इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य प्रबंधन प्रशिक्षकों के कार्य प्रदर्शन पर नौकरी के तनाव के प्रभाव की जांच करना था। इन कार्यस्थल तनाव कारकों और नौकरी के प्रदर्शन के बीच संबंधों की खोज करना भी एक विशिष्ट उद्देश्य था। अध्ययन के लिए 200 प्रबंधन शिक्षा प्रशिक्षकों से आवश्यक जानकारी एकत्र करने के लिए सुविधा नमूनाकरण का उपयोग किया गया था। वर्णनात्मक आंकड़ों के अनुसार, प्रबंधन शिक्षा शिक्षकों ने काम के तनाव के मध्यम स्तर, नौकरी की सुरक्षा के तनाव के उच्च स्तर और शिफ्ट के काम के तनाव के मध्यम स्तर की सूचना दी। सहसंब

This study investigates the commercial viability and user preferences for organic and bacterial fertilizers in the Nagpur Division, a critical agricultural region in Maharashtra, India. With growing interest in sustainable farming practices, understanding the economic dynamics and adoption drivers of these fertilizers is essential. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, this research evaluates the cost-benefit aspects, market trends, and perc

Agriculture encompasses a wide variety of specialties and techniques, including ways to expand the lands suitable for plant raising by digging water-channels and other forms of irrigation (FAO, 2008). Agriculture is the most important sector of Indian Economy. Indian agriculture sector accounts for 18 per cent of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) and provides employment to 50% of the countries workforce. India is the world’s largest producer of pulses, rice, wheat, spices, and spice products.

उपन्यास में यथार्थवाद सच की खोज करने की कोशिश करता है। वह इस मान्यता पर आधारित है कि मानव जीवन का सच मानव और समाज से उसके सम्बन्ध के बोध के माध्यम से ही पाया जा सकता है। नगरीय जीवन में तो बहुत ही शीघ्र गति से परिवर्तन और विघटन हो रहा है शिक्षा, वैज्ञानिकता, भौतिक सुविधा आदि के कारण मनुष्य अधिकाधिक संवेदनाहीन बन रहा है। इसी कारण मनुष्य में स्थित करुणा, प्रेम, आत्मीयता लुप्त हो गई है और उसका स्थान स्वार्थीवृत्ति, क्रूरता, टूटन आदि ने लिया है। व्यक्ति स्वातंत्र्य और अधिकार की भावना तथा परिवार विघटन

Through an examination of a prominent Indian public sector bank, this article delves into the significance of knowledge management (KM) as a catalyst for organisational transformation. If you want to boost operational efficiency, encourage innovation, and make better decisions, you need knowledge management, which is the act of systematically collecting, storing, sharing, and using organisational information. Successful KM techniques are crucial in the fast-paced and cutthroat world of public se

This study looks at the Vidarbha area of Maharashtra, India, and how its inhabitants' financial literacy is influenced by their socio-economic status. A person's capacity to manage their own finances and the economy as a whole depends on their level of financial literacy. Income, education, employment, age, gender, and geography are some of the socioeconomic factors that may greatly affect its levels. In order to assess the effects of these variables on financial literacy in Vidarbha, this study

Human resource (HR) training programmes have changed a lot as a result of the fast digital transition. Companies now use online and onsite methods to teach employees new skills and increase their productivity. Examining the relative merits of online and onsite training approaches, this study intends to probe the effects of digital transformation on human resources training in the manufacturing industry. Employee engagement, learning results, cost-effectiveness, and programme flexibility are some

If an application needs a response that is both timely and deterministic, then you need an RTOS. To achieve demanding speed and reliability standards, RTOS must have efficient memory management. In order to tackle important problems and difficulties, this study investigates new ways of managing memory in RTOS. We look at the limits of standard memory management strategies in real-time environments and evaluate them. The research emphasises state-of-the-art techniques including hardware-assisted

Using East Vidarbha as a case study, this literature review delves into the complex web of connections between financial security and residents' well-being in nursing facilities. The efficient administration of senior care facilities is becoming more and more important due to the world's ageing population. This calls for a comprehensive strategy that takes financial considerations into account with health, safety, and general welfare. The purpose of this work is to review the literature and draw

As a consequence of HRM's use of information technology, the financial transactions of every company have seen significant alterations. As a consequence of the laws and regulations that govern the market, a market environment that is very competitive has arisen. Workers in both the public and commercial sectors will benefit from human resource management that makes use of information technology in order to enhance their careers. In addition to this, it would concurrently increase both manufactur

प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र मेें ”प्लेटो का शिक्षा सिद्धान्त तथा उसकी वर्तमान युग में प्रासंगिकता” का वर्णन किया गया है। प्लेटो के लिए शिक्षा जीवन की महान चीजों में से एक थी। शिक्षा बुराई को उसके मूल में छूने तथा गलत जीवन जीने के तरीकों के साथ-साथ जीवन के प्रति व्यक्ति के दृष्टिकोण को सुधारने का एक प्रयास था। शिक्षा का उद्देश्य आत्मा को प्रकाश की ओर मोड़ना है। प्लेटो ने एक बार कहा था कि शिक्षा का मुख्य कार्य आत्मा में ज्ञान डालना नहीं है, बल्कि आत्मा में छिपी प्रतिभा को सही उद्देश्यों की ओर निर्देशित करके

भारत में कई सुधारवादी आंदोलन उभरे थे और उन्होंने हिंदू धर्म की भ्रष्ट प्रथाओं के खिलाफ विद्रोह किया था। उनमें से एक होने के नाते 'भक्ति' ने भी इसमें बहुत महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। भक्ति आंदोलन से कई कवि और संत जुड़े हुए हैं और उनमें से सबसे लोकप्रिय संत कबीर दास हैं, जिन्होंने हिंदू धर्म और इस्लाम की कुरीतियों के खिलाफ आंदोलन चलाया और दोनों की आलोचना की। ऐसी आलोचनाओं के आधार पर उन्होंने हिंदू धर्म और इस्लाम दोनों के सकारात्मक तत्वों को लेकर एक नया संश्लेषण पैदा करने की कोशिश की। उन्होंने मुख्य रू

It is vital to comprehend the attitudes and customer insights of Generation Z regarding internet shopping in the current digitalized commercial center. It is therefore crucial to comprehend consumer insights derived from their purchasing behavior and capitalize on the primal emotions that motivate Gen-Z consumers to make purchases in order to guarantee the success of the correspondence campaign. The global, social, visual, and creatively dynamic Gen-Z population has been affected by digital tech

With its extensive agricultural region and energetic communities, rural Haryana has a lot of room to flourish. But a major obstacle to this development is the absence of financial inclusion. Ensuring that everyone has access to basic financial services such as credit, insurance, and savings accounts is referred to by this word. As major participants in the financial system, commercial banks are essential to the empowerment of rural Haryana.This research delves into the obstacles and prospects as

The effectiveness of an organization greatly depends on its ability to engage its workforce, which provides advantages including better teamwork, more output, greater retention rates, fewer turnover, and decreased burnout. More job satisfaction and loyalty result from engaged workers since they feel appreciated and are more willing to contribute outside of their assigned responsibilities. The influence of employee engagement on creativity, productivity, efficiency, and total business expenses is

A woman is a mother, sister, wife, and other role model for men; women ought to be viewed as queens, partners in all spheres of life, and deserving of respect from the general public. Additionally, this essay attempted to illustrate the gender differences in Walker's books as well as her support for women who defy social norms at the time. This essay seeks to elucidate Walker's perspective on the female characters in her books. In reality, Walker attempted to address women's rights in her book a

Several scientific and medical investigations conducted on yoga practitioners over the last several decades have demonstrated the practice's efficacy in treating a variety of medical conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between yoga practice and the mental health of women in Delhi, specifically looking at their stress, anxiety, and depression levels. The world is experiencing the fast pace associated with modern disease right now. A burden, indeed. The effects of

भारत की सबसे प्राचीन ध्यान तकनीकों में से एक विपश्यना को गौतम बुद्ध ने 2500 साल पहले फिर से खोजा था। यह तकनीक आत्म-अवलोकन और शुद्धि पर केंद्रित है, जिससे व्यक्ति चीजों को वैसे ही देख पाता है जैसे वे वास्तव में हैं। विपश्यना का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य मानसिक शुद्धि प्राप्त करना है, जिससे अभ्यासी जीवन के तनावों और समस्याओं का सामना शांत और संतुलित तरीके से कर पाते हैं। अन्य ध्यान तकनीकों के विपरीत, विपश्यना किसी भी धर्म या संप्रदाय से जुड़ी नहीं है, जिससे यह सार्वभौमिक रूप से लाभकारी है। यह निरंतर अभ्या

Aim: The study aimed to analyse the effects of uncorrected astigmatism on the visual functions of corporate staff in Jaipur, India, by ascertaining the lowest degree of astigmatism impacting visual performance. Methods: The study enrolled 1834 adults divided into three age groups. Informed consent was obtained. Data collection adhered to Institutional Review Board protocols at corporate locations in Jaipur, India. Visual acuity was assessed using log MAR charts, and refractive errors were correc

स्वयं सहायता समूह से तात्पर्य किसी विशिष्ट उद्देश्य की पूर्ति हेतु आपसी सहायता से निर्मित उन छोटे एवं स्वैच्छिक समूहों से है जो समस्तरीय व्यक्तियों द्वारा उनकी सामान्य आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति करने, सामान्य समस्याओं अथवा कमियांे से छूटकारा पाने तथा उसमें सामाजिक एवं व्यक्तिगत परिवर्तन लाने हेतु निर्मित होते हैं। इनके निर्माण का पहलकर्त्ता एक-दूसरे से सामाजिक अर्न्तक्रिया तथा सभी सदस्यों के व्यक्तिगत उत्तरदायित्व पर बल देता है। दूसरे शब्दों में, स्वयं सहायता समूह सदस्यों को निर्धनता से मुक्ति दिलाने

Life insurance serves as a critical financial safety net for individuals and their families, providing financial support in times of crisis. However, the handling of life insurance claims is fraught with ethical and legal challenges that can undermine the trust policyholders place in insurers. This paper explores the ethical and legal issues surrounding life insurance claims handling, examining the responsibilities of insurers, the rights of policyholders, and the regulatory framework designed t

The financial services sector has seen significant disruption in recent years due to the introduction of Financial Technology (Fintech) innovations. Major player in the Indian financial sector Angel Broking has employed these technologies to enhance its services and competitiveness. This study looks at how Fintech innovations have affected Angel Broking's traditional banking models. It focuses on how these innovations have affected digitization, customer-centricity, operational changes, and mark

"Drug dependence," stemming from our increasing reliance on technology, poses significant challenges in our modern digital age. This article explores the multifaceted nature of drug dependence, examining its psychological, neurological, and sociocultural dimensions. It delves into the mechanisms driving dug dependence, including psychological reinforcement, neurological reward pathways, and persuasive design techniques employed by technology companies. Additionally, it discusses the societal imp

’’तुलसीदास’’, जन्म रामबोला दुबे के नाम से 1511 में सोरों, दिल्ली सल्तनत (आज के उत्तर प्रदेश, भारत) में हुए, एक प्रसिद्ध वैष्णव हिन्दू संत और कवि थे, जिनकी प्रभु राम के प्रति गहरी भक्ति ने भारतीय साहित्य और धार्मिकता को आकार दिया। उनकी प्रमुख पुस्तक ष्रामचरितमानसष् है, जो अवधी में रामायण का पुनर्वर्णन करती है और आध्यात्मिक और साहित्यिक दोनों क्षेत्रों को जोड़ती है, राम की कहानी को सभी के लिए सुलभ बनाती है। तुलसीदास का जीवन, जिसमें दिव्य हस्तक्षेप और आध्यात्मिक प्रकाशन हैं, उनकी रचनात्मकता और धर्म

