A living thing must have liberty. Without liberty, it cannot survive, develop, and feel respect and dignity. Liberty gives living things a way to create their world. This article discusses how liberty can provide space for human dignity and valuable things. Human beings need freedom from the state, society, other people, laws, rules, regulations, and the market. This will be discussed in this article. How many dimensions of liberty, and which dimension is essential for human beings? Liberty enhances human capability, skill, personality, dignity, and respected values. Even for spoken capability, human beings need valuable liberty. If any dimension suppresses human liberty, it could be constrained for human beings. Thought of human freedom provides happiness in an individual’s spiritual and physical world.it is not only a philosophical concept but also works in material words. Individuals need liberty in their personal and professional lives. In all dimensions of personal life, individuals need liberty. To work in all capacities and skills, human beings need liberty. Political, personal, economic, cultural, entertainment, social. Professional. The factors restricting liberty could be state, society, person, religion, or religious person. That factor provides and facilitates liberty; some control liberty must be discussed here.

This paper explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI), gender, and technology within literature, examining how gendered representations of technology influence public perception and societal development. Drawing from both feminist theory and science fiction, it considers how AI is often portrayed in terms of traditionally gendered roles, such as the "masculine" inventor and the "feminine" machine. The paper argues that these depictions reveal underlying cultural assumptions about gender, technology, and power. It also looks at how literature critiques, subverts, or reinforces these gendered stereotypes, offering new perspectives on the relationship between gender, technology, and innovation.

यह शोध शलभासन नामक एक विशेष योगासन की प्रभावशीलता को स्लिपडिस्क के प्रबंधन में समझने का प्रयास करता है, जो कि आज की आधुनिक जीवनशैली में एक आम और कष्टदायक रीढ़ संबंधी समस्या बनती जा रही है। अध्ययन में एक पूर्व-प्रयोगात्मक शोध डिज़ाइन का उपयोग किया गया, जिसमें शलभासन के अभ्यास का प्रभाव दर्द की तीव्रता, रीढ़ की गति सीमा, लचीलापन तथा समग्र स्वास्थ्य और मानसिक स्थिति पर मूल्यांकन किया गया। प्रतिभागियों को दो समूहों – प्रयोगात्मक और नियंत्रण – में विभाजित किया गया। प्रयोगात्मक समूह के प्रतिभागियों ने छह सप्ताह तक प्रतिदिन नियमित रूप से शलभासन का अभ्यास किया, जबकि नियंत्रण समूह ने कोई विशेष योग अभ्यास नहीं किया। अध्ययन में मुख्य रूप से Visual Analog Scale (VAS) द्वारा दर्द, सीट एंड रीच टेस्ट द्वारा लचीलापन, तथा एक समग्र स्वास्थ्य एवं कल्याण प्रश्नावली द्वारा मानसिक स्वास्थ्य का मूल्यांकन किया गया। परिणामों से यह स्पष्ट हुआ कि शलभासन का नियमित अभ्यास करने वाले प्रतिभागियों में दर्द में उल्लेखनीय कमी, रीढ़ की गति सीमा में सुधार, तथा लचीलापन में वृद्धि देखी गई, जबकि नियंत्रण समूह में ऐसा कोई विशेष सुधार नहीं पाया गया। इसके अतिरिक्त, योग अभ्यास से तनाव, चिंता तथा मानसिक असंतुलन में भी कमी दर्ज की गई, जो इसके शारीरिक ही नहीं, बल्कि मानसिक और भावनात्मक लाभों को भी सिद्ध करता है। इस प्रकार, शलभासन स्लिपडिस्क के उपचार में एक सुरक्षित, प्रभावी और बहुआयामी हस्तक्षेप के रूप में सिद्ध होता है, जिसे पारंपरिक चिकित्सा के साथ एक पूरक पद्धति के रूप में अपनाया जा सकता है।

