatment methods in Nagpur, a rapidly urbanizing city in India. As urban centers expand, effective and economical wastewater management becomes increasingly crucial for public health, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic development. This research synthesizes findings from a comprehensive literature review and case studies to identify key factors influencing public acceptance of low-cost wastewater solutions. Thes

Shrikhand is a semi-soft, sweetish-sour fermented dairy product prepared from lactic fermented curd. Shrikhand is very popular in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. Shrikhand has been recommended for those patients which suffering from obesity and cardiovascular disease due to its low fat and sugar contents.The curd is partially strained through a muslin cloth to remove the whey and thus produce a solid mass known as chakka. Chakka is mixed with required amounts of sugar, color, flavour etc. to

Today image improvement is exceptionally weak instrument within the field of picture handling those points to progress the picture quality. Histogram equalization is the foremost prevalent strategy for picture improvement. The most disadvantage of histogram equalization is over upgrade and makes an unnatural see. These can be overcome by the Bi-Histogram Equalization. Bi-Histogram Equalization is part the picture histogram into two sub-histograms, utilizing cruel as edge, and supplanting aggrega

This study examines the trends of economic growth and polarization in the Indian economy from 1980-81 to 1999-2000, with a focus on sectoral dynamics and income distribution. The analysis reveals that while the secondary sector, particularly manufacturing and industry, showed notable growth and structural improvements during the 1990s, the primary sector, including agriculture, faced declining growth rates. The tertiary sector, encompassing services such as finance, education, and healthcare, de

Music, a perfect mood changer, is increasingly recognised for its positive effects. Gospel Music, an influential genre, has been shown to enhance cognition and contribute to overall well-being. This study aims to further our understanding of the healing potential of Gospel Music on our Body, Mind, and soul, offering reassurance and optimism to the Christian Community. Background: Music, a universal aspect of human existence, is deeply rooted in every culture. Gospel Music, a unique genre in the

One of the most important digital marketing strategies is search engine optimization (SEO), which raises a website's exposure in search engine results. Businesses can increase organic traffic by optimizing certain aspects of their websites to increase their chances of ranking higher on search engine results pages (SERPs). An extensive analysis of the various uses and applications of SEO is given in this article.

Many countries' economy, including India's, have felt the effects of the protracted war between Russia and Ukraine. The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of the conflict on the Indian economy from multiple angles. It explores the effects on international trade, energy stability, the stock market, and the macro economy as a whole. This article delves deeply into the causes and consequences of the crisis between Russia and Ukraine for India by looking at these aspects.

This study presents an advanced diagnostic approach for detecting Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) using precise fundus image extraction and efficient processing techniques based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The developed automated system facilitates early diagnosis and categorization of DR through image analysis, employing pixel-based and anatomical/textural feature extraction methods. Clinicians can conveniently observe blood vessels and exudates, enhancing diagnostic accuracy. T

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have become integral to various applications such as surveillance, agriculture, and delivery services. However, their increasing deployment has also exposed them to numerous cyber security threats. This paper explores the cyber security challenges in UAV wireless communication networks, highlighting the vulnerabilities, potential attack vectors, and existing security measures. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the cur

प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र मेें ”नई शिक्षा नीति 2020 में डाइट की भूमिका” का उल्लेख किया गया है। नई शिक्षा नीति 2020 के तहत राजस्थान के सभी जिला शिक्षा एवं प्रशिक्षण संस्थान (डाइट) की भूमिका पहले की अपेक्षा बहुत ज्यादा विस्तृत होगी यह संस्थान केवल भविष्य के लिए अध्यापक ही तैयार नहीं करेंगे, बल्कि विद्यालयी शिक्षा को चुस्त-दुरुस्त व कारगर बनाने हेतु भी निरंतर कार्य करेंगे। नई शिक्षा नीति 2020 के तहत अब डाइट सरकारी स्कूलों के पहली कक्षा से लेकर 12वीं कक्षा तक पढ़ने वाले सभी गरीब परिवारों के बच्चों के भविष्य