Even still, it is amazing how several studies, including classic and contemporary researches, demonstrate notable trends of long-term expansion and growth in businesses with female managers or leaders, indicating that there may be a direct relationship between gender and their inherited effective traits for impactful leadership. The importance of feminine traits or, more specifically, female oriented skillsets, is conclusively demonstrated in this paper through a review of literature, blogs, pub

This study examines how women's empowerment is advanced by Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in the Udhamsingh Nagar District of Uttarakhand. The study assesses the impact of SHGs on several aspects of women's socioeconomic status using a descriptive survey research design and a sample of 100 respondents chosen through stratified random sampling. According to the study, SHGs considerably raise women's self-confidence, improve living standards, increase credit availability, and increase savings. Kolmogorov

In the dynamic banking business, increasing labor efficiency has become more important as a result of rising competition and an emphasis on offering great customer service. In spite of the fact that technology and procedures have seen significant advancements, some financial institutions continue to struggle with inefficiencies as a result of outdated systems, inadequate staff training, and management practices that are less than optimal. Through an in-depth analysis of the practices that are no

This paper examines the effectiveness of semantic enhancement methods in India across healthcare, e-commerce, education, agriculture, and public administration. Tailored ontology mapping approaches and languages like R2O and R2RML have significantly improved data integration and interoperability. Challenges in big data integration and semantic annotation, such as data heterogeneity and scalability, are addressed through innovative solutions like data fusion and machine learning models. Semantic-

This article explores the crucial role of expressed breast milk (EBM) in supporting lactation continuity, particularly for mothers who face challenges in maintaining direct breastfeeding due to professional, personal, or medical circumstances. Expressed breast milk, which is manually or mechanically extracted and stored for later use, offers a flexible and viable alternative for ensuring that infants receive the full nutritional and immunological benefits of breast milk. The article delves into

The key differences between traditional and rational drug discovery methods. Rational drug design focuses on identifying and modulating specific biological targets involved in disease. A crucial criterion for target selection, ensuring the target can be effectively modulated by small molecules. Establishing the link between target modulation and disease modification is essential. Creating a screening assay using purified target protein is a critical step in the drug discovery process. Expanding

Cybercrime refers to illegal activities carried out using computers and the Internet. These crimes can range from stealing personal information and financial fraud to hacking and spreading malicious software. Cybercrime poses significant risks to individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide. Human beings, endowed with unique cognitive abilities, have transformed the world through innovation and adaptation. From basic survival needs to the complexities of modern society, our intellectual pr

After attaining independence in 1947, India's economy has developed from an agricultural foundation to a prominent global economy, propelled by several legislative changes and a substantial economic liberalization in 1991. By evaluating the impact of historical occurrences including land reforms, trade liberalization, and the Green Revolution on income distribution, this research seeks to examine the development of income inequality in India. In addition to looking at the larger effects on econo

This research examines how Big Data Analytics (BDA) might be used to improve risk management tactics in the banking industry, with a particular emphasis on a case study of a small credit institution. The study emphasizes the noteworthy advancements achieved by the bank in creating an intricate data architecture that facilitates complex predictive and prescriptive analytics, enhancing risk evaluation and decision-making procedures. Although the organization hasn't fully embraced BDA technologies,

Postnatal depression (PND) is a prevalent but often misunderstood mental health condition that affects many new mothers worldwide. Unlike the temporary "baby blues," PND is a more severe and prolonged form of depression that can have significant emotional, psychological, and social consequences for both the mother and her family. Despite its impact, PND is frequently underreported and underdiagnosed, largely due to stigma, societal expectations, and a lack of awareness. This article aims to brea

वर्तमान अध्ययन एक प्रयोगात्मक शोध है जो पंजाब के जालंधर जिले में किया गया है। शोधकर्ता ने सरल यादृच्छिक नमूना तकनीक का उपयोग करके रॉयल कॉन्वेंट स्कूल के 60 हाई स्कूल छात्रों को शामिल किया है। प्रयोग करने के लिए, शोधकर्ता ने दो समूहों का यादृच्छिक पूर्व-परीक्षण और पश्चात-परीक्षण डिजाइन का उपयोग किया। डेटा संग्रह के लिए, शोधकर्ता ने एक उपलब्धि परीक्षण का निर्माण और मानकीकरण किया, और डेटा के विश्लेषण और व्याख्या के लिए टी-टेस्ट का भी उपयोग किया। अध्ययन के परिणाम बताते हैं कि स्मार्ट कक्षा शिक्षण वा

This study examines the relative merits of Ultrasonic Testing (UT) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for assessing flaws in composite materials. A comparative examination of flaws in composites produced with standard and improved techniques is the focus of this research. Type, size, and position of defects were analyzed, and the results showed that fractures are the most common defect, followed by voids, fiber misalignment, and delamination. Optimized production procedures dramatically redu

This paper aims to explore the impact of in vitro techniques on developing disease-resistant varieties of economically significant crops, such as tobacco and sugarcane. The purpose is to evaluate advancements in plant tissue culture, genetic engineering, and other biotechnological methods that have improved plant multiplication, genetic uniformity, and disease resistance. The methods discussed include CRISPR-Cas9 for precise genetic modifications, somaclonal variation, and marker-assisted select

This paper introduces a multistage approach for the "Concealed Information Test" utilizing wavelet transform, k-means clustering, and a multilayer feed-forward neural network. The approach is designed to analyze the P300 Event-Related Potential (ERP) component of EEG signals recorded during a mock crime scenario, as detailed in the previous chapter. The wavelet transform is employed to extract both time and frequency information from raw EEG data. The k-means algorithm then clusters the wavelet

This study assesses the effectiveness of a school-based support program meant to reduce anxiety and sadness among children from split households. Utilizing a pre-test/post-test approach, the research involved testing participants' anxiety and depression levels before and after the program. The sample comprised of 10 youngsters who were tested using standardized anxiety and depression questionnaires. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in average anxiety levels from 25.0 to 20.5 and in a

The combination of blockchain, AI, and IoT is transforming industries. Blockchain provides safe, transparent data management, AI enables intelligent analysis of IoT data, and IoT generates important real-time insights. This integration is leading to breakthroughs in supply chain management, healthcare, smart cities, and more, boosting efficiency, security, and decision-making processes. This study investigates the convergence of Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Thing

The application of modern components such as soil moisture sensors, weather-based controls, and data analytics platforms in smart irrigation technologies is revolutionizing the management of water in dry agricultural operations. These technologies also improve sustainability and efficiency. Proper irrigation is made possible by the precise readings of soil water provided by soil moisture sensors, which include resistive, capacitive, and time-domain reflectometry (TDR) kinds. While data analytics

Waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies offer an effective solution to the growing solid waste management challenge in India by converting waste into renewable energy. This paper explores bio-based technologies for WtE conversion, focusing on microbial digestion, biofuel production, and biogas generation. A case study of Indian cities’ waste management systems highlights successful examples and policy implications. This research aims to identify sustainable pathways for energy recovery from waste and

In this research, we explore an integrated framework for enhancing data privacy and classification accuracy using data perturbation techniques in privacy-preserving data mining. The study focuses on employing three perturbation strategies—geometric perturbation, rotation perturbation, and random projection—on datasets to obscure sensitive information while maintaining the utility of the data for predictive modeling. These perturbation techniques are applied to multidimensional datasets from the

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) Act, 2012, was enacted in India to provide a comprehensive framework for the legal protection of children against sexual abuse. Despite its progressive nature, the application of the POCSO Act reveals disparities based on gender and class, particularly in the prosecution of cases involving underprivileged children. This research paper examines these disparities and the socio-economic factors that influence the legal outcomes of sexual haras

The primary objective of this research is to develop and evaluate Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven tools that enhance learning experiences and educational outcomes across various educational stages. By doing so, this study seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education and provide practical solutions for educators and policymakers striving to improve educational practices. In summary, this research embarks on a comprehensive exploration of Ar

The textile sector, which is characterized by intricate supply chains and constantly shifting consumer demands, is relying more and more on cutting-edge technologies to boost productivity and keep a competitive edge. This research investigates how cloud-based enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in the textile industry can be integrated with big data analytics. This connection allows for real-time insights and well-informed decision-making by utilizing the massive volumes of data created t

The present study has offered immense scope and opportunities for the development of new medicine (drug). Some well has known modern drugs have been developed through ethnic (folklore) and traditional system of medicine. However, out of 1000 medicinal plant, only 15-20 % have so for been used for development of ethnobotanical sources for drugs by the ethnic (tribal) people in the Amarkantak area., A report only one specie Ethnomedicinal plant of “Kewanch I Kemach” (Mucuna. prurita Hook, syn P. pruriens Bak. FI. Br. Ind. DC.), family (Fabaceae) is present here.

This study compares the effects of values, socioemotional school atmosphere, and emotional intelligence on secondary school pupils in Dehradun. Using simple random sampling, a sample of 110 secondary school students from Raipur Block was chosen, including 50 male and 60 female participations. The Social Maturity Scale by Dr. Nalini Rao and the Emotional Maturity Scale by Dr. Tara Sabapathy were utilized in the study to collect data. The mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used in the statistical analysis. The results show a substantial at P<0.01 positive association between social maturity (Mean = 230.90, SD = 20.36) and emotional maturity (Mean = 135.26, SD = 11.00). Male students also show a significant association (r = 0.35, P<0.05), according to gender-specific studies, whereas female students show a larger correlation (r = 0.7, P<0.04). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the social maturity of male and female students, with the form

The formulation strategies for enhancing the dissolution rates of fast-dissolving antiemetic tablets are studied, particularly with respect to Ondansetron. This is because, despite its wide application as an antiemetic drug, it has poor aqueous solubility and hence suboptimal bioavailability. Thus, a comprehensive approach has been adopted in which various excipients, namely superdisintegrants (Sodium starch glycolate, Crosscarmellose sodium), solubilizers (Poloxamer 188, Tween 80), and binders (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone) have been employed to optimize the formulation. The formulation of fast-dissolving tablets was based on a 2^2 factorial design, evaluating the effects of superdisintegrant and solubilizer concentrations on the dissolution rate of Ondansetron and prepared using the direct compression method. The characterization for the tablets was done by weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution study. SSG content with 6%

सीमावर्त्ती क्षेत्र विविध प्रभावों के अधीन हैं। किसी देश की परिधि अत्यंत संवेदनशील होती है। हमें उन पर विशेष ध्यान देने की जरूरत है। ऐसा करने में चूक का नतीजा देश की सुरक्षा और समृद्धि के लिए गंभीर हो सकता है। एक व्यवस्थित, शांतिपूर्ण, अपेक्षाकृत खुली सीमा-व्यवस्था सुरक्षा और समृद्धि के स्रोत हैं। यही कारण है कि दुनिया के कई क्षेत्रों में व्यापार और मानव यातायात के लिए सीमाओं को अपेक्षाकृत खुली और मुक्त रखने का प्रयास किया जाता है। सीमाएं पड़ोसियों को परिभाषित करती हैं और उनके साथ संबंधों को प्रभावित करती हैं। पूर्वोत्तर भारतीय राज्यों में सीमा विवाद सीमावर्ती क्षेत्रों की अपनी समस्याएं और ख़ासियतें हैं। अधिकतर आबादी के अवैध घुसपैठ के कारण उनके आर्थिक और पर्यावरणीय संसाधनों पर दबाव रहता है। इसके अलावा, लचर व्यवस्था के कारण सीमा पार से नशीली दवाओं के तस्करों सहित अपराधियों के लिए सीमा पार अवैध रूप से आने जाने को सक्षम बनाती है। इस लेख में हमने बताया है की पूर्वोत्तर भारत में कौन से ऐसे राज्य हैं जो सीमा विवाद से घीरे हुए हैं तथा क्यों सांस्कृतिक और जातीय विविधता होने के बावजूद संघर्ष

शिक्षा मानव मन के अंधकार को मिटाकर उसके अन्तर्मन को प्रकाशित करती है। उसी प्रकार से मनुष्य को एक विशेष दृष्टि मिलती है उसी दिशा को जीवन की ज्योति भी कहा जाता है जो हमें सांसारिक सच से रूबरू करती है। यह जीवन शिक्षा से ही संभव है। शिक्षा मानव सभ्यता एवं संस्कृति के विकास की वाहक है, जो किसी भी राष्ट्र व समाज के विकास की दिशा को निर्धारित करती है। परिवर्तन एक शाश्वत प्रक्रिया है, यह परिस्थिति जन्य है जो समय के अनुसार परिवर्तित होती रहती है। अतः शिक्षा भी युग व कालें के अनुसार विभिन्न सोपानों को पा

The Indian IT sector plays a pivotal role in the global information technology landscape, contributing significantly to economic growth, employment generation, and innovation. This research paper focuses on the productivity trends in three leading Indian IT companies—Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Wipro, and HCL Technologies—through a financial lens. By analysing key financial indicators, this paper evaluates the correlation between financial health and productivity in these companies over the last decade. The study uses financial data such as revenue, profit margins, employee costs, and productivity ratios to derive insights into how financial well-being impacts overall productivity.

