The regression coefficients of interest payment have negative values during most of the years and were found statistically significant for twelve years out of sixteen years of study. This suggests that there was a negative relationship between dividend payment and interest paid by the companies. It means companies having more burden of interest payment show a tendency to pay fewer dividends. Likewise in case of debt equity ratio regression coefficients have negative values during most of the y

In this study, pure and Co-doped tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method, and the effect of Co-doping on the Operational, Ocular, photocatalytic, and “antimicrobial” activities was studied. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption analysis. The XRD patterns of all the samples are iden

Charge means something worthwhile, precious and something has price or for something we are ready to suffer and sacrifice. In different terms we can say that Charge means a set of rules or regulations of behaviour. According to Dewey “the Charge means primarily to price, to esteem, to appraise and to estimate”. That means the act of holding something, achieving something and also passing judgment upon nature and amount of Charges as compared to something else. It is really important that teacher

भक्तिकाल के कवियों ने मुख्यतः स्वान्तःसुखाय रचना की। कबीर उसी धारा के महत्त्वपूर्ण कवि हैं। उनकी कविताई एवं समाज-सुधार दोनों का भारतीय जन-मानस पर गहरा प्रभाव पड़ा। हिन्दी आलोचना में उनके दोनों रूपों को लेकर बहस होती रही है। यद्यपि उन्होंने समाज-सुधारक होने की कोई घोषणा नहीं की, पर उनकी रचनाओं में कवित्व और समाज-सुधार दोनों का समावेश मिलता है। तो सवाल है कि कबीर की पहचान किस रूप में की जाए? हिन्दी के आलोचकों ने कबीर का मूल्यांकन किस रूप में किया? कबीर के कवि होने, या समाज-सुधारक होने के विवाद का त

Exercises for fitness are quite good for one's health and fitness. If used improperly by the user, they may also be ineffectual and even harmful. When the user does not adopt the appropriate stance, exercise errors are made. In our work, we provide a software program that recognizes the user's exercise stance and offers customized, in-depth suggestions on how the user can correct their form. People now more often exercise by themselves and without supervision as self-management for the treatment

A chatbot is a computer program that can communicate with people in a human-like manner. You have two options to talk: you can either write or use software that turns your spoken words into written messages. A chatbot is a computer program that tries to talk to people like a human does. Lots of companies use it to respond to customer questions and assist them on the internet. This new system uses a computer program called a chatbot that can find and give helpful answers from the internet. It hel

Since the launch of this new cloud computing technology, its development momentum is unstoppable, and it has had a huge impact on the application service model: from concept to development to practice, cloud computing framework technicians put forward one by one, covering all aspects, and even strive for perfection. computer development, It has always been a research hotspot for enterprises and scholars. This paper first analyzes the current state of cloud computing, cloud resource planning and

One of the growing approaches to clinical research and patient treatment is known as precision medicine. This method focuses on understanding and treating illness by combining multi-modal or multi-omics data from an individual in order to make choices that are suited to the specific needs of the patient. The huge and complicated datasets that were produced by the diagnostic methods used in precision medicine necessitated the development of innovative methodological approaches that could handle a

For instance, the manufacture of some commodities may benefit from the storing of enormous quantities of industrial gas in tanks; nevertheless, if that gas were to be allowed to escape into the atmosphere, it may put the lives of the people and animals that live in the region in danger. Even if this is not the case, the manufacturing process itself may cause damage to the atmosphere due to the emissions of smoke, dust, and other potentially hazardous compounds that come from factories as a resul

The widespread use of mobile smartphones and applications has significantly enhanced human productivity and has revolutionized everyday activities in both personal and business settings. Most business and personal applications have now shifted to mobile platforms due to the numerous benefits that mobile applications offer compared to traditional desktop applications, which present endless opportunities for new ventures. Mobile applications are now an integral part of various devices with differe

Around 285 million people worldwide are visually impaired, including close to 39 million blind people. This has a significant impact on the lives of persons who are blind or visually impaired. Even though numerous attempts have been made to assist those who are blind in seeing objects through alternate senses like touch and sound, text-reading technology is still in its infancy. The system in use right now is either constrained in its application or expensive to maintain. Therefore, we require a

The Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) stands as a significant political entity in the Indian state of Haryana. Founded in 1996 by former Deputy Prime Minister Devi Lal, the party emerged as a formidable force in regional politics, championing the cause of agrarian communities and rural development. Over the years, the party witnessed both triumphs and tribulations, shaping the political landscape of Haryana. This article aims to delve into the history, ideology, achievements, challenges, and the ev