सशक्तिकरण का पहला आयाम महिलाओं में आत्मविश्वास और स्वाभिमान जाग्रत करने से संबधित है, पुरूष और महिला की सामाजिक स्थिति में अन्तर यों तो समूचे समाज में मौजूद है, किन्तु ग्रामीण समाज के हालात और बदतर है, शहरों में तो शिक्षा समाज सुधार आन्दोलन और प्रचार प्रसार माध्यमों के प्रभाव से महिलाओं में अपने अधिकारों के प्रति समानता एवं स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार प्राप्त हुआ हैं, परन्तु ग्रामीण समाज में औरतें परिवार और समाज के शोषण का शिकार है। गाँवों में परिवार की आय में आधे से अधिक का भाग महिलाओं का रहता है परन

Aim: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the visual and functional impact of astigmatism on daily living. Methods: The study involved 280 adults aged 18 to 35, undergoing face-to-face interviews for health histories, NEI VFQ questionnaire completion, and refractive condition assessments. Pearson correlation coefficients analyzed associations between domains of NEI VFQ, contrast sensitivity, and visual acuity. Results: The study encompassed 280 participants aged 18 to 35, predominantly ma

हा शोधनिबंध डॉ. लीला दीक्षित यांच्या बालसाहित्यातील चारित्र्य विकासाच्या उत्क्रांतीचा अध्ययन करतो, सुरुवातीच्या कलाकृतींपासून ते समकालीन कलाकृतींमध्ये त्याचे परिवर्तन शोधतो. चारित्र्य विकासावर सांस्कृतिक, सामाजिक आणि शैक्षणिक घटकांचा प्रभाव तपासण्यासाठी हा अध्ययन गुणात्मक विश्लेषणात्मक चौकट वापरतो. हे वर्ण चित्रण आणि विषयासंबंधीच्या समस्यांना संबोधित करण्यात एक गतिशील उत्क्रांती प्रकट करते. सामाजिक मूल्ये बदलण्यासाठी दीक्षितची प्रतिक्रिया आणि तिच्या कथनातून समकालीन समस्यांचे निराकरण कर

Women entrepreneurship should be recognized as an important source of economic growth in India. Women entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves as well as others and also provide society with different solutions to management, organization and business problems. However, they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs as they often face gender-based barriers to starting and growing their businesses, like discriminatory property, matrimonial and inheritance laws and/or cultural practices;

Although the insurance industry has traditionally been slow to adopt new technologies, the recent wave of digitization has significantly disrupted and transformed business practices. This empirical study aims to explore how technology is reshaping the insurance sector and evaluate whether the adoption of new technologies can enhance business efficiency. Additionally, it examines how technological interventions, such as wearables, have contributed to reducing fraud and erroneous claims. The resea

Multiobjective optimization problems have been applied in various fields of science, where optimal decisions need to be taken in the presence of trade-offs between two or more conflicting objectives. Researchers study multiobjective optimization problems from different viewpoints and, then there exist different goals when setting and solving them. The goal may be finding a set of Pareto optimal solutions, and/or qualifying the trade-offs in satisfying the different objectives, and/or finding a s

In cloud computing environments based on the Internet of Things, efficient resource allocation strategies are essential for maximizing performance and guaranteeing dependable service delivery. In order to define performance benchmarks and direct resource allocation, this study examines the function of policies and service-level agreements (SLAs) in cloud resource management. Policies and Service Level Agreements (SLAs) guarantee that cloud services follow established guidelines, enabling auto-sc

वेदों को भारतीय संस्कृति का प्राण माना जाता है । प्राचीन मान्यता के अनुसार इन वेदों का आविर्भाव ब्रह्म के नि:श्वास से हुआ – एवं वा अरेऽस्य महतो भूतस्य नि:श्वसितमेतद्यदृग्वेदो यजुर्वेद: सामवेदोऽथर्वांगिरस:।1 यही कारण है कि आर्य वेदों को अपौरुषेय वाक् मानते हैं।2 इन वेदों का मुख्य प्रतिपाद्य विषय देवता है । वेद की सभी संहिताओं में मुख्य रूप से देवताओं की स्तुतियाँ की गयी हैं । वैदिक आर्यों का देवताओं में दृढ़ विश्वास था, उनकी कल्पना में यह समस्त संसार तीन लोकों में विभक्त है - पृथ्वीलोक,अंतरिक्षलो