The aim of this study is to examine Telangana's path to becoming the 29th state of India on June 2, 2014, within the context of sociopolitical struggle, resilience, and regional identity. In comparison to the more affluent coastal Andhra areas, it looks at the historical background, social inequalities, and cultural dynamics that fuelled the demand for independent statehood, emphasizing complaints about economic exploitation and cultural neglect. With its focus on student activism, cultural revivalism, and the Telangana Rashtra Samithi's (TRS) political activities, the Telangana movement became a powerful voice for regional recognition and self-governance. The study demonstrates how the pursuit of statehood was intimately related to more general concerns of social justice, economic independence, and cultural preservation by examining significant occasions, significant personalities, and the movement's ideological underpinnings. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of l

This research examines the biotoxicological effects of the herbicide 2,4-D in Eutyphoeus waltoni, with special emphasis on the soil and feed materials effects on worm survival. Thus, an experiment was designed to conduct a range of concentrations (LC10, LC50, LC90) for a period of 48 hours and also 72 hours using several types of soil; namely BD + W, silt BD + Gb, BD + Ws + Gb, loamy, clay and sandy soils. It was found that the longer the exposure to the herbicide, 2-4-D the more toxic it becomes, and the highest LC50 being recorded also in the BD+Ws+Gb soil mix, inferring that earthworms in that medium are more vulnerable. Nevertheless, sand frosted earth was found to have the least vulnerability level, probably because it retained the least amount of the herbicide. These results venture beyond the rationale of efficacy of herbicides in that they highlight the need for localized studies for each use of a herbicide since the composition of the soil determines toxicity and effects on th

This research explores the role of grammar resources emerging from the region in school practice at the middle school level, especially in Sikkim and North Bengal. Such a demand for regional contextualized learning resources is particularly felt in these regions where the linguistic diversity is relatively more pronounced and the local languages are grossly underrepresented in the mainstream curriculum. The study investigates the impact of regionally specific grammar resources, constructed to fit the peculiarities of the region's language and the cultural contexts within them, on student learning outcomes and language acquisition. The research bases its argument on how standardized grammar resources cannot be used in regional dialects and styles of learning, largely through surveys of teachers and middle school students. Talking about the benefits of locally produced resources includes high pupil engagement rates, deeper understanding of the concepts of grammar, and enrichment in the d

This study looks into how in-service training affects the caliber of secondary education and the effectiveness of teachers in Bihar. The research evaluates the impact of many training programs (Programs A, B, C, and D) on improving teaching abilities and student learning outcomes using a mixed-methods methodology. 130 classrooms had their student performance assessed, and 450 instructors in all took part in the training. After training, quantitative data showed a considerable improvement in teacher abilities and student outcomes, with Program C producing the greatest benefits. Key issues with present training programs were brought to light by qualitative insights gathered via focus groups and interviews, including out-of-date materials and a lack of practical training. The results highlight the beneficial association between high-quality education and efficient in-service training, highlighting the necessity of program modifications to further promote teacher development and raise stud

Introduction: The idea of corporate governance, which places an emphasis on responsibility and openness within the system, is becoming more popular in India. Aim of the study: the main aim of the study is Corporate Governance And Financial Performance Of Select Industries Material and method: The effect of corporate governance practices on company financial performance is examined by modifying EBIT over a period of eight years (2012-2020). Conclusion: In this section, we look at how different Corporate Governance Practices might affect a company's bottom line.

इस सार में भारतीय महिला उपन्यासकारों के लेखन का महत्वपूर्ण पहलू बताया गया है, जिसमें वे महिला चेतना और सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक मुद्दों पर ध्यान केंद्रित करती हैं। ये लेखिकाएं अपने लेखन के माध्यम से न केवल महिला उत्पीड़न और हाशिए पर रहने वाली महिलाओं के बारे में बात करती हैं, बल्कि विकास, आत्म-जागरूकता, वैश्वीकरण और प्रौद्योगिकी जैसे आधुनिक मुद्दों पर भी विचार करती हैं। कई महिला लेखक, जैसे अरुंधति रॉय, किरण देसाई और झुंपा लाहिड़ी, ने अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर पुरस्कार प्राप्त किए हैं, जो भारतीय साहित्य के लिए गर्व का कारण है। इसके अलावा, डायस्पोरिक महिला उपन्यासकार अपने खोए हुए मातृभूमि की यादों के माध्यम से अपनी कहानियों को प्रस्तुत करती हैं, जैसा कि सलमान रुश्दी के शब्दों में देखा गया है।

This Research provides a detailed analysis into intuitionistic fuzzy ideals, with a particular emphasis on the investigation of contradictory translations and algebraic features across a variety of algebraic structures. In this particular investigation, the foundation is comprised of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, which are well-known for their capacity to model uncertainty. Within the framework of intuitionistic fuzzy set theory, the research investigates the fundamental operation of contradictory translations, further investigating the consequences that this operation has for intuitionistic fuzzy ideals. In addition, the research goes beyond the conventional algebraic settings to investigate the behavior of intuitionistic fuzzy ideals over a wide variety of algebraic structures, such as semigroups and rings. This research adds to both theoretical knowledge and practical applications in sectors where uncertainty plays a prominent role. It does this by revealing the subtle links that exist

Low household income, lack of formal higher education, low occupational status, and parental participation are among the many factors that greatly affect children's academic ability. Particularly for youngsters, the combination of a low income and an incomplete secondary education is a strong predictor of poor psychological, emotional, and intellectual health. This indicates that when parents who have been successful in school help and direct their children to do the same, the outcomes will be highly encouraging. Physics is notable for its heavy emphasis on practical application, the long hours of dedicated study, and the need for laser-like concentration. Therefore, it is imperative that all house components be flexible enough to accommodate the subject matter's unique qualities. The pupils' academic success could be at jeopardy if this doesn't happen. The term "peer groups" is often bandied about when people talk about health. a group of people who are similar to one another in terms

Cervical Cancer is the fourth most normal female threat internationally and means a significant overall wellbeing challenge. An expected 527,600 cases and 265,700 passings happen overall because of cervical malignant growth. In emerging nations, it is the second most commonly analyzed disease after breast malignant growth and the third driving beginning of disease related passing after bosom and cellular breakdowns in the lungs. To adapt to this is difficult yet when one finds out about it the initial step can be taken is to be educated regarding the progressions that might happen and what assets are accessible to help and to adapt. Doing so can give a more noteworthy feeling of control. Cervical malignant growth and its treatment can change what you look like and feel about yourself. Realize you're in good company by they way you feel. Adapting to these progressions can be hard. Yet, over the long run, the vast majority figure out how to acclimate to them and push ahead.

Throughout human history, psychoactive substances have played a significant role, with early records depicting their usage. Over time, it has become clear that certain individuals engage in excessive drug consumption, leading to associated problems. In recent decades, research efforts and treatment interventions have notably increased. Despite this, the precise causes of substance abuse disorders remain elusive. Current evidence suggests a multifaceted interplay between biological predispositions, psychological factors, and social influences. Research predominantly indicates that genetic factors play a substantial role, especially in individuals with severe abuse patterns. This highlights the complex nature of substance abuse disorders and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive approaches to understanding and addressing them.

Obstetric emergencies are perilous ailments that happen in pregnancy or during or after labor or delivery and it is the main source of maternal and perinatal mortality which contains 46% of maternal mortality in around the world. The dynamic and proper administration by medical services staff might prompt abatement mortality. Pregnant ladies who need serious consideration are an interesting what's more, unmistakable gathering of patients where it is essential to rapidly perceive what is happening and guarantee fast mediation. Great information on restoration methodology in these patients is basic for the fruitful treatment. Despite the way that crisis circumstances in pregnant ladies are all around depicted, and the techniques for their treatment are by and large acknowledged, there is still an exceptionally high level of mortality in this gathering of patient Obstetric crises allude to clinical circumstances that require prompt mediations to forestall mortality or dismalness to a moth

Psychosomatic issues are those issues where the visionary parts are colossal for beginning substance, physiological, or basic alteration, which hence a few infections are connected with pressure that called by psychosomatic. That is, they inescapable incorporate the characters response (mind) to a physical (soma). In any case, in specific ailments, we can grasp the connection of our body with the psyche by the ternion during actual work. There is a real relationship between what the mind is thinking and those bits of the frontal cortex that control typical actual cycles. The psyche is by and by related with the endocrine structure, which secretes synthetics or manufactured substances that can affect one's energetic prosperity. Contemplations and sentiments as they are produced inside the psyche the flood of chemicals from the endocrine framework, which as a result control quite a bit of what happens inside the body. As well as treating the actual side effects, there are techniques that

Stroke is associated with a high rate of disability and mortality, and survivors are usually affected by dysphagia, aphasia, motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, depression, and other complications. In the past decades, many studies have been conducted to reveal the pathogenesis and pathological mechanisms of stroke. Furthermore, treatment methods developed that contribute to the elevated survival rate of stroke patients. Early rehabilitation poststroke is becoming recognised as essential and has been increasing attention to improving the patient's quality of life. As an emerging method of poststroke rehabilitation, music therapy can help attenuate dysphagia and aphasia, improve cognition and motor function, alleviate negative moods, and accelerate neurological recovery in stroke patients. This review helps summarise the recent progress made using music therapy in stroke rehabilitation and is aimed at providing clinical evidence for treating stroke patients. (2) Stroke can be appr

डॉ अमिता दुबे का नाम लेते ही एक ऐसा व्यक्तित्व सामने उभरकर आता है जो एक समय में जहाँ एक ओर कुशल कहानीकार हैं, सधी हुयी उपन्यासकार और भावुक कवयित्री हैं वहीं दूसरी ओर इस व्यक्तित्व से परे चिंतनशील आलोचक, विचारवान समीक्षक भी हैं। अमिता दुबे नें आलोचना के साथ ही विविध विधाओं की कृतियों की समीक्षा भी की है जो उनके द्वारा रचित पांच पुस्तकों ‘कविता की आहटें’, ‘कविता की पदचाप’, ‘कविता की अनुगूंज’, ‘कविता की प्रतिध्वनि’ और ‘कहानी की करवटें’ में संकलित है। प्रत्येक पुस्तक का कलेवर अलग है।

This study aims to assess the impact of electronic media on obesity among school children in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The rapid increase in the use of electronic devices such as smartphones, computers, and television has raised concerns about their role in contributing to unhealthy lifestyle habits, including sedentary behavior and poor dietary patterns. A total of 30 students from Ashokapuram Higher Secondary School, Coimbatore, were selected using convenient sampling. Data was collected through a self-structured questionnaire that assessed the frequency and duration of media usage, along with its potential influence on obesity indicators such as physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits. The Body Mass Index (BMI) of participants was calculated to classify obesity levels. The results revealed that a significant proportion of the participants exhibited high impact from electronic media use, with 75% of male and 64% of female students showing a high correlation with obesity. Additi

The increasing vulnerability of print materials in libraries due to environmental factors, mishandling, and aging necessitates the adoption of digital preservation technologies. This study explores the opportunities and challenges of implementing digital technology for the preservation of print collections in degree college libraries in East Midnapur, West Bengal. By employing qualitative and quantitative research methods, the paper identifies key technological solutions, infrastructural needs, and policy frameworks while addressing the barriers libraries face. Recommendations are provided to enable effective digital preservation strategies.