उन्नीसवीं सदी का महान कवि/लेखक/विचारक जो आधी सदी से भी अधिक समय तक आधुनिक साहित्य जगत में देदीप्यमान नक्षत्र ध्रुव तारे के समान चमका और दिन-प्रतिदिन उज्जवलता की ओर बढ़ता गया। गेहुँआ रंग लिए, लम्बे घुँघराले वालों वाला, चिंतकों व दार्शनिकों सी गम्भीरता, मधुर सौम्य मुस्कान, कहानीनुमा आँखें, उस पर मोटे फ्रेम का चश्मा जिनके चेहरे पर रहता था उन्हीं का नाम था हरिवंशराय बच्चन। स्वभाव से कोमल, उदार, शालीन, व्यवहारिक तथा कुशल एवं भावुक। कवि की यही भावुकता मधुशाला में छलक पड़ती है। कवि कह उठता है - भावुकता

Introduction: Electronic human resource management, often known as e-HRM, is being introduced into businesses on the presumption that it will lead to the achievement of the goals set out by the respective businesses. Aim of the study: the main aim of the study is Study the Influence Of E-HRM On Perceptions of Job Satisfaction Material and method: For the purpose of the research, a total of around 227 colleges in Indore and about 250 colleges in Delhi NCR were located. Conclusion: E-HRM is an ext

The advent of social media has revolutionized the marketing landscape, offering small businesses in India unprecedented opportunities to reach and engage with customers. However, these opportunities come with their own set of challenges. This paper examines the opportunities and challenges of social media marketing for small businesses in India. It provides a detailed analysis of the strategies employed, the benefits gained, and the obstacles faced, supported by case studies of successful small

The Fractional Reduced Differential Transform Method (FRDTM) is a powerful and efficient tool for solving fractional differential equations, which frequently arise in various fields such as biology, physics, and engineering. This paper explores the application of FRDTM to three distinct fractional mathematical models: the transmission of nerve impulses through the Fitzhugh-Naguma equation, the time fractional Rosenau-Hyman equation, and a bio-mathematical model for the evolution of smoking habit

By discussing the fundamental ideas and principles that underlie these artificial materials, as well as their capacity to control light and make possible unusual optical phenomena, this paper provides an introduction to photonic crystals. The negative refraction of light, the anomalous electromagnetic dispersion known as the superprism effect, and the possibility of superlensing also known as subwavelength focusing-are just a few examples that we will concentrate on. Because they are based on direct solutions to Maxwell's equations, these very general results may be applicable to numerous fields of science and technology.

और देशों में मिलता है । सृष्टि और प्रलय के अनेक प्रकार के वृत्तान्त प्राचीन ग्रंथों में पाए जाते हैं । प्रलय के दो रूप है, एक महा प्रलय और दूसरा खण्ड प्रलय । कामायनी में प्रसाद ने महाप्रलय घटना से कामायनी की शुरूआत देखने को मिलती है ,महा प्रलय वह होता है, जिसमें कार्य जगत् कारण जगत् में लीन हो जाता है ,कामायनी में यही घटना का वर्णन मिलता है,इस महाप्रलय में सम्पूर्ण सृष्टि का विनाश होकर फिर से नवीन सृष्टि का निर्माण होता है ,कामायनी में मनु के द्वारा महाप्रलय घटना का वर्णन किया है- ‘ हिम गिरि के उत्तुंग शिखर पर, बैठ शिला की शीतल छाँह,एक पुरूष भीगे नयनों से,देख रहा था प्रलय - प्रवाह ! नीचे जल था , ऊपर हिम था,एक तरल था,एक सघन, एक तत्व की प्रधानता, कहो उसे जड़ या चेतन ।.... ’1.सृष्टि का आरम्भ जल से माना जाता है ।

With the rapid advancement of digital image editing tools, manipulating images has become easier than ever. Among various tampering techniques, image splicing—where segments from one or more images are combined into a single composite—remains a prominent method of forgery. The implications of such forgeries are significant, particularly in sensitive domains like journalism, forensics, and social media, where image authenticity is paramount. The growing accessibility of image editing tools has made image splicing a prevalent method of forgery, posing challenges for detection.Passive image forgery detection has gained significant attention in recent years due to the rapid advancements in digital image editing tools. Among various forgery techniques, image splicing remains a common method for tampering. Detecting image splicing presents substantial challenges. This paper proposes a novel algorithm combining deep learning and wavelet transform for spliced image detection. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is utilized for automatic feature extraction, followed by Haar Wavelet Transform (HWT). Support Vector Machine (SVM) is then employed for classification. Additionally, experiments replace HWT with Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The algorithm is evaluated on public datasets (CASIA v1.0 and CASIA v2.0) and demonstrates high accuracy with a compact feature vector. Results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in detecting spliced images with improved performance.