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is of paramount importance in Industry 4.0 since Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) depend on this tool to simplify their operations, make better decisions, and gain a competitive advantage. This research uses statistical modeling, regression analysis, and correlation analysis to identify the trends, difficulties, and advantages of ERP implementation in Indian MSMEs from 2020 to 2023. According to the findings, ERP adoption grew almost threefold from 25 percent to 55 percent in 2023, and the greatest (40 percent) increase (2021) was due to the pandemic’s digital transformation, which led to higher adoption of ERP. The correlation study states that ERP installation has a good influence on supply chain management (r = 0.987), cost reduction (r = 0.975), and operational efficiency (r = 0.989). Through the process of hypothesis testing (p = 0.047), it is confirmed that after 2022, the substantial shift in ERP adoption trends takes place. While there are still some issues, and one of them is the high implementation cost, the shortage of skilled people, and integration issues. According to multiple regression analysis (R² = 0.967), the two biggest factors for the success of ERP implementation are the workforce skills and the budgetary limitations. To speed up adoption of MSMEs, it recommends cloud-based solutions, as well as cybersecurity and government ERP infrastructure to aid the government, SMEs, and MSMEs. The findings make contributions to the growing body of research on ERP tactics for deployment in MSMEs in Industry 4.0.

SMS spam has emerged as a persistent problem for mobile phone users, not only causing unwanted disruptions but also exposing users to potential security risks such as phishing and fraud. Traditional spam detection methods, primarily relying on keyword-based matching or rule-based algorithms, have proven insufficient in addressing the dynamic and sophisticated nature of modern spam messages. As spammers continuously evolve their techniques, conventional approaches often fail to accurately classify messages. This paper presents a novel approach to SMS spam detection by leveraging Text Mining and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. The methodology includes several stages, such as tokenization, stemming, and the application of the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) method for effective feature extraction. Furthermore, the study integrates a variety of machine learning classifiers, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Naive Bayes, and Random Forest, to determine the most effective model for distinguishing between spam and non-spam messages. Through rigorous evaluation using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, the proposed system demonstrates high classification performance. Specifically, the combination of text mining and machine learning algorithms yields superior results compared to traditional methods, offering an efficient and scalable solution for SMS spam filtering. This research highlights the importance of employing advanced computational techniques in combating the ever-growing issue of SMS spam and provides a solid foundation for the development of real-time spam detection systems in mobile applications. The findings indicate that such an approach can significantly improve the user experience by reducing unwanted messages and enhancing mobile security.

With the exponential growth of digital data and the increasing reliance on cloud services, securing data transmission has become a critical concern. While traditional encryption techniques protect data confidentiality, they restrict the ability to perform operations on encrypted data. Homomorphic encryption (HE) overcomes this limitation by enabling computations on encrypted data without requiring decryption, ensuring privacy-preserving operations. This paper explores the role of homomorphic encryption in ensuring secure data transmission, with a specific focus on its application in sensitive sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government. By analyzing the advantages and challenges of HE, this paper highlights its potential in facilitating secure, privacy-preserving communication in modern digital infrastructures.

Water contamination is a growing global issue with serious health and environmental consequences. Traditional water treatment methods often fall short in effectively removing emerging pollutants and pathogens. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising alternative, with nanoparticles demonstrating high efficiency in water purification due to their unique physicochemical properties. This paper explores the types, mechanisms, and applications of nanoparticles in water treatment, and discusses the challenges and future directions of this rapidly advancing field.

Gender equality, a critical dimension of social structure, has evolved significantly due to policy reforms, technological advancements, and social movements. This review paper examines changing patterns of gender equality through a sociological lens, synthesizing 50 scholarly sources to analyze theoretical frameworks, global and Indian trends, and persistent challenges. Grounded in feminist theory, social role theory, and intersectionality, it explores initiatives like the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and India’s Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme. The paper highlights progress in education, employment, and political representation, alongside barriers such as gender-based violence and economic disparities. It identifies gaps in addressing intersectional inequalities and proposes directions for future sociological inquiry. This review underscores the need for continued theoretical and empirical analysis to understand and sustain gender equality.

The fashion industry exerts a significant influence on the environment and the consumption of natural resources. The environmental consequences have become increasingly prominent with the rise of fast fashion and the growing demand for clothing. This review explores the environmental impact of the fashion industry and examines how legislation, technological innovations, and consumer behavior can help mitigate these effects.

Vijay Tendulkar, a path-breaking voice in Indian drama, used the stage as a site for confronting societal contradictions and injustices. His plays present a piercing critique of patriarchal norms, caste-based discrimination, political corruption, and the human cost of rigid social structures. This paper explores the social injustices and human struggles depicted in four of his major plays: Silence! The Court is in Session, Sakharam Binder, Ghashiram Kotwal, and Kanyadaan. Through these works, Tendulkar not only reflects the tensions of contemporary Indian society but also compels audiences to question and reassess their complicity in maintaining oppressive systems.