General elections in India, being one of the largest democratic exercises globally, are inherently complex and influenced by numerous socio-political factors. Predicting election outcomes accurately is crucial for understanding the pulse of the nation and aiding decision-making processes. In this paper, we propose a mathematical approach for data analysis to predict general elections in India. Leveraging mathematical methods such as statistical analysis, machine learning, and predictive modeling, we aim to provide insights into the electoral dynamics of the country. By analyzing historical data, demographic patterns, socio-economic indicators, and political factors, our approach seeks to enhance the accuracy of election predictions, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the democratic process in India. The prediction of general elections in India is a complex task due to the country's diverse socio-political landscape and the vast amount of data involved. In this paper, we

A popular catchphrase in development plans is Public-Private Partnership (PPP), which has been the newest development mantra in many developing and developed nations over the past few decades. Even nations that for a long time forbade the private sector from playing any part in development have opened up to the concept of PPP and are now supporting it in the majority of their initiatives. A public-private partnership (PPP, 3P, or P3) is widely understood to be a cooperative agreement between two or more public and private sectors, usually lasting a long time. Throughout history, governments have employed a combination of public and private initiatives. Many economies are using PPP in a variety of infrastructure development domains, including the construction of roads, railroads, airports, and so forth. Not only that, but PPP is also being expanded to other areas of human development, including health, and even to activities that pertain to poverty alleviation, as well as education, esp

Non-pharmacological methods for pain management during labor provide comprehensive treatment by targeting the physical, emotional, and psychological dimensions of pain, fostering a feeling of autonomy and engagement in the delivery experience. Methods like regulated respiration, physical movement, hydrotherapy, massage, and the use of thermal agents provide efficient analgesia devoid of the adverse effects linked to pharmaceuticals. Emotional and psychological support, including mindfulness, visualization, and ongoing reinforcement from partners or careers, significantly bolsters mother confidence and contentment. These techniques diminish the need for medical interventions, abbreviate labor periods, and promote a favorable delivery experience. Their efficacy, however, is contingent upon sufficient prenatal education and the readiness of healthcare practitioners to incorporate these strategies into their practice. With enough training and support, non-pharmacological approaches may enh

By applying focused pressure to reflex spots on the feet that represent different organs and bodily systems, foot reflexology is an age-old therapeutic technique that encourages holistic recovery. This non-invasive therapy has several advantages, including analgesia, stress alleviation, better circulation, and improved immunological response, making it an excellent adjunctive treatment for ailments such as chronic pain, anxiety, and post-operative recovery. Recent studies validate its effectiveness in addressing physical and psychological health, with several patients indicating enhanced well-being and quality of life. Reflexology is a beneficial self-care practice within a comprehensive wellness strategy, promoting relaxation and equilibrium, and enhancing general health when included into a balanced regimen.

This paper examines the foreign policy of Indira Gandhi, focusing on her ability to blend pragmatism with realism to navigate the complex geopolitical landscape of her time. As a transformative leader, Gandhi's decisions were informed by a clear understanding of India’s national interests, a commitment to sovereignty, and the necessity of maintaining regional stability. By analyzing key events such as the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, the Indo-Soviet Treaty, and the Pokhran nuclear test, this study highlights how Gandhi's strategic vision defined India’s foreign relations. The paper argues that her approach was characterized by a pragmatic pursuit of peace, coupled with a realist acknowledgment of power dynamics and security imperatives.

Due to the dual responsibilities of home and work management, it can be difficult for working mothers to meet and maintain balance. While men have not contributed equally to household chores, women are working to share the financial burden that was previously shared by both genders. The majority of the time, the well-being of working mothers is neglected in order to balance and manage both roles. As a result, the study focuses on the present mental and physical health of working mothers. The purpose of the structured questionnaire was to achieve the study's goals. 16o above responses were gathered from working mothers who are employed in private, government, and semi-government organizations out of the 200 mothers who were contacted. Optional sources were likewise used to figure out the hole and different point of view of the review. The review is directed in the age gathering of 31-40 years, 29% from the age gathering of 41-50. Around 64.1% of the functioning ladies were utilized in confidential associations, 17.9% were essential for government association. The remaining 2.6 percent worked in jobs classified as "other miscellaneous." Some of the questions in the questionnaire about physical health show that over half of working mothers have low energy and don't get enough sleep, and 42% of working mothers have health problems after childbirth. It's important to create a positive work and home environment. The assistance of coworkers, friends, and family members is essential. The procedures of work from home, flexi time, childcare offices can help keep up with the balance between fun and serious activities for working moms. In order to raise better citizens and provide mothers with a healthier environment, society must improve.

Most of the current educational curriculum is oriented towards the use of eyesight, hence, individuals, who are visually impaired experience challenges when acquiring education. The challenges experienced by visually impaired can be resolved by the use of technologies, materials, devices and equipment. The availability of human assistance in making them understand the concepts and taking exams is vital. The main areas that have been taken into account in this research paper are, visual impairment and its impact on learning, adaptive teaching methods for students with visual impairments, challenges experienced by students with visual impairments, challenges experienced by teachers in working with visually impaired students, aspects of learning of visually impaired students and resolution strategies.

The study examines the efficacy of campaign-based learning strategies in Indian social work education, emphasizing how these approaches mold students' abilities, viewpoints, and preparedness to tackle challenging social issues. In India, traditional social work education has mostly taken place in classrooms, prioritizing theoretical knowledge over real-world application. Nonetheless, a growing understanding of the need for experiential learning strategies that immerse students in actual community challenges is reflected in recent pedagogical shifts toward campaign-driven learning. This study investigates how social work curricula at various Indian institutions incorporate campaign-based initiatives, such as health awareness campaigns, poverty alleviation programs, and rights advocacy campaigns. The study's qualitative examination of observations, interviews, and curriculum evaluations shows that campaign-based learning greatly improves students' communication, empathy, and critical thinking abilities while also providing them with According to research, this method not only equips students for successful social work practice but also cultivates a more community-focused and culturally aware mindset, which is crucial for navigating India's varied social environments. In its conclusion, the study discusses the implications for policy and future research into experiential education models in social work, as well as suggesting curriculum frameworks that facilitate campaign-based learning.

स्वतंत्रता के पूर्व तक भारतीय कृषि की दशा अत्यन्त दयनीय तथा असंतोषप्रद थी। प्रति श्रमिक दर एवं प्रति हेक्टेयर कृषि उत्पाद दर अत्यन्त निचले स्तर पर थी। कृषि उत्पादन की दर निचले स्तर पर होने के कारण राष्ट्र के निवासियों की अनिवार्य आवश्यकता अर्थात् भूख को संतुष्ट करने तक का अनाज भी उत्पादित नहीं हो पाता था। स्वतंत्रता के उपरांत राष्ट्र में विद्यमान खाद्यान्न वस्तु की कमी को दूर करने के लिए कृषि विकास पर बल प्रदान किया गया। वर्ष 1966 मंे उदय हुए हरित क्रांति के फलतः भारतीय कृषि की दयनीय दशा में सकारात्मक सुधार हुआ। कृषि कार्य को सम्पादित करने के लिए आधुनिक तकनीक को महत्ता प्रदान की गई, उन्नत बीजों के उपयोग में अभिवृद्धि हुई, उर्वरकों एवं कीटनाशकों के प्रयोग में गुणात्मक रूप से सुधार हुआ है। इसके अतिरिक्त परम्परागत कृषि यंत्र के स्थान पर कृषक वर्ग द्वारा आधुनिक कृषि यंत्रों के उपयोग में अभिवृद्धि हुई है। सिंचाई के साधनों में भी सकारात्मक परिवर्तन हुआ है। हरित क्रांति से पूर्व तक कृषक वर्ग द्वारा सिंचाई कार्य परम्परागत स्त्रोत जैसे कुएँ, तालाब, डीजल पम्प इत्यादि के द्वारा किया जाता था। वर्तमान में सिंचाई कार्य विद्युत पम्प, नलकूप, नहरों इत्यादि के द्वारा किया जा रहा है। हरित क्रांति के उदय होने से कृषि के संस्थागत एवं तकनीकी परिवर्तन के साथ - साथ सघन एवं विस्तृत कृषि कार्य के फलतः कृषि उपज उत्पादन में आशातीत अभिवृद्धि हो रही है। कृषि संबंधी कार्य जो परम्परागत विधि के अंतर्गत एक जोड़ी बैल और हल के माध्यम से 10 दिन में परिपूर्ण किया जाता था। वह कृषि कार्य वर्तमान में आधुनिक कृषि तकनीक के अभिन्न अंग ट्रेक्टर के माध्यम से एक दिन में परिपूर्ण किया जा रहा है। इस प्रकार हरित क्रांति के उदय होने से भारतीय कृषि कृषक वर्ग के लिए जीवन यापन का स्त्रोत मात्र ही नहीं रह गई है, वरन् औद्योगिक विकास का एक श्रेष्ठतम माध्यम तथा कृषक वर्ग के सुख - समृद्धि का आधार भी बन गई है। कृषि उपज उत्पादनकर्ता कृषक वर्ग द्वारा परम्परागत कृषि संसाधनों के स्थान पर आधुनिक कृषि संसाधनों के द्वारा कृषि कार्य को सम्पादित करने से न्यूूनतम कृषि लागत में अधिकतम कृषि उपज उत्पादन की प्राप्त की जा रही है। समूचित कृषि उपज विपणन व्यवस्था के माध्यम से कृषि उपज उत्पादनकर्ता कृषक वर्ग को कृषि उपज के अनुरूप उचित मूल्य की प्राप्ति हो रही है। कृषि उपज उत्पादन के अनुरूप उचित मूल्य की प्राप्ति से कृषि लाभदायकता में अभिवृद्धि, कृषि विकास को अभिव्यक्त कर रही हैै।