Salt stress is one of the most critical abiotic stresses affecting crop productivity worldwide, including sugarcane, which is essential for biofuel, sugar, and ethanol production. This study investigates the effect of salt stress on callus induction and regeneration in different sugarcane cultivars. Through in vitro experiments, we assessed the growth responses of sugarcane callus under varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl). The primary aim of this research was to explore the correlation between salt tolerance and callus induction efficiency and regeneration potential. The findings indicate cultivar-specific responses to salt stress, with significant differences in callus growth and regeneration frequencies. The study offers insights into the role of tissue culture techniques in improving salt tolerance in sugarcane and paves the way for developing more resilient cultivars through biotechnological methods.

The Himalayan region, characterized by its diverse agro-climatic zones, presents both challenges and opportunities for horticultural activities. This paper explores the sustainable practices in horticulture that can be adopted in the region, identifies the barriers faced by the sector, and highlights the potential for unlocking its benefits in terms of economic development, food security, and environmental sustainability. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable horticulture in improving livelihoods, conserving resources, and ensuring long-term agricultural viability in the face of climate change and environmental degradation.

In the era of digital transformation, data integrity, security, and transparency have become crucial components in various sectors, ranging from finance to healthcare. Blockchain technology, initially introduced as the foundation for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, has evolved beyond its original use case to address broader challenges in data management. This paper explores the role of blockchain in revolutionizing data integrity by providing secure, transparent, and tamper-proof systems for recording and verifying transactions. By decentralizing control and ensuring immutable records, blockchain offers promising solutions to long-standing issues related to data security, trust, and transparency. This paper discusses the underlying principles of blockchain technology, its impact on different industries, and the challenges and future directions for its integration into data security frameworks.

The digital revolution has reshaped consumer behavior in India, with online shopping growing rapidly due to increased internet access, smartphone use, and digital payments. North India—covering states like Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttarakhand—has become a key e-commerce market. This study examines factors influencing online buying behavior, including convenience, trust, discounts, digital literacy, delivery, and peer reviews. Demographic analysis shows younger, urban consumers are more inclined to shop online, while older, rural users remain cautious. The research underscores the importance of personalized marketing, secure payments, and user-friendly platforms, offering insights for businesses and contributing to digital marketing literature.

Employee engagement is a crucial factor for improving performance and retention in the banking sector. This study investigates how various aspects of organizational behavior influence employee engagement among bank employees. Using a survey method, data was collected from employees of multiple banks and analyzed to understand the impact of leadership, communication, motivation, and organizational culture on engagement levels. Results show a significant positive relationship between effective organizational behavior and higher employee engagement. The study recommends that banks focus on enhancing these behavioral factors to build a committed and productive workforce.

In this study, researchers study advanced ways probability is applied by investigating stochastic models and their usefulness in modelling real-life uncertainties. In the research, both mathematical calculations and computer simulation were used to examine the performance of Geometric Brownian Motion, Poisson Processes, Markov Chains and Queuing Theory in finance, healthcare, telecommunications and logistics. Data gathered from actual experiments were used to imitate stochastic effects and models were assessed using Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) and goodness-of-fit tests. Furthermore, performing case studies and sensitivity analyses revealed that these models adjust well and remain reliable in different and fast-moving environments. The findings prove the usefulness of stochastic modelling for making uncertain decisions and add to the current growth in applied probability.

हिन्दी साहित्य की परंपरा में उपन्यास विधा एक ऐसा माध्यम रहा है जिसके द्वारा समाज, संस्कृति, राजनीति और जनजीवन का विस्तृत और यथार्थ चित्रण किया गया है। इस विधा को सशक्त बनाने वाले साहित्यकारों में अमृतलाल नागर का नाम अग्रगण्य है। उन्होंने भारतीय समाज के विभिन्न पक्षों को न केवल उकेरा, बल्कि उसे उसकी सम्पूर्ण सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक और ऐतिहासिक जटिलताओं के साथ प्रस्तुत किया। विशेषतः उनके उपन्यासों में भारतीय लोकसंस्कृति और जनजीवन की जो सजीव छवियाँ उभरकर आती हैं, वे हिन्दी साहित्य को जनसरोकारों की दिशा में ले जाती हैं।