अन्त्यज शब्द का अर्थ भारत में व्यक्तियों के एक ऐसे वर्ग है, जिसे सामान्यत: जाति से बाहर तथा अछूत माना जाता है। यह एक प्राचीन और सबसे अधिक शोषित जाति है। इसे श्मशान पाल, डोम, अंतवासी, थाप, श्मशान कर्मी, अंत्यज, चांडालनी, पुक्कश, गवाशन, दीवाकीर्ति, मातंग, श्वपच आदि नामों से भी पुकारा जाता है वह व्यक्ति जो अंतिम वर्ण में उत्पन्न हुआ हो । वह शुद्र जो प्राचीन युग में छुने के योग्य नहीं माना जाता था या जिसका छुआ हुआ जल द्विज उन दिनों ग्रहण नहीं करते थे प्राचीन विधि संहिता "मनु स्मृति" के अनु

पंडित दीनदयाल उपाध्याय, एक प्रभावशाली भारतीय राजनीतिक विचारक के रुप में इन्होंने 1965 में एकात्म मानववाद दर्शन की शुरुआत किया। यह अध्ययन इसके मूलभूत सिद्धांतों, दार्शनिक आधारों और समकालीन प्रासंगिकता की समीक्षा करता है। एकात्म मानववाद मानव विकास के लिए एक समग्र दृष्टिकोण की अपेक्षा करता है, भौतिक और आध्यात्मिक आवश्यकताओं को एकीकृत करता है, शारीरिक, मानसिक एवं आध्यात्मिक आयामों में संतुलित विकास पर केन्द्रित होता है। यह अंत्योदय (हाशिए पर पड़े लोगों का उत्थान), व्यक्तिगत सम्मान और स्वदेशी संस

यह अध्ययन संतुलित आहार और योगाभ्यास के समग्र स्वास्थ्य पर प्रभाव का तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। अध्ययन में 60 प्रतिभागियों को तीन समूहों में विभाजित किया गया—पहला समूह केवल संतुलित आहार लेता था, दूसरा समूह केवल योग करता था, और तीसरा समूह दोनों का पालन करता था। 12 सप्ताह के प्रयोग के बाद पाया गया कि दोनों विधियाँ स्वास्थ्य के लिए लाभकारी हैं, परंतु आहार और योग के संयोजन से सर्वाधिक सकारात्मक परिणाम सामने आए। यह अध्ययन प्रमाणित करता है कि संतुलित आहार और नियमित योग अभ्यास का समग्र स्वास्थ्य पर गहरा और सकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ता है।

भारतीय नीति साहित्य का महत्वपूर्ण अंग पञ्चतंत्र और हितोपदेश जैसे ग्रंथों में नारी विषयक दृष्टिकोण का विस्तृत विवेचन मिलता है। ये ग्रंथ जहाँ एक ओर समाज को व्यावहारिक जीवन की शिक्षा प्रदान करते हैं, वहीं दूसरी ओर नारी की भूमिका, उसकी बुद्धिमत्ता, नैतिकता, चातुर्य एवं सामाजिक व्यवहार को भी गहराई से चित्रित करते हैं। प्राचीन भारतीय साहित्य में नीति कथाएँ केवल मनोरंजन का साधन नहीं थीं, बल्कि वे जीवन के गूढ़ रहस्यों, व्यवहारिक समस्याओं और नैतिक शिक्षा का स्रोत थीं। विशेष रूप से पञ्चतंत्र और हितोपदेश जैसे ग्रंथों में नारी पात्रों की उपस्थिति कभी निर्णायक, कभी प्रेरक और कभी चेतावनी स्वरूप होती है। इनमें नारी को केवल श्रृंगार की वस्तु नहीं, बल्कि बुद्धि, साहस, और व्यवहार-कुशलता की प्रतीक के रूप में भी प्रस्तुत किया गया है। यह शोध-पत्र नारी के विषय में इन दोनों ग्रंथों की कथाओं का तुलनात्मक और विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन प्रस्तुत करता है। इसका उद्देश्य यह जानना है कि नीति साहित्य में नारी की छवि किस रूप में चित्रित की गई है, समाज के लिए उसकी क्या उपयोगिता मानी गई है, तथा उस समय की सामाजिक संरचना में नारी की वास्तविक स्थिति क्या थी। साथ ही, इस शोध में यह भी देखा जाएगा कि पञ्चतंत्र और हितोपदेश में वर्णित नारी चरित्र आज के परिप्रेक्ष्य में किस हद तक प्रासंगिक हैं। इस अध्ययन के माध्यम से नारी के बहुआयामी स्वरूप को समझने तथा नीति साहित्य में उसकी यथार्थवादी भूमिका का मूल्यांकन करना सम्भव होगा।