Introduction: Pregnancy is one of the most important things in a woman's life, and she should enjoy it, particularly if it is indeed her first time. Mothers have high expectations during their first pregnancy and assume that a safe delivery and a healthy pregnancy are essential. She requires attention, which includes routine check-ups with a medical professional to keep an eye on the mother's and the developing baby's health. Objectives 1. To assess the pretest knowledge on antenatal care during the during pregnancy among primi mothers at selected maternity hospitals, Bangalore. 2.To evaluate the effectiveness of power point teaching on antenatal care during pregnancy among primi mothers at selected maternity hospitals, Bangalore.3. To associate the pretest knowledge score with their selected demographic variables among primi mothers at selected maternity hospitals, Bangalore.Research approach: The objective of the study's quasi-experimental approach was found to be suitable for assessing the knowledge on antenatal care Research design in the study one group pretest-post-test is used Settings: selected maternity hospitals Bangalore Sample size: which consists of 60 reproductive age group women. Population: - primi pregnant mothers. Independent variable power point teaching Dependent variables knowledge on antenatal care Demographic variables Age, gestational weeks, type of family, religion, language, education, occupation, married life Population: - primi pregnant mothers. Structured questionnaire was used and inferential and descriptive statists were used for analysing of data. Results In pretest 20% of the samples were having inadequate knowledge ,80%of the samples were in Moderate knowledge, none of the samples were having Adequate Knowledge. In post-test42% of the samples were having moderate knowledge, 58%of the samples were in adequate knowledge. x2(1) =3.841, P<0.05 x2(2) =5.991, P<0.05and x2(3) =7.815, P<0.05Discussion: The study explains that pretest knowledge scores are lesser than the posttest knowledge score hence stated hypothesis H1: there will be knowledge on antenatal care during pregnancy among primi mothers at selected maternity hospitals, Bangalore is rejected. And stated hypothesis H2: there is an association between the pretest knowledge score with their selected demographic variables among primi mothers at selected maternity hospitals, Bangalore is rejected because there is no significant association with pretest knowledge scores with

Adolescents' psychological health is essential because it establishes the framework for their social, emotional, and mental growth. Adolescence is a period of profound emotional transformation. Adolescents who are psychologically well are better able to handle these changes with stability, emotional control, and resilience, which promotes improved mental health. Self-worth and self-esteem are crucial during adolescence, when people are attempting to define their identities and self-concepts, and they are improved by psychological well-being. The purpose of the current study is to determine how successful structured education programs are at enhancing the psychological health of Adolescent students. A Convenient sampling procedure was used to choose the approximately 60 teenage pupils who took part. The samples were evaluated using the Ryff psychological wellbeing measure (18-item version). One group pretest and post-test design was used for the pre-experiment. The sample's mean pretest psychological well-being score is 42.35, with a standard deviation of 18.78, according to the statistical analysis data. The sample's mean post test score for psychological well-being is 81.11, with a standard deviation of 21.82. At the p<0.05 level, the computed t value of 10.42 was statistically significant. Therefore, the study came to the conclusion that a structured psychological wellbeing education program improves the mental health and well-being of teenage pupils. It also suggested that this program be implemented in a wider range of settings and with a broader population.

The institution of marriage has undergone significant transformations in recent years, driven by shifting societal values, changing demographics, and evolving individual expectations. As a result, the traditional notion of marriage as a lifelong commitment between a man and a woman is no longer the only dominant form of union. The rise of same-sex marriage, increasing rates of divorce and remarriage, and growing acceptance of non-traditional family structures have all contributed to a redefinition of what marriage means in contemporary society. Furthermore, the decline of traditional gender roles and the increasing economic independence of women have led to a shift away from marriage as a solely economic arrangement, and towards a more emotional and personal understanding of partnership. As the landscape of marriage continues to evolve, it is essential to examine the complex and multifaceted nature of this institution, and to consider the ways in which it is adapting to the changing needs and values of individuals and society as a whole.

पारंपरिक प्रशिक्षण और प्लायोमेट्रिक प्रशिक्षण दोनों ही खेलों में खिलाड़ियों के शारीरिक और मानसिक प्रदर्शन को सुधारने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। पारंपरिक प्रशिक्षण का मुख्य उद्देश्य सहनशक्ति, ताकत, और समग्र शारीरिक फिटनेस को बढ़ाना है, जबकि प्लायोमेट्रिक प्रशिक्षण विशेष रूप से विस्फोटक शक्ति, गति, और चपलता में सुधार के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है। इस पेपर में, इन दोनों प्रशिक्षण विधियों की तुलना की गई है, जिसमें उनकी विशेषताएँ, लाभ, और सीमाएँ प्रस्तुत की गई हैं। परिणामस्वरूप, यह निष्कर्ष निकाला गया है कि जबकि पारंपरिक प्रशिक्षण समग्र फिटनेस और सहनशक्ति को बेहतर बनाता है, वहीं प्लायोमेट्रिक प्रशिक्षण विस्फोटक शक्ति और गति के लिए अधिक प्रभावी है। दोनों प्रशिक्षण विधियाँ विशिष्ट लक्ष्यों के अनुसार उपयुक्त होती हैं, और इन्हें संयोजित करके अधिकतम खेल प्रदर्शन प्राप्त किया जा सकता है।

This paper explores the comparative dimensions of prison narratives from Indian nationalist leaders and anti-colonial movements across the globe. It examines the shared experiences of imprisonment, the transformative impact on individual leaders, and the broader implications for liberation struggles. Drawing on key writings and historical accounts, this study highlights how prison became a crucible for revolutionary ideologies and a site for the articulation of resistance against colonial oppression.

This paper offers a comparative analysis of class disparities and social mobility in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations and David Copperfield, two of his most famous works that critically examine the complex dynamics of Victorian society. Through the journeys of Pip and David, Dickens explores the challenges individuals face in attempting to navigate the rigid social structures of 19th-century England. Both novels address the interplay between personal agency, social circumstances, and external forces, demonstrating how these factors shape the characters' paths toward social mobility, or their inability to achieve it. While Dickens’s portrayal of social mobility often appears to offer hope, it is also framed as a double-edged sword, where the desire for upward mobility can both provide opportunity and impose constraints, depending on the individual’s moral choices and the broader social context. The paper explores how the characters’ experiences of social mobility are shaped by various factors, including wealth, social connections, and moral character. In Great Expectations, Pip’s rise from humble beginnings to a gentleman in London is not solely the result of his own efforts but is significantly influenced by external forces, such as the mysterious benefactor Magwitch and the manipulative Estella. The novel critiques the notion that wealth and social status can be easily attained through mere ambition, pointing out the moral and psychological costs of this ascent. Pip’s eventual disillusionment with the idea of upward mobility exposes the emptiness of striving for a social position based on wealth rather than moral integrity. Conversely, David Copperfield presents a more optimistic view of social mobility, emphasizing the importance of personal virtues such as perseverance, education, and empathy in overcoming class barriers. Through David’s character, Dickens suggests that while class structures can constrain individual potential, personal integrity and moral growth can lead to a form of social advancement that is not based solely on wealth or inheritance. social injustice.

मानव समाज का जैविक एवं सामाजिक विकास अचानक नहीं हुआ, अपितु प्रागैतिहासिक काल से विकास की एक लम्बी प्रक्रिया रही है यह सत्य है कि इतिहास के दोहराने से वर्तमान नहीं बदला जा सकता है किन्तु प्राचीन काल से विभिन्न स्तरों पर होने वाले परिवर्तन के आधार पर आगामी परिवर्तन का अनुमान लगाया जा सकता है। अतः समीक्षात्मक दृष्टि से देखें तो हमारे समग्र ज्ञान की शिलाएं पूर्वजों के ज्ञान द्वारा ही निर्मित हैं। बिना पूर्ववर्ती सर्वेक्षण के श्रम व श्रोतों का अपव्यय होता है तथा पुष्टपोषण होने की संभावना रहती है। मानव मस्तिष्क के ज्ञान की सीमाओं का रेचन तथा परिष्करण पूर्व ज्ञान के आधार पर ही किया जा सकता है अर्थात् पूर्व ज्ञान वर्तमान ज्ञान के लिये आधार सोपान का कार्य करता है।

Smart tourism is a transformative approach within the travel industry, leveraging cutting-edge technologies to improve visitor experiences, streamline destination management, and promote sustainable tourism practices. With rapid advancements in information and communication technologies (ICTs), smart tourism has emerged as a significant force reshaping the industry. This paper investigates the evolution and importance of smart tourism initiatives, focusing on the impact of digital technologies such as mobile applications, augmented reality, and big data analytics in transforming the tourism sector.Through an extensive review of literature and case studies, the paper explores the various facets of smart tourism, including personalized recommendations, seamless navigation, and real-time information sharing. By synthesizing existing knowledge and pinpointing future research opportunities, this study offers valuable insights into how smart tourism can drive innovation, enhance competitiveness in the global travel market, and foster sustainable development while enriching the overall visitor experience.

The present work demonstrates the degradation of dye pollutants present in water resource by synthesizing the photocatalysts Bismuth Oxyhalides (BiOX, X=Br, Cl). The Photocatalysts BiOBr and BiOCl was prepared by a facile solid state method and employed to study the phase structure, morphology and optical property via PXRD, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of BiOBr and BiOCl was tested on the degradation of Rhodamine b (RhB) dye under the presence of UV and Visible light irradiation. The results showed that RhB do not get degraded under the presence of Visible light due to inadequate amount of energy. When UV light is irradiated RhB starts to degrade and after 60 to 70 minutes RhB degraded completely. Therefore Bismuth Oxyhalides are known as potential photocatalytic materials.

This study examines the contribution of emotional intelligence (EI) to self-efficacy and leadership effectiveness in student teachers. Emotional intelligence, which involves the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one’s own emotions as well as the emotions of others, has been linked to various positive outcomes in educational settings. The study utilizes a correlational research design, surveying 175 student teachers to assess their emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and perceived leadership effectiveness. The results show a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and both self-efficacy and leadership effectiveness. Specifically, student teachers with higher emotional intelligence exhibited greater confidence in their teaching abilities (self-efficacy) and demonstrated more effective leadership qualities in the classroom. These findings suggest that emotional intelligence plays a pivotal role in enhancing student teachers’ sense of competence and their ability to lead effectively. The study highlights the importance of incorporating emotional intelligence training in teacher education programs to foster confident, capable, and effective future educators. Implications for teacher development and educational leadership are discussed, with recommendations for integrating emotional intelligence development into teacher preparation curricula to enhance both personal and professional growth.

Thermal power plants are the most complicated and common mode of electricity generation, where analyzing energy efficiency and energy saving solutions is essential to decrease environmental impacts and enhance electricity generation. Role of energy audits in environmental management of thermal power systems is investigated in this research. Energy audits systematically assess energy consumption, fuel usage, operational efficiency, and emission reduction; they provide a wealth of information on how to get the most out of existing plant performance or reduce the environmental footprint. This study examines the energy audit experience as it applies to several thermal power plants, and assesses the efficacy of energy conservation measures to curtail waste of energy, CO2 emissions and operational costs. The results indicate that energy audits not only enhance the operational efficiencies of thermal power systems, but can also produce substantial environmental gains by reducing resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The paper also investigates environmental management strategies that can be applicable with energy audits for sustainable thermal power plants operations. Finally, it concludes by stressing the role of the energy audits as a strategic tool to achieve the energy efficiency and the environmental sustainability of the altitude power generation sector.

The growth, dynamics, and effects of the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector in India are investigated in this paper. The paper offers insights into India's place in the global BPO scene with an emphasis on employment, economic contributions, technological breakthroughs, and the sector's problems. Results show how the sector contributes to economic expansion and how new developments like automation and artificial intelligence are influencing BPO services going forward.

A Study on the Risk Management of the Indian Financial Markets The Indian financial markets facilitate the mobilization of capital, the provision of liquidity, and risk diversification, all of which are crucial to the economic growth of the nation. Nonetheless, these business sectors are inclined to different kinds of dangers, including market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and functional gamble. This examination paper plans to concentrate on the gamble the board rehearses common in the Indian monetary business sectors, zeroing in on how market members, administrative specialists, and monetary foundations address and alleviate these dangers. The concentrate likewise features late turns of events, like administrative changes, innovative progressions, and the effect of macroeconomic elements on risk the executives structures.

This paper discusses the dielectric relaxation properties of water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions using time-domain reflectometry in the GHz region. It identifies low-frequency relaxation associated with PVP molecule alignment and high-frequency relaxation linked to bulk water dynamics. The study examines the effects of concentration and temperature on relaxation times, dipole moments, and molecular interactions. The findings highlight weak dipolar alignment and increasing solute-solute interactions at higher concentrations. The research provides insights into hydration dynamics and the entropy changes during relaxation, emphasizing the role of PVP's structure and interactions with water.