This study investigates the challenges and opportunities in the upcycled fashion market in India, focusing on consumer perceptions and business strategies. Data was collected from 300 consumers and 20 businesses engaged in upcycling in urban India. Through a mixed-methods approach, this research provides insights into the key challenges such as low consumer awareness, high costs, and supply chain constraints, while highlighting opportunities like growing demand for sustainable fashion, the influence of social media, and government initiatives. Data analysis reveals significant correlations between consumer demographics and their willingness to purchase upcycled garments, providing businesses with actionable strategies for market growth.

This study investigates the spatial and temporal trends of three major hydro-climatic hazards—droughts, floods, and tropical cyclones—across the SAARC region from 1970 to 2020. Utilizing satellite-derived indices, historical disaster databases, and regional climate models, the research identifies patterns, intensities, and frequencies of these events. The findings aim to inform disaster risk reduction strategies and climate adaptation policies within the SAARC nations.

अनुलोम विलोम प्राणायाम योग की एक प्राचीन श्वास तकनीक है, जिसे आज आधुनिक चिकित्सा पद्धतियों के पूरक के रूप में माना जा रहा है। यह प्राणायाम विधि नासिका के दोनों छिद्रों से वैकल्पिक रूप से श्वास लेने और छोड़ने की प्रक्रिया पर आधारित है। यह अध्ययन अनुलोम विलोम प्राणायाम के हृदय, श्वसन, और तंत्रिका तंत्र पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों की समीक्षा करता है। विभिन्न वैज्ञानिक अध्ययनों, योगग्रंथों, और चिकित्सीय शोधों के माध्यम से यह देखा गया है कि यह प्राणायाम न केवल रक्तचाप को संतुलित करता है बल्कि हृदय गति को भी नियंत्रित करता है। इसके अतिरिक्त, यह फेफड़ों की कार्यक्षमता को बढ़ाने, ऑक्सीजन अवशोषण को सुधारने और तनाव व चिंता जैसे मानसिक विकारों को नियंत्रित करने में सहायक पाया गया है। इस शोध-पत्र का उद्देश्य इस प्राचीन तकनीक के आधुनिक संदर्भ में चिकित्सीय लाभों को उजागर करना है। अनुलोम विलोम प्राणायाम, जिसे नाड़ी शोधन प्राणायाम भी कहा जाता है, योग की एक विशिष्ट और वैज्ञानिक रूप से मान्य श्वसन तकनीक है। यह प्राचीन भारतीय पद्धति श्वास की गति को नियंत्रित कर शारीरिक, मानसिक और आत्मिक संतुलन को बढ़ावा देती है। वर्तमान युग में जीवनशैली संबंधी विकार, तनाव, चिंता, उच्च रक्तचाप, और श्वसन तंत्र की समस्याएं अत्यधिक बढ़ गई हैं, जिनसे निपटने के लिए प्राचीन योगिक पद्धतियों की पुनः प्रासंगिकता स्थापित हो रही है। यह अध्ययन अनुलोम विलोम प्राणायाम के हृदय, श्वसन और तंत्रिका तंत्र पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों का समकालीन वैज्ञानिक साहित्य और पारंपरिक योग ग्रंथों के आधार पर तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण करता है। अध्ययन में पाया गया कि नियमित रूप से अनुलोम विलोम का अभ्यास करने से हृदय की धड़कन और रक्तचाप नियंत्रित होते हैं, हृदय गति परिवर्तनीयता (HRV) में सुधार होता है, और तनाव संबंधी हार्मोन (जैसे कोर्टिसोल) का स्तर घटता है। श्वसन तंत्र की कार्यक्षमता में भी वृद्धि होती है जैसे कि फेफड़ों की क्षमता, श्वसन दर और ऑक्सीजन उपयोगिता में सुधार देखा गया है। तंत्रिका तंत्र की दृष्टि से यह प्राणायाम परासंवेदनात्मक तंत्रिका तंत्र (parasympathetic nervous system) को सक्रिय करता है जिससे मानसिक शांति, ध्यान केंद्रण और भावनात्मक संतुलन प्राप्त होता है। यह तकनीक न्यूरोप्लास्टिसिटी, तनाव नियंत्रण, और ऑटोनोमिक बैलेंस को बढ़ावा देने में सहायक सिद्ध हुई है। इस शोध के निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि अनुलोम विलोम प्राणायाम एक सरल, सुलभ और सशक्त माध्यम है जो समग्र स्वास्थ्य संवर्धन में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा सकता है। इसे न केवल एक योग अभ्यास के रूप में, बल्कि एक निवारक और उपचारात्मक उपकरण के रूप में व्यापक रूप से अपनाया जा सकता है।