This paper explores the intersection of psychological fragmentation, patriarchal constraints, and spatial dislocation in the construction of feminist identity in Indian diasporic narratives. It examines how Indian women protagonists in diasporic fiction negotiate identity, agency, and belonging amidst cultural hybridity and gendered expectations. Drawing on selected works by Monica Ali, Jhumpa Lahiri, and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, the study employs feminist psychoanalysis and postcolonial theory to analyze the portrayal of resistance, adaptation, and self-reclamation. Through textual analysis, this paper argues that diasporic Indian women traverse not only geographical spaces but also internal landscapes of self-definition, often resisting both inherited patriarchy and the cultural alienation of migration.

श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता तीन प्रमुख आध्यात्मिक मार्गों दृ कर्मयोग, भक्तियोग और ज्ञानयोग दृ की त्रिवेणी का प्रतीक है। यह त्रैविधिक संगम मानव जीवन को समग्र और संतुलित रूप से आध्यात्मिक उन्नति की दिशा में ले जाता है। कर्मयोग हमें निष्काम भाव से कर्तव्य करने की प्रेरणा देता है, जहाँ कार्य में लिप्त रहते हुए भी व्यक्ति फल की इच्छा से मुक्त रहता है। भक्तियोग में पूर्ण श्रद्धा, प्रेम और समर्पण के माध्यम से ईश्वर के प्रति एक गहरा संबंध स्थापित किया जाता है। वहीं ज्ञानयोग आत्मा, ब्रह्म और संसार के यथार्थ स्वरूप को जानकर अज्ञान का नाश करता है और मोक्ष की ओर ले जाता है। गीता इन तीनों मार्गों को परस्पर विरोधी न मानकर, एक-दूसरे के पूरक मानती है। कर्म में गति है, भक्ति में शक्ति है और ज्ञान में मुक्ति है। इनका समन्वय जीवन को समृद्ध, शांत और उद्देश्यपूर्ण बनाता है। इस त्रिवेणी के माध्यम से गीता व्यक्ति को मोह से मुक्त कर, आत्मज्ञान और अंततः मोक्ष की ओर अग्रसर करती है।

The paper proposes to evaluate concerns about the usefulness of a designed communication training programme in a systematic framework pedagogic plan that includes a segment of pre-service educators who are taking a one-year Bachelor of Education or (B.Ed.) course in the 2024-2025 school year. The research work employed a non-survey-based, mixed-method design based on the analysis of classroom performance data of 110 participants, via their lesson observations, teaching documents and reflection feedback. Some of the key areas to focus were clarity of communication used to teach, student involvement, verbal and non-verbal strategies and conflict resolution at the classroom level. These findings indicated that a considerable percentage of the pre-service teachers showed a high percentage of clarity and engagement, a positive use of multimodal communication methods, and the management of classrooms with minimal cases of conflicts. These results show that the programme was actually effective in improving the necessary communication skills needed in teaching practice.