Surface wettability and self-cleaning properties are crucial in various applications, ranging from materials science to environmental engineering. In recent years, the emergence of nanostructured materials has opened up new possibilities for tailoring these properties to achieve advanced functionality. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, with their unique physicochemical properties, have gained significant attention in this context. This research paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of ZnO nanostructures for enhancing surface wettability and self-cleaning applications. We discuss the synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and the underlying mechanisms governing their performance in these applications. Furthermore, we explore the current challenges and future prospects for the utilization of ZnO nanostructures in various fields.

In this article, an outline of secure extraordinarily delegated directing shows for remote frameworks was introduced. Improvised framework is a social event of center points that is related through a distant medium outlining rapidly developing geography. Attacks on extraordinarily designated framework controlling shows upset arrange execution and steady quality with their game plan. We rapidly show the most notable shows that take after the table- driven and the source-began on-demand draws near. The association-flanked by the proposed courses of action and boundaries of uncommonly selected framework shows the execution as demonstrated by secure shows. We discuss in this paper coordinating show and challenges and moreover look at check in uniquely designated framework.

The security of web applications remains a critical concern amidst escalating cyber threats and vulnerabilities, which increasingly target organizations' digital infrastructures. This research paper delves into the results of an experimental study conducted on five websites using advanced pentest scanning tools to uncover prevalent security vulnerabilities and identify critical security gaps. The study revealed common yet significant vulnerabilities, including SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), missing HttpOnly and Secure flags, insufficient Content-Security-Policy configurations, and weak authentication mechanisms. These findings underscore the urgent need for a comprehensive framework to enhance web application security. To address these challenges, this research introduces the Quality Enhancement Model for Secured Web Applications (QEMSWA), an innovative framework designed to fortify web application security through proactive and systematic approaches. The QEMSWA model incorporates best practices, including asset identification, secure coding guidelines, static and dynamic code reviews, real-time vulnerability assessments, and continuous monitoring. It also integrates advanced defensive mechanisms, such as automated patch management, AI-powered anomaly detection, and robust encryption protocols, to mitigate emerging threats. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of fostering a security-centric organizational culture by prioritizing employee training, secure development lifecycle (SDL) adoption, and regular penetration testing. The proposed QEMSWA model offers actionable recommendations and a roadmap for organizations aiming to minimize risks, enhance resilience, and establish a secure digital environment. By bridging gaps between theoretical concepts and practical implementation, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts to standardize web security practices and reduce vulnerabilities in web applications.

महात्मा गांधी की अहिंसात्मक आंदोलन की रणनीति ने भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम को एक नई दिशा प्रदान की। गांधीजी ने अहिंसा और सत्याग्रह की अवधारणा को अपनाते हुए विभिन्न आंदोलनों का नेतृत्व किया, जैसे असहयोग आंदोलन (1920-1922), नमक सत्याग्रह (1930) और भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन (1942)। इन आंदोलनों ने भारतीय समाज में एकजुटता और स्वतंत्रता के प्रति जागरूकता बढ़ाई, साथ ही ब्रिटिश शासन के खिलाफ एक मजबूत प्रतिरोध का संचार किया। गांधीजी की रणनीति ने न केवल भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम को आकार दिया, बल्कि वैश्विक स्तर पर भी अन्य महत्वपूर्ण आंदोलनों पर प्रभाव डाला। उदाहरण के लिए, अमेरिकी नागरिक अधिकार आंदोलन में मार्टिन लूथर किंग जूनियर ने गांधीजी के अहिंसा के सिद्धांतों पर आधारित संघर्षों का सहारा लिया। इसी तरह, दक्षिण अफ्रीका में अपार्थेड के खिलाफ लड़ाई में भी गांधीजी के सिद्धांतों का व्यापक उपयोग हुआ। इस प्रकार, महात्मा गांधी की अहिंसात्मक रणनीति ने न केवल भारत के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई, बल्कि यह दुनिया भर में सामाजिक न्याय और मानवाधिकारों के लिए चलाए जा रहे आंदोलनों के लिए प्रेरणा स्रोत बन गई। उनकी शिक्षाएँ आज भी प्रासंगिक हैं, विशेषकर जब दुनिया विभिन्न संघर्षों और असमानताओं का सामना कर रही है।

Education is crucial to social welfare and equality in any society. Article 21A of the Indian Constitution guarantees free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14. The Right to Education (RTE) Act of 2009 supports this clause, which creates an inclusive educational framework to reduce inequality and empower marginalized groups. Judicial and policy changes have shaped the right to education. This right's importance for human growth and social justice was highlighted in landmark instances like Unnikrishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh. Despite these guarantees, major issues remain. In rural and poor areas, finance, infrastructure, teacher shortages, and socio-cultural impediments hamper implementation. Investment in education, effective monitoring, teacher training, and awareness initiatives to lower dropout rates are needed to close these inequalities. India can ensure that the right to education meets its constitutional promise and promotes equitable growth and social change by upgrading the system.

As a result of internal and worldwide political, social, and economic revolutions, the banking sector in India is seeing enormous changes. In the last twenty years, India's banking sector has experienced profound transformation. These days, banking is just too competitive and open. Everything has shifted from a modest corporate level of emphasis and direction to a maximum feasible limit. Business transactions used to go from the customer's doorstep to the banker's, but now it goes the other way around. In this context, it is crucial to research employee engagement and human resource management methods in order to develop good policies for the future. Thus, the study's primary objective is to address the following research questions: Is there a correlation between HRM practices and employee engagement in the banking industry in India? Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the socioeconomic effects of human resource management strategies and employee engagement in the banking sector of India in the study region.

Though polymers were introduced in India as late as 1980s they started to gain ground as admixtures for their various value added propositions and with the advent of nanotechnology, polymeric nanocomposites began to address many of concrete’s inherent problems not addressed before. Our Paper attempts to study the comparative effects of two different polymeric types - thermosetting v/s thermoplastics Polymeric Composites & Polymeric Nano Composites made with 1.Conventional Polymers-Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) and 2.Modern Polymers- Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE) in cement mortar matrix. The Paper reports the test results for the mechanical behaviour of ordinary cement mortar composites casted with the different types of polymers with and without nano-material additions on the medium term (28 days) as per Indian standards and long term (365 days) for sustainability issues. The polymers not only helped in adequate dispersion of the water insoluble nanomaterials through ultrasonication but also resulted in better workability of the mix. The result shows that optimized addition of polymeric CNTs (dispersed in thermoplastic PCE) gives a 37% gain in strength at 28 days & increasing the CNT % also provides for latter age (1 year) strength from 38% to 69%. It may be noted that the polymeric composites of thermosetting MF influenced a strength gain of 29% at 28 days but the addition of polymeric nanocomposites (CNTs dispersed in thermosetting MF) failed to produce any satisfactory results at 28 days and showed an appreciable loss in strength at latter ages

The application of radiofrequency waves causes this alignment to shift, and eventually, the ions will return to the place they were in before the waves were applied. During the process of creating a picture, these shifts in alignment are recorded and then analysed. In order to visualise soft tissue features including muscles, tendons, and joint spaces, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable tool. Despite the fact that there is no risk of radiation exposure, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be hazardous for those who have metal implants due to the use of a powerful magnetic field. Patients who have prosthetic joints, pacemakers, or other forms of implants are included in this category. On the other hand, the treatment of CT photos is challenging because of the anatomical characteristics of the liver as well as the procedures used to gather CT images. As a method of overcoming the challenges that are linked with the abdominal CT scans for automated living and tumour segmentation, the researchers who published their findings in the literature presented a number of different techniques. Deep learning has lately garnered a lot of attention from academics who are studying medical images.

This thesis explores the intersection of gender, crime, and justice within the context of India, employing a feminist legal perspective to critically analyze the systemic inequalities that women face in the criminal justice system. Through a feminist lens, this study investigates how the law, legal institutions, and societal norms often perpetuate gendered injustice, especially in the context of crimes against women such as domestic violence, sexual harassment, trafficking, and dowry deaths. Despite the existence of legal frameworks aimed at protecting women’s rights, the implementation of these laws is frequently marred by patriarchal biases, cultural prejudices, and institutional neglect. The research delves into the socio-legal landscape of India, highlighting the ways in which gender-based violence is normalized and underreported, and how women’s experiences with crime and justice are shaped by intersecting factors such as caste, class, and religion. Drawing on feminist legal theory, the thesis critiques the prevailing legal practices and offers a comprehensive analysis of the gaps between law and justice, illustrating how traditional legal structures fail to adequately protect women. In addition, the study emphasizes the role of feminist movements and grassroots activism in advocating for legal reforms, addressing both the successes and challenges faced by these efforts. The paper concludes by proposing a feminist, intersectional approach to legal reform that prioritizes gender-sensitive policies, victim-centered practices, and a broader societal transformation towards justice for all women. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on women’s rights and justice, providing insights into how feminist legal theory can guide the creation of a more equitable and responsive legal system in India.

This paper explores the various data types employed in deep learning methodologies for analyzing academic engagement in both online and offline learning frameworks. The study examines textual, visual, audio, and multimodal data sources and their implications in assessing student participation, motivation, and performance. By comparing online and offline learning environments, the paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of deep learning in enhancing academic engagement. This theoretical exploration aims to inform educators, researchers, and policymakers on the applicability of deep learning techniques to educational contexts.

This thesis investigates the transformative potential of green chemistry in addressing environmental and economic challenges within the chemical industry. By focusing on sustainable chemical transformations, the research explores innovative methods that minimize waste, reduce energy consumption, and utilize renewable resources. The principles of green chemistry serve as a framework to examine advancements in catalytic processes, renewable feedstocks, and eco-friendly solvents, with particular attention to their application in industrial settings. Case studies highlight the practical benefits of these innovations, such as enhanced reaction efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Despite significant progress, the thesis also addresses the technical and economic challenges hindering widespread adoption of green chemistry practices. Ultimately, this work aims to underscore the importance of sustainable chemical processes in the pursuit of a more sustainable, circular economy, and provides recommendations for future research directions that could further advance the field.

‘‘युग काल-प्रवाह का एक भाग है, जो किसी कार्य विशेष या घटना से जुड़कर ही युग कहलाता है। इसका प्रभाव साहित्यकार के दिमाग पर पड़ता है। यहाँ ‘युग’ शब्द का मुख्य अर्थ ‘काल’ से ही किसी-न-किसी रूप में जुड़ा है।’’ आचार्य रामचन्द्र वर्मा और श्री कालिका प्रसाद के कोशों में भी यही अर्थ है। काल की अवधारणा बहुत अधिक सूक्ष्म और दुर्बोध है। युग कालवाचक शब्द है, लेकिन काल के निरपेक्ष प्रवाह को युग नहीं कहा जा सकता। ‘‘किसी काल खण्ड को हम तभी युग कह सकते है जब उसे किसी देश के कालखण्ड से जोड़ दिया जाए। युग किसी देश के इतिहास के साथ जुड़कर अपनीे सार्थकता प्रकट करता है।’’ काल की परिभाषा में युग के साथ समाज की गतिविधियाँ और उनके प्रकार भी सम्मिलित हो जाते है। ‘‘काल समाज की कलागत स्थितियों का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। वह समाज, सभ्यता, संस्कृति, कला, साहित्य, इतिहास आदि सभी की आन्तरिक और बाह्य स्थितियों का बोधक होता है।’’ ‘‘युग इतिहास के कालखण्ड का ही भाग होता है। इतिहास का कोई ऐसा बड़ा काल जिसमें बराबर एक ही प्रकार के कार्य, घटनाएँ आदि होती रहती हैं।’’ इस प्रकार काल शब्द में युग विशेष के स्पंदनों आदि को समाहित करके देखा जा सकता है।

Children with scholarly handicaps, encompassing a broad spectrum of learning disabilities and cognitive challenges such as dyslexia, ADHD, dyscalculia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), face significant social difficulties. These challenges manifest as emotional distress, reduced self-esteem, hindered academic performance, and impaired social development, often exacerbated by bullying, stigma, and exclusion. This research investigates the societal barriers these children encounter, the developmental and long-term impacts of these challenges, and the strategies required to foster an inclusive and supportive environment. Key interventions, including public awareness campaigns, implementation of individualized education plans (IEPs), integration of assistive technologies, and community-based support systems, are discussed to promote equity in education and social interaction. By addressing stigma, enhancing inclusive education policies, and advocating for robust mental health and social support frameworks, this study underscores the importance of a collective effort in empowering children with scholarly handicaps.