भारत और अमेरिका के संबंध इक्कीसवीं सदी की विश्व राजनीति में सबसे अधिक गतिशील, बहुस्तरीय और रणनीतिक साझेदारियों में से एक है। यह द्विपक्षीय संबंध अब केवल पारंपरिक कूटनीति, सैन्य सहयोग या आर्थिक आदान-प्रदान तक सीमित नहीं रह गया है, बल्कि इसके केंद्र में वैश्विक रणनीति, तकनीकी नवाचार, जलवायु परिवर्तन, ऊर्जा सुरक्षा, लोकतांत्रिक मूल्यों की रक्षा और हिंद-प्रशांत क्षेत्र में संतुलन जैसे जटिल तत्व समाहित हो गए हैं। भारत की ‘ग्लोबल साउथ’ में नेतृत्वकारी भूमिका और अमेरिका की वैश्विक प्रभुत्व की आकांक्षा दोनों के बीच समन्वय की निरंतर कोशिशें चल रही हैं। रणनीतिक दृष्टि से देखा जाए तो क्वाड इंडो-पैसिफिक स्ट्रेटजिक फ्रेमवर्क , और 2$2 वार्ताएं इस साझेदारी को संस्थागत स्वरूप देती हैं। तकनीकी क्षेत्र में सेमीकंडक्टर, आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस, और रक्षा उत्पादन में सहयोग भारत को वैश्विक मूल्य श्रृंखला में आगे ला रहा है। साथ ही, व्यापारिक क्षेत्र में भारत की ‘आत्मनिर्भर भारत’ नीति और अमेरिका की ‘फ्रेंडशोरिंग’ रणनीति द्विपक्षीय अवसरों के नए क्षितिज खोलती है। परंतु इस साझेदारी के समक्ष कुछ नीतिगत और वैचारिक चुनौतियाँ भी हैं- जैसे रूस-यूक्रेन युद्ध पर भिन्न दृष्टिकोण, मानवाधिकारों पर मतभेद, और तकनीकी संप्रभुता को लेकर भारत की चिंताएँ। इन चुनौतियों के बावजूद, दोनों देशों के संबंधों में एक व्यावहारिक परिपक्वता दिखाई देती है, जो मतभेदों के बावजूद संवाद और सहयोग को प्राथमिकता देती है।

The rapid proliferation of digital advertising has redefined consumer engagement across urban and rural demographics in Haryana. This study investigates the role of digital advertising in bridging the urban-rural divide, focusing on accessibility, consumer behavior, and the effectiveness of campaigns tailored to diverse audiences. Through an analysis of digital penetration, socio-economic factors, and case studies, this research highlights challenges and strategies for optimizing digital advertising to promote inclusive consumer participation.

The retail industry in Haryana has seen significant growth, with a shift in consumer preferences toward quality service and personalized experiences. This research explores the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty within Haryana's retail sector. By analyzing consumer perceptions and brand relationships, this study aims to identify the key service quality factors influencing customer loyalty. The findings provide valuable insights for retailers seeking to improve their competitive edge by enhancing service quality to foster stronger customer loyalty.

This research aims to explore the behavioral aspects of borrowers that lead to Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) across various sectors. By understanding the decision-making processes, risk assessments, and financial behavior patterns of borrowers, this study identifies key factors influencing NPAs in different sectors, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and services. The analysis also focuses on sectoral variations in borrower behavior, which can help banks and financial institutions develop targeted strategies to mitigate the risk of NPAs. The study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods.

This study investigates the influence of cultural and social values on the online buying preferences of millennials in urban regions of Haryana. As digital commerce grows rapidly, understanding the behavioral dimensions shaped by traditional and contemporary socio-cultural factors becomes crucial. Using a structured questionnaire administered to a representative sample across cities such as Gurugram, Faridabad, Rohtak, and Panipat, the study aims to analyze how cultural beliefs, family influence, peer opinion, and social status shape e-commerce behavior. Findings are expected to offer insights for marketers and policymakers targeting urban youth in semi-traditional settings.