This research deeply investigates the vulnerabilities and policy gaps of the informal sector workers in the Midnapore Municipality of West Bengal. The study shows that despite claims of the government protecting informal sector workers, these workers are not protected from income shocks, there are significant differences in circumstances across informal sectors, and while there are numerous welfare schemes in place for informal sector workers community, workers have little access to them. In Midnapore, workers can avail themselves of a number of government welfare schemes including E-Shram, Ayushman Bharat, and, PM SVANidhi, yet largely remain excluded and unable to join these schemes due to low awareness, documentation barriers, a high percentage of digital illiteracy amongst workers, and a bureaucracy that did not make application easy. The study reveals a significant distance between what is said in legislation and what happens on the ground and calls for interventions to be designed to be inclusive, accessible, and place-based. The study ends with constructive recommendations and calls for accountability so that actions match commitments; to work towards a fairer, more equitable urban governance and ultimately inclusion and equity in the informal economy.

Street children are one of the most excluded and vulnerable people in those very fast developing cities such as Kolkata. The current study presents analytical review of 110 street children in terms of livelihoods and demographic status trends of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation in its chosen wards. By use of concerted field observations and casual interactions, the study manages to obtain vital statistics in the areas of age distribution, economic participation, night-time accommodation, and availability of primary services, with no need to use formal sampling or surveys. The results indicate the population of children of age between 11-14, high rate of rag-picking and begging activities to earn livelihood and significant lack of shelter and other amenities. Very few children access clean water, sanitation, education and healthcare and most even sleep on pavements or railway platforms. The research identifies the structural weaknesses in the lives of these children and makes a case to integrate and community-based policy interventions to respond to shelter, child protection, inclusive services, and preventive urban planning.

This paper looks at what can be described as the socio-economic geography of the Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal in the light of the role played by spatial concerned to the livelihoods, access to infrastructure and development impacts. It departs with the traditional surveys-based approaches and is document-based and observational and uses institutional records, census data, and visual analysis structured at field-level data analysis of a set of gram panchayats in Kalna and Bardhaman Sadar subdivisions. The most important indicators are considered, including the occupational structure, housing conditions, access to the sanitation and educational attainment and the frequency and percentage data are provided by 110 observed units. The results highlight the prevalence of farming as a major basis of livelihood that has taken place there in the fertile alluvial plains and irrigation systems of the district. The housing conditions discover that dormitory structures are mainly used and an uneven access to sanitation whereby there is an extensive use of common pit latrines and open defecation.

The rural landscape of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, has witnessed a notable shift in recent years with the conversion of traditional agricultural lands into fisheries. This study explores the socio-economic implications of this land-use transformation by analyzing secondary data from 80 purposively selected units across the district. Findings indicate that the shift is primarily driven by factors such as reduced agricultural productivity, climatic challenges, and the higher profitability of aquaculture, particularly brackish water shrimp farming. Descriptive statistical tools including frequency distribution and percentage analysis reveal significant improvements in household income and employment opportunities post-conversion. While the transition has created economic advantages for many rural households, it also raises concerns about long-term environmental sustainability and the displacement of traditional farming systems. The study underscores the need for balanced rural development policies that support economic diversification while safeguarding ecological and social equity.

The situation description of Rural Health in India is unequal and, in most cases, underprivileged especially in states such as West Bengal characterized by the intersection of the socio-economic and infrastructural distortions with environmental weaknesses. As a geographical evaluation of rural health condition around Bardhaman district, the paper is qualitative, document-based, and observational in four community development blocks, viz. Kalna I, Katwa II, Galsi II and Raina I. Some of the main determinants that the study looks at are being physically close to healthcare facilities, functionality of sub-centres, availability of safe drinking water and prevalence of common diseases. With 110 observational data points (government records, health maps, and field observation of the environmental health risks) analysis manifests that there is emergency disparities related to the healthcare accessibility. The results show that rural households and more than 60% of the households are not within 3km of a Primary Health Centre, a substantial proportion of the people continue to rely on unsafe/arsenic-prone water sources and almost one in every three health sub-centres are non-functional.