Recent discoveries in the field of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) have revealed significant contributions to nitrogen fixation, stress tolerance, and plant growth enhancement. Key findings include the identification of nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Rhizobium and Azospirillum, and the role of PGPB in mitigating both abiotic stresses (such as drought, heat, salinity) and biotic stresses (pathogens and pests) through mechanisms like hormone production, biocontrol, and enzyme activity. This study examined the effect of bacterial inoculation on plant growth, focusing on wheat, tomato, and chilli plants, using Bacillus licheniformis SS15 for inoculation. Various assays, including root colonization, plant growth promotion, and antagonistic activity against plant pathogens were conducted. Additionally, the production of secondary metabolites like indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores was assessed for their potential role in plant growth enhancement. Bacillus licheniformis SS15 demonstrated significant plant growth promotion (PGP) effects on wheat, tomato, and chilli, including increased root and shoot length, biomass, and nitrogen content. It also exhibited strong root colonization potential and persistence in the rhizosphere, enhancing nutrient uptake. The bacterium showed antagonistic activity against several plant pathogens and produced beneficial metabolites like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores. These traits suggest its potential as a bio-inoculant to improve agricultural productivity and reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers.

This research aims to discourse concern of consumer behavior and accessibility of banking via digital banking and majorly focusing on the Indian banks. In the recent past, there has been a shift towards using digital banking and this has changed practices in banking immensely and also the way consumers access the banking services. This paper focuses on the influence of some digital banking facilities like mobile banking, online banking, digital wallets on the consumer behavior, choice and ease. Further, the study examines the influence of digital banking in to increasing financial inclusion by offering banking services to individuals who are mostly ignored by the traditional banking industry, and/or residing in the rural areas. The study aims to reveal the consumers’ views, satisfaction levels, and challenges towards digital banking and the use of survey, interviews, and cases of major banks in India. The study therefore indicates that despite the benefits of adopting digital banking that reduces the cost of accessing banking services through the internet, enhancing efficiency, the constraints like digital knowledge, security, internet connection hampers the usage of the services, especially in the rural areas. Lastly, the paper makes policy recommendations on how to modify & safeguard digital banking infrastructure and thus target the consumer behavior intending to facilitate the consumer and banking system more systematically in the context of India.

By examining the contribution of local mortar formulations to the structural lifetime of medieval Indian fortifications, this study explores their endurance. The study uses cutting-edge analytical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compressive strength testing, to assess the chemical and physical characteristics of these mortars, with a focus on the distinctive composition of materials like lime, jaggery, pulses, and organic additives. The research emphasizes how these compositions help fortifications withstand environmental stresses like weathering, seismic activity, and biological deterioration. Results show that using sustainable, locally obtained materials improved these constructions' longevity and offered insights into prehistoric building techniques. In order to safeguard these historical landmarks, this study emphasizes the value of conserving traditional knowledge and makes suggestions for contemporary conservation techniques.

Distance education has emerged as a pivotal tool for enhancing educational access, particularly for women who face socio-economic and cultural barriers. This study explores the perceptions of quality and accessibility of distance education among women in West Bengal, focusing on differences between rural and urban populations. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study investigates factors influencing women’s attitudes, including infrastructure, socio-cultural dynamics, technological access, and institutional support. The findings provide insights into the challenges and opportunities for improving the reach and effectiveness of distance education programs, contributing to policy recommendations aimed at fostering gender-inclusive education.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in secondary education has the potential to revolutionize teaching and learning processes. Virtual personalities, AI-driven avatars, and chatbots can personalize learning, improve student engagement, and address individual learning needs. However, the implementation of virtual personalities in school environments presents several challenges, including technological barriers, teacher readiness, ethical considerations, and student adaptability. This study examines the feasibility, advantages, and challenges of integrating virtual personalities in secondary education at DAV School, Dwarka, New Delhi.

मानव को अपना जीवन चलाने के लिए पोषण की आवश्यकता होती है। वह किसी भी धर्म, जाति या स्तर का क्यों न हो, भोजन उसके स्वास्थ्य का मूल आधार है, जिसकी प्राप्ति हेतु वह अथक प्रयास करता है। पौष्टिक भोजन मानव के जीवन की नींव है, जिस प्रकार किसी भवन की नींव जितनी मजबूत होगी, भवन उतना ही स्थायी एवं लम्बे समय तक अस्तित्व बनाये रखता है। उसी प्रकार अधिक पुष्ट भोजन शरीर को सुदृढ़ एवं स्थायित्व को प्राप्त कराता है क्योंकि पौष्टिक भोजन के द्वारा व्यक्ति शारीरिक, मानसिक, मनौवैज्ञानिक और नैतिक बल प्राप्त करता है।

Cloud computing has emerged as a transformative force in public administration, providing opportunities to modernize and enhance government services. This paper critically analyzes the role of cloud computing in transforming government services, focusing on its potential benefits, challenges, and implications for the future of public administration. By examining cloud computing models, the advantages of cloud adoption, and the barriers faced by governments in transitioning to cloud-based services, this paper offers insights into how cloud technologies can drive efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement. The study concludes by highlighting best practices and strategies for successful cloud adoption in the public sector.

IT e-governance in general, especially in the education sector, adds to the access, transparency, and efficiency of India’s higher education institutions (HEIs). From 2020 to 2023, this research determines the impact of e-governance on administrative effectiveness and the key adoption pattern and major barriers of e-governance adoption. In the research, statistical modeling, correlation analysis, and hypothesis testing are developed to measure the connection between institutional performance and digital transformation. Empirical findings indicate a strong and positive correlation (r > 0.98; p < 0.05), CAGR of 17.04 and 23.27 percent, respectively, in administrative operations and student services with the adoption of egovernance and transparency gains, respectively. In fact, by adopting e-governance, the institutions perform extremely well (hypothesis testing (p = 0.035)). The main obstacles to this traineeship are its implementation costs (40%) and digital trainings (50%). Inadequate infrastructure (45%) is another. The analysis of regression (R² = 0.989) reveals that the greatest predictive power for administrative efficiency increases is due to increased transparency. Therefore, this research recommends many training programs to be facilitated for instilling more facility in growing faculty, its development, and digital infrastructure as well as regulation models of AI. This brings evidence to the policy debates on how Indian HEIs will go ahead with adopting digital transformation.

Anxiety is a prevalent concern among college students, affecting their academic performance, social interactions, and overall well-being. This research explores how fostering creative thinking capacity can serve as a powerful tool in alleviating anxiety. The study examines existing literature on the correlation between creativity and mental health, discusses cognitive and emotional mechanisms involved, and presents empirical findings supporting creativity-based interventions in educational settings. Finally, recommendations are provided for integrating creativity-enhancing activities into college curricula to promote mental resilience and academic success.

Early childhood education (ECE) plays a crucial role in the cognitive, social, and emotional development of young children, particularly in fostering language acquisition. Language development during the early years is a key determinant of future academic success and overall well-being. This paper explores the relationship between early childhood education and language development, emphasizing the significant impact of language-rich environments in shaping a child’s vocabulary, comprehension, and communication skills. It discusses the cognitive and social benefits of early language development, including enhanced problem-solving abilities, emotional regulation, and social interactions. Furthermore, the paper examines the challenges faced by children from diverse linguistic backgrounds, particularly English as a Second Language (ESL) learners, and highlights the importance of tailored instructional practices. The long-term academic and professional benefits of early language skills are also discussed, underscoring the connection between early language proficiency and later educational achievement. The paper concludes by advocating for increased investment in early childhood education programs, addressing barriers to access, and implementing evidence-based strategies to support language development in all children. This research demonstrates that quality early childhood education provides a foundational environment for language development, which in turn supports cognitive growth, academic success, and lifelong learning.

Chetan Bhagat's novels have become iconic representations of contemporary Indian youth navigating the challenges of identity, societal pressures, and aspirations. His protagonists often find themselves caught between personal desires and the overwhelming demands of family, education, and social expectations. This paper explores the ways in which Bhagat’s fiction, particularly novels such as Five Point Someone, 2 States, Revolution 2020, Half Girlfriend, and One Indian Girl, illustrates the tension between dreams and societal demands. The analysis emphasizes the psychological and emotional struggles of youth in India, their search for self-identity, and the complex role of societal pressure in shaping their choices and identities.

Mulk Raj Anand is one of those great novelists with global recognition whose life long efforts have been to probe deep into the soul of men reduced to animals by the inhuman conditions of the society. He uses his telescopic vision as a means of alleviating the sufferings of fellow human beings and presents truths of life in such a way as sincerity is not affected at all. In his view a writer should be a seismograph to observe life and discover in it the essence of human existence. To quote his words., “The novel should interpret the truth of life, from felt experience not from books.” Through his novels he has been trying to awaken our sympathy for the poor and underdogs of society which in turn can urge us to take part in the drama of revolt leading to social reform. In his novels we find him cry against the injustice done to the poor and the down trodden. The novel ‘Coolie' is an artistic work portraying very effectively and realistically the gap between the haves and the have-nots, the exploiters and the exploited, the rulers and the ruled.

The rapid integration of digital technologies in education has transformed traditional teaching methodologies, necessitating a shift toward e-learning. This study explores the perceptions of teachers in Hooghly, West Bengal, regarding the adoption of e-learning, focusing on the barriers, challenges, and opportunities associated with this transition. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected through surveys and semi-structured interviews with 100 teachers from primary, secondary, and higher secondary schools. The findings reveal significant infrastructural gaps, socio-economic disparities, and pedagogical resistance as key barriers to e-learning adoption. Despite these challenges, teachers recognize the potential of e-learning to enhance teaching and learning outcomes. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers and educational institutions to address these barriers and facilitate a smoother transition from traditional to digital education.

Antenatal care (ANC) is a crucial aspect of maternal healthcare that ensures the well-being of both mother and baby throughout pregnancy. It involves regular medical check-ups, nutritional support, emotional reassurance, and education on pregnancy, labor, and newborn care. ANC plays a significant role in the early detection and management of complications such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and fetal growth abnormalities, thereby reducing maternal and neonatal risks. Proper antenatal care also emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet, exercise, and lifestyle modifications to promote a healthy pregnancy. Additionally, it addresses the emotional and psychological aspects of pregnancy, offering support to expectant mothers and preparing them for a smooth transition into motherhood. By prioritizing comprehensive antenatal care, healthcare providers can ensure safe childbirth outcomes and enhance the overall health of both mother and baby.