This research paper explores the role of sentiment analysis in understanding consumer perceptions through online product reviews and its subsequent impact on brand reputation. With the proliferation of e-commerce platforms, online reviews have become a crucial source of information for both consumers and businesses. By employing sentiment analysis techniques, such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning, this study investigates the polarity of sentiments (positive, negative, neutral) in consumer reviews and examines how these sentiments influence consumer purchase decisions and shape brand reputation. The findings suggest that positive reviews significantly enhance brand trust and customer loyalty, while negative reviews can lead to reputational damage. This study offers actionable insights for businesses to effectively manage online reviews, improve customer service, and protect brand reputation.

This research explores the nexus between credit risk management techniques and the increase in non-performing assets (NPAs) of Indian banks. Using a quantitative research methodology, questionnaires were administered to 150 banking experts and supported with secondary data from finance reports and RBI publications. The study examined the impact of several elements of credit risk management, including loan recovery procedures, portfolio diversification, credit monitoring systems, risk assessment tools, and credit appraisal processes, on non-performing assets (NPAs) using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression techniques. The results indicate that the most important factors in reducing non-performing assets (NPAs) are credit appraisal and risk assessment, and that there is a strong negative association between NPA growth and best practices for credit risk management. While credit monitoring had a moderate effect, loan recovery and diversification of the portfolio were not very important in the present scenario. The results highlight the importance of sound credit appraisal and risk assessment in managing asset quality and suggest improvements in monitoring and recovery systems. These findings provide important advice for Indian banks and regulators to promote financial.

This paper examines the evolution of Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) in India, focusing on strategies adopted by firms in response to the mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) provisions introduced by the Companies Act, 2013. By analyzing sectoral initiatives, legal compliance, and innovative practices, this study highlights the role of Indian firms in promoting environmental sustainability. The findings reveal significant progress in integrating environmental considerations into corporate strategies, driven by regulatory requirements, stakeholder expectations, and global environmental standards.

Water scarcity and contamination are persistent global challenges. While membrane-based water filtration systems are widely used due to their efficiency, they are prone to damage and degradation over time, reducing their long-term effectiveness. This research presents a novel approach to overcome these limitations through the development of self-healing nanomaterial-based composite membrane layers. By embedding microcapsulated healing agents and nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into polymer matrices, this study aims to enhance both the durability and performance of filtration membranes. The system restores its structural integrity autonomously after mechanical or chemical damage, extending the operational life of the membrane. The study is based on real-time evaluations of mechanical strength, water flux, pollutant rejection, and healing efficiency. The outcomes demonstrate the significant potential of self-healing nanocomposites for sustainable, low-maintenance water filtration technologies.

Palliative care is a new philosophy of care that brings new moral concepts with broader applicability to the healthcare setting. It does not fit well into the traditional biomedical model. Consequently, they contend that a moral dimension unique to palliative care can be identified. As Leslie Bender demonstrates, ethics is giving importance and focusing on care, compassion, availability, dialogue and communication, as well as learning the ability to listen carefully to others and to pay attention to the needs of others. The phenomenology of care has developed into an ethical framework for the work of healthcare professionals, such as nurses, who view care as essential to the treatment of illnesses and the support of patients in need. Being healthy allows one to completely enjoy life and discover new aspects of it. However, the volatility of life, caught between a previous life and an uncertain future, is felt most keenly when disease strikes. The path ahead becomes uncertain, forced, and unavoidable; in these situations, depending on others is usually necessary and typically results in personal misery.

Hygiene assumes an essential part in the counteraction of oral illnesses, including periodontitis, tooth rot, and oral candidiasis. Likewise, numerous logical examinations show a connection between oral wellbeing and cardiovascular sicknesses, diabetes, and even passing. To forestall caries arrangement and periodontal infections, viable oral cleanliness ought to be performed and plaques ought to be taken out, plaque development ought to be forestalled, and strains ought to be eliminated. Patients and dental specialists are confronted with various oral cleanliness items containing dynamic and inert fixings. Albeit synthetic based items are great at oral cleanliness, there are numerous unfriendly impacts of dental cleanliness items, which are sold on the lookout. Viable use of toothbrush, floss, or wash is seen as vital for making oral cleanliness even without utilizing any synthetic compounds. Moreover, albeit well known natural items have assisted with controlling dental plaque and gum disease, their security and viability isn't explored exhaustively. Natural items might offer critical benefits over the synthetic ones with less secondary effects and high antimicrobial potential. Moreover, individuals know about the impacts of home grown items for oral consideration, and their advantage in these items has expanded as of late. Conventional natural based medicines give decreased unfriendly responses of compound partners like protection from anti-toxins, consumption, or staining of teeth. Home grown items, for example, clove and clove oil, coconut oil, pomegranate, green tea, Salvadora persica (meswak), Aloevera, Acacia arabica, Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), Azadirahta indica (neem), and licorice are utilized to advance oral cleanliness, and their inhibitory impact on biofilm development is displayed in various examinations. As indicated by bioactivity concentrates on these species, antibacterial, mitigating, anticariogenic, and astringent properties were noticed for their parts as well as concentrates. On the off chance that such home grown items can be formed really, this might prompt an improvement in the overall dental wellbeing of the populace. Summed up here are such normal items, which might be utilized successfully in the business plans as well as private item.

In today's digital world, social networking apps are commonplace and offer users easy ways to communicate, share information, and engage with others. However, the growing risks of identity theft, data breaches, and illegal access have raised questions about the security and privacy of these apps. Finding flaws and vulnerabilities in the cryptographic systems of social networking apps is made possible by cryptanalysis, the science of examining and cracking cryptographic protocols. In this survey, we examine the most recent cryptanalysis methods used in social networking applications, such as secure messaging, key management, authentication, and encryption algorithms. We examine the advantages and disadvantages of these cryptographic methods and talk about typical attack methods and defenses. We also discuss new developments and potential paths in cryptanalysis for social networking apps, including post-quantum cryptography, blockchain, and quantum computing. By giving researchers, practitioners, and policymakers a thorough picture of the state of cryptanalysis in relation to social networking apps, this survey hopes to highlight the opportunities and difficulties associated with protecting these widely used communication channels.

Exposure to blue light is an ongoing and often disregarded issue in this age of digital displays dominating work, learning, and pleasure. Electronic devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and LED displays generate high-energy visible (HEV) light, which has been associated with many minor but possibly harmful impacts on eye health. In contrast to the more obvious signs of digital eye strain, the long-term effects of staring at screens all day may cause damage to your retinas, speed up the ageing process, throw off your circadian rhythm, and leave you feeling mentally exhausted. This article delves into the less obvious effects of blue light on eyesight and health, highlighting the need of raising awareness and implementing preventative measures to safeguard eye health in a society heavily reliant on technology.

Kidney disorders, encompassing conditions such as acute kidney injuries and chronic kidney disease (CKD), require multifaceted management strategies to slow disease progression, alleviate symptoms, and maintain patient quality of life. This article explores comprehensive approaches to managing kidney disorders through medical treatment, lifestyle modifications, and continuous monitoring. In addition to treatments like dialysis and kidney transplantation for more severe cases, medical management involves the use of drugs to regulate blood- pressure, cholesterol, and many other diseases. Dietary modifications, including reduced sodium intake and protein management, alongside regular physical activity, play a crucial role in preserving kidney function. Emotional and psychological support, patient education, and the involvement of healthcare professionals are emphasized as essential components of effective management. Patients can benefit from a mix of these treatments to enhance their health and quality of life.

एकात्म मानववाद और समावेशी विकास के बीच गहरा सम्बन्ध है। दोनों ही अवधरणाएॅं व्यक्ति, समाज और राष्ट्र के सन्तुलित एवं समग्र विकास की बात करती है। समावेशी विकास में समाज में असमानता को कम करना, गरीबी हटाना, अवसरों की समानता, सामाजिक न्याय की सुनिश्चितता आदि को बढावा दिया जाता है। समावेशी विकास में समाज के सभी वर्गो को शामिल किया जाता है, जबकि एकात्म मानववाद में व्यक्ति और समाज का समग्र विकास किया जाता है। समावेशी विकास में समाज के सभी वंचित वर्गो को समाहित किया जाता है, जबकि एकात्म मानववाद में व्यक्ति जो समाज का अभिन्न अंग होते है उनको शामिल किया जाता है। समावेशी विकास में सामाजिक- आर्थिक समावेशन पर बल दिया जाता है, जबकि एकात्म मानववाद में सांस्कृतिक, आध्यात्मिक और भौतिक सन्तुलन स्थापित किया जाता है। इसी प्रकार समावेशी विकास में समान अवसर और समान सामाजिक न्याय को बढ़ावा दिया जाता है जबकि एकात्म मानववाद धर्म आधारित कर्तव्य निर्भर समाज व्यवस्था के निर्माण पर बल प्रदान किया जाता है। अतः समावेशी विकास में समतामूलक समाज के निर्माण पर बल देकर सन्तुलित, समरस और नैतिक समाज का निर्माण किया जा सकता है। समरसता और समता दोनों ही विचारधाराएॅं समाज में भेदभाव नहीं चाहती है। एकात्म मानववाद की समावेशी विकास की विचारधारा मानव केन्द्रित दृष्टिकोण अपना कर मानव कल्याण हेतु तत्पर रहती है। जिससे समाज के हर व्यक्ति में सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्व का विकास हो सके। एकात्म मानववाद स्थानीयता और संस्कृति को स्थानीय आवाश्यकताओं के अनुसार बढ़ाया जा सकता है। भारत की वैदिक परम्परा आध्यात्मिकता से पूर्णतः प्रभावित है, जो समाज की समता व राष्ट्रीय समृद्धि का परिचायक है। भूमि तथा जनजीवन का भावात्मक तादात्म वैदिक काल से ही भारत में परिलक्षित दिखाई देता है। अर्थात् दान, यज्ञ, गौपालन, कृषि व अर्थव्यवस्था की तत्कालीन सामाजिक जीवन की समताप समरसता के रुप में समावेशी विकास दिखाई देता है। चूँकि भारतीय वैदिक विचारधारा ब्रह्मवाद से परिपूर्ण है। जो मनुष्य को ब्रह्म के साक्षात्कार हेतु प्रेरित करने का अवसर प्रदान करती है तथा वनस्पति व प्रकृति के प्रति पूज्य भाव रखने वाली भी है, साथ ही मानवता का पूर्ण पाठ पढ़ाने वाली जागृत मनोवृत्तियों को प्रोत्साहित करने के उद्देश्य से समावेशी विकास प्रदान करती है।

कोविड-19 महामारी ने वैश्विक शिक्षा प्रणाली में अभूतपूर्व परिवर्तन लाए हैं। इस अध्ययन का उ‌द्देश्य महामारी के बाद शिक्षा क्षेत्र में डिजिटल क्रांति के प्रभावों का विश्लेषण करना है। इस शोध में ऑनलाइन शिक्षा के माध्यम, तकनीकी चुनौतियों, शिक्षकों और विद्यार्थियों पर इसके प्रभाव तथा शिक्षा में आए बदलावों का समय अवलोकन किया गया है। परिणामस्वरूप यह पाया गया कि डिजिटल शिक्षा ने सीखने के तरीके में क्रांतिकारी बदलाव किए हैं, साथ ही तकनीकी असमानताएँ और डिजिटल पहुँच से जुड़ी समस्याएँ भी सामने आई है। यह अध्ययन शिक्षा के भविष्य के लिए महत्वपूर्ण सुझाव प्रदान करता है।

Despite the enactment of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA), 2005, domestic violence remains deeply entrenched in Indian society. The judiciary plays a critical role in interpreting, enforcing, and sometimes, redefining the scope of this law. This paper critically examines the dual nature of the Indian judiciary—as both a protector and a perpetuator of patriarchal norms. Using doctrinal analysis and selected case reviews from various High Courts and the Supreme Court, the study uncovers inconsistencies in judicial attitudes, ambiguous enforcement patterns, and gendered assumptions that affect the delivery of justice. The paper concludes by arguing for a gender-sensitive judicial reform approach that bridges the gap between legal intent and judicial outcomes.

This study highlights the transformative impact of digital platforms like Zerodha, Groww, and Upstox on women’s participation in India’s financial markets. Traditionally excluded due to socio-cultural barriers and limited financial education, women now use these platforms to access shares and collective investment schemes (CIS) with ease. Offering user-friendly interfaces, real-time data, and educational tools, these platforms enhance financial literacy and empower women to make informed decisions. By eliminating barriers such as geographical constraints and reliance on intermediaries, digital platforms enable women, especially in urban and rural areas, to build investment portfolios and achieve financial independence. The transparency and anonymity of these tools further boost women’s confidence in managing finances. This research underscores the role of digital platforms in bridging the gender gap in financial participation, fostering empowerment, and promoting economic growth. It urges policymakers and financial institutions to design inclusive products that advance gender equality in India’s financial ecosystem.

This research explores how modern Indian English theatre continues to grapple with the lingering influences of colonialism, referred to here as "colonial hangovers." Drawing from postcolonial theory and decolonial frameworks, the paper examines how Indian playwrights writing in English have resisted, subverted, and redefined colonial legacies. Through a close reading of plays by Mahesh Dattani, Manjula Padmanabhan, and Girish Karnad, this study illustrates how themes such as cultural mimicry, identity crisis, language politics, and social alienation are addressed within a decolonial context. The paper asserts that Indian English theatre, while operating within a language once imposed by colonial rulers, reclaims space for indigenous expression and resists neocolonial hegemony.

This study examines the association of employee engagement dimensions on organization performance in competitive industries of Hyderabad, India. As organizations in cities deal with the intense pressure to boost productivity and keep employees happy and engaged, a clear understanding of what engagement means and how it affects its practitioners is essential. It isolates four major engagement factors—job satisfaction, recognition and rewards, career development, and communication and transparency—to explore their impact on organizational productivity (as measured by output per employee, retention, and overall revenue growth). Data were primarily collected through structured questionnaires and interviews from 150 employees working in IT, pharmaceutical and manufacturing firms utilizing descriptive-correlational research design. Findings indicate a positive relationship between engagement and productivity exists, with communication and recognition chief among them. Strategic implications This research offers a strategic lens for HR practitioners and organizations for crafting focused engagement interventions to achieve sustainable growth in competitive environments.

This research paper explores how the service sector in Haryana has transformed through the use of social media during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study examines the role of platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, and YouTube in enabling business continuity, enhancing customer engagement, and driving digital marketing efforts. It further investigates the long-term changes in consumer behavior, marketing strategies, and service delivery models. Using primary data from surveys and interviews with service sector stakeholders and secondary data from government and industry reports, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the digital shift accelerated by the pandemic.

यह शोध हिंदी साहित्य के क्षेत्र में दलित आंदोलनों और साहित्यिक सक्रियता के संगम की खोज करता है। यह जांचता है कि सदियों से चले आ रहे जातिगत उत्पीड़न में निहित दलित आख्यान किस तरह साहित्य को प्रतिरोध और आत्म-अभिव्यक्ति के रूप में इस्तेमाल करते हैं। समाजशास्त्रीय ढाँचों का उपयोग करते हुए, अध्ययन हाशिए पर पड़ी आवाज़ों को बुलंद करने, पहचान की राजनीति को बढ़ावा देने और सामाजिक सुधार में योगदान देने में साहित्यिक सक्रियता की भूमिका की जांच करता है। अंतःविषय दृष्टिकोण के माध्यम से, यह शोधपत्र सामाजिक-राजनीतिक परिवर्तन के एक उपकरण के रूप में दलित साहित्य की परिवर्तनकारी क्षमता को रेखांकित करता है।

The rise of mobile commerce (m-commerce) in India marks a transformative shift in consumer behavior, driven by increased smartphone penetration, digital payment systems, and internet connectivity. In Haryana, a state balancing rapid urbanization and agrarian roots, government initiatives have played a pivotal role in fostering digital adoption. This study investigates the impact of national and state-level programs—such as Digital India, BharatNet, PM-WANI, Startup India, and UPI-based digital payments—on the growth of m-commerce in Haryana. Using a mixed-methods approach involving consumer surveys, retailer feedback, and expert interviews, the research reveals that these initiatives have significantly enhanced mobile internet access, increased awareness of digital payments, and encouraged entrepreneurship in cities like Gurugram and Faridabad. However, challenges persist in rural areas due to limited digital literacy, infrastructure gaps, and security concerns. The findings suggest that while government support has catalyzed m-commerce adoption, targeted interventions—particularly in semi-urban and rural zones—are needed to unlock its full potential. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations to bridge the digital divide and ensure inclusive growth of mobile commerce in the region.

The rapid growth of organized retail chains in North India has transformed consumer shopping experiences, demanding an in-depth understanding of consumer behavioral intentions and value perceptions in this evolving marketplace. This study investigates the key factors influencing consumer purchase intentions and perceived value in organized retail settings across major cities in North India. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 400 consumers through structured questionnaires and interviews. The findings reveal that economic, emotional, functional, and social value dimensions significantly affect consumers' perceived value, which in turn shapes their behavioral intentions such as loyalty, repeat purchase, and word-of-mouth recommendations. The study highlights the critical role of service quality, product assortment, and convenience in enhancing consumer perceived value. The insights contribute to retail marketing strategies aimed at strengthening consumer engagement and sustaining competitive advantage in the organized retail sector. The paper also offers practical implications for retailers and policymakers to adapt to