स्त्री ओर पुरूष सृष्टि के सफल संचालन के आधार है। जैविकीय कारणों से दोनो की शरीर रचना कुछ ऐसी है कि ये दोनो एक दूसरे के बगैर अपूर्ण है। एस अपूर्णता को समाप्त करने एवं सृष्टि की निरंतरता को बनाये रखने के लिए किए समाज द्वारा स्वीकृत माध्यम विवाह है। स्त्री और पुरूष की प्रकृति प्रदत्त आधारभूत आवश्यकताऐं होती है। जिसमें योन इच्छा स्वतः ही इन दोनों को एक-दूसरे के प्रति आकर्षित करती है और संसर्ग के द्वारा एक दूसरे की योन इक्छाओं को तृप्त करते है। विकास के प्रारम्भिक समय में स्त्री एवं पुरूष अन्य प्राणीयों की भाति स्वछन्द यौन संबंध स्थापित करते थे। जिससे उत्पन्न सतंति की वैधानिकता की समस्या उनके समक्ष खड़ी होती होगी। मानव अन्य प्राणियों की तुलना में अधिक विवकेशील प्राणी है अतः उसने अनियंत्रित यौन संबंधों के कारण जन्म ली गई सतंति को वैधानिकता प्रदान करने के लिए प्रयास किए होंगें, उन्हीं प्रयासों का परिणाम विवाह रूपी संस्था में परिलक्षित होता है। चूंकि समाज का क्रमिक विकास हुआ है और अनेक परिवर्तनों द्वारा उत्तरोत्तर विकसित हुआ है। उसी तरह सभी सामाजिक संस्थाओं का भी विकास हुआ है। समय के साथ-साथ विवाह का उददेश्य अनियंत्रित यौन संबंधों पर नियंत्रण एवं संतान को वैध निकता प्रदान करने तक ही सीमित न रहकर परिवारिक एवं सामाजिक जिम्मेदारीयों के साथ-साथ सामाजिक नियमों का पालन करते हुये परिवर्तित एवं परिमार्जित होता रहा है। कालांतर में विवाह एक ऐसी सामाजिक संस्था के रूप में विकसित हुआ जो प्रायः सभी समाजों की संस्कृति का आवश्यक अंग हैं यह सर्वभौमिक रूप से संसार में किसी न किसी रूप में विद्यमान है और ऐसा आधार स्तम्भ है जिसके द्वारा मानव समाज का अस्तित्व बना हुआ है। समाज की प्रारंभिक इकाई परिवार का निर्माण भी विवाह नामक संस्था से होता है।

The use of Augmented Reality (AR) in educational settings has gained significant attention due to its potential to enhance learning experiences. AR integrates digital information with the physical world, providing an interactive learning environment. In the context of laboratory experiments, AR can be particularly beneficial. Augmented reality is an interactive experience that enhances the real world with computer-generated perception. AR connects the "real world" and the virtual world. Basically, AR takes the real world and enhances it with computational elements. However, there are many applications where augmented reality can enhance the learning experience of e-learning students. The ability of augmented reality to increase students' attention to course material while at home cannot be underestimated. A new technology called augmented reality (AR), which combines the real world and the world created by an interactive computer system in the form of a single environment, tries to avoid problems as mentioned above by providing students with an AR laboratory which is a combination of real labs augmented by virtual objects.

The sun produces solar energy, which is sustainable, renewable, and ecologically benign. Hourly, the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth is sufficient to meet the global annual energy requirement. In the current generation, electricity is needed continuously. Solar energy is utilised throughout various sectors, including industrial, commercial, and residential uses. It can readily harness energy from direct sunlight. Consequently, it is very efficient and environmentally sustainable. This article examined solar energy, along with prospective trends and problems. Additionally, the essay examines societal energy functions, energy production, photovoltaics, concentrated solar power (CSP), solar cell efficiency, fuel generation, and the roles of semiconductors.

This study aims to examine the combined impact of yoga and strength training on critical performance parameters—agility, speed, and endurance—in volleyball players. Volleyball is a sport that demands rapid reflexes, explosive power, and sustained aerobic capacity, which are typically addressed through separate strength and conditioning programs. However, there is limited research on the effects of integrating yoga, a practice known for enhancing flexibility, balance, and mental focus, with strength training, which is commonly used to increase muscle power, endurance, and overall physical conditioning. In this controlled experimental design, 30 volleyball athletes, aged 18-25 years, were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (which underwent a combined yoga and strength training regimen) or a control group (which followed standard training practices without the addition of yoga). The experimental group engaged in a 6-week program that included three weekly strength training sessions focused on building lower-body power, core stability, and upper-body endurance, as well as two yoga sessions aimed at improving flexibility, balance, and mental resilience. At the start and end of the program, participants were tested for agility (using the T-test drill), speed (via a 30-meter sprint), and endurance (assessed using a 12-minute Cooper run test). Data analysis revealed that the experimental group showed significant improvements in all three areas compared to the control group. Specifically, the experimental group demonstrated a 10% improvement in agility, a 12% enhancement in endurance, and a notable reduction in sprint times, improving speed by an average of 0.5 seconds. In contrast, the control group showed only minor improvements.

प्राचीन भारतीय सामाजिक व्यवस्था में हिन्दू समाज को चार वर्णों में बांटा गया एवं प्रत्येक वर्ण के कार्य एवं अधिकार निश्चित किए गये। धार्मिक आधारों पर चतुवर्ण के सदस्यों पर निर्योग्यताएँ लादी गई। उन्हें अधिकारविहीन, उपेक्षित एवं तरिष्कृत किया गया। अनेक समाज सुधारकों ने समाज की इस विभेदक व्यवस्था का विरोध किया। स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति पश्चात् संवैधानिक प्रावधानों के द्वारा अनुसूचित जाति-जनजाति के सदस्यों को सभी क्षेत्रों में समानता एवं स्वतंत्रता प्रदान की गई है, जिससे उनके जीवन में आमूलचूल परिवर्तन आया है एवं आ रहा है।

The humanity and their survival is largely depends upon water content available at their habitat. The availability of different form of water with many type resources the survival of human vary from place to place. In ancient time most of human colony & other living lives colonies were preferred to organize near river and large water reservoir. It reflects the importance of water. And easy availability of water around us is an important asset and we have to focus our special attention on it for the survival future generations of lives. Now a days the purity of water rapidly destroyed by several factors and we must have to take care of it and have to face some challenges. Some action is needed to preserve this natural resource.

The rapid advancement in technology, especially the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), has drastically transformed the way industries, businesses, and individuals interact with devices and the world around them. The IoT enables devices to communicate seamlessly with one another, enabling automation, remote control, and data analysis, leading to greater efficiency in various sectors. From smart homes and healthcare systems to smart cities and agriculture, the Internet of Things is quickly becoming an everyday aspect of life. But as this vast IoT ecosystem increasingly proliferates, concerns regarding its environmental impact have started to grow. Considering the sheer scale of IoT devices and the enormous energy requirements of their communication and operation, energy consumption has increased manifold and electronic waste has also seen a marked rise. Furthermore, most conventional IoT systems consume huge amounts of power and resources, raising questions on long-term sustainability of such technologies. This approach comes in the form of Green IoT that is focused on designing energy-efficient and environmental-friendly IoT systems. Green IoT integrates sustainable IoT technologies into conventional IoT systems to ensure that these systems meet sustainability standards without reducing their performance. Green IoT, by focusing on energy conservation, reducing carbon footprints, and responsible e-waste management, plays a critical role in reducing the adverse environmental effects of IoT deployment. This article attempts to conduct a systematic review of the concept of Green IoT, its significance, and its applications, bringing out the ways it contributes to sustainability and eco-friendly development.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to significant ethical debates about the implications of creating machines that exhibit qualities of consciousness, autonomy, and sentience. These debates are not only limited to the scientific community but are also explored extensively in literature. This paper examines how literature engages with the moral and ethical questions surrounding AI and artificial consciousness. By analyzing key works such as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Karel Čapek's R.U.R., Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep, and contemporary works like Ex Machina and Her, this paper explores themes of creation, responsibility, sentience, autonomy, and the potential for exploitation of AI. In addition, it discusses how literary representations of AI serve as both a reflection of societal anxieties about technological advancement and a platform for discussing moral and philosophical questions related to the treatment of artificial beings. This exploration reveals that literature plays a crucial role in shaping our understanding of the ethical dilemmas posed by artificial intelligence.

वर्तमान समय में जीवनशैली से जुड़ी समस्याओं और शारीरिक सक्रियता की कमी के कारण स्लिपडिस्क एक आम विकार बन गया है। यह रोग व्यक्ति की दिनचर्या को बुरी तरह प्रभावित करता है और लंबे समय तक पीठ दर्द का कारण बन सकता है। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य शलभासन के अभ्यास से स्लिपडिस्क में होने वाले लाभों का मूल्यांकन करना है। योग एक प्राचीन भारतीय प्रणाली है जो शारीरिक, मानसिक और आत्मिक संतुलन को बनाए रखने में सहायक है। यह शोध 30 स्लिपडिस्क पीड़ित व्यक्तियों पर आधारित है, जिन पर 8 सप्ताह तक शलभासन का अभ्यास कराया गया। परिणामों से यह स्पष्ट हुआ कि नियमित योग अभ्यास, विशेषकर शलभासन, स्लिपडिस्क के लक्षणों को कम करने में प्रभावी सिद्ध हुआ।

The Basel Accord 4 contributes to the enhancement of the risk management in commercial banks by introducing sustainability-linked financial frameworks, the latest and updated capital adequacy standards, and improved risk-weighing methods. This research spans from 2019 to 2023 and examines the extent to which Basel 4 was adopted by Indian banks, especially on developments of profitability, ROA, NPAs, and capital adequacy. The research confirms that the implementation of Basel 4 has huge effects on the profitability adjusted for risk. First, the finding of a substantial negative correlation of -0.97 between GNPA and ROE suggests that improved asset quality results in improved profitability. Hypothesis testing indicates that CAR has a beneficial effect on financial stability due to the fact that banks with larger capital buffers are better financially. In identifying issues such as regulatory complexity, compliance difficulties, and the differences in risk-weighting criteria, the paper also highlights the need for sophisticated risk-modeling tools and strategic regulatory coordination. Success of such implementation is also conditional on the use of AI-driven analytics, including ESG risk factors, and comparing international best practices for Basel 4. Together with the growing volume of paradigms related to sustainable banking, this study contributes to this mass of knowledge to offer empirics as to Basel 4's role in enhancing long-term risk management and financial resilience.

Vijay Tendulkar's plays as a critique of power, patriarchy, and resistance in Indian society. Through works like Ghashiram Kotwal, Tughlaq, and Silence! The Court is in Session, Tendulkar exposes the oppressive structures of political, social, and familial power. His characters struggle against patriarchal norms, caste discrimination, and corruption, highlighting the complexities of resistance within these systems. By portraying the harsh realities of societal injustice, Tendulkar encourages the audience to reflect on their roles in perpetuating or challenging these power structures. This study underscores the enduring relevance of Tendulkar's theatre as a tool for social critique and change.

The growing demand for sustainable fashion has positioned upcycled garments at the forefront of eco-conscious consumerism. This study explores the influence of demographic factors such as age, gender, income, and education on the adoption of upcycled garments among Indian consumers. By employing a quantitative research methodology, the paper investigates how different demographic groups perceive and purchase upcycled garments, aiming to provide insights into the factors driving consumer behavior in sustainable fashion in India. The findings reveal that younger consumers, women, and those with higher income and education levels are more inclined toward purchasing upcycled garments. These insights can help brands and policymakers promote sustainable fashion more effectively.

This paper investigates the interconnected climatic pressures facing the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) nations, specifically focusing on the cascading effects of glacial melt and groundwater depletion. The study highlights how climate-induced changes in the cryosphere and hydrosphere are contributing to resource insecurity, affecting agriculture, drinking water availability, and socio-economic stability. Using interdisciplinary approaches combining remote sensing data, hydrogeological reports, and regional climate models, the research identifies key vulnerabilities and recommends coordinated policy responses across SAARC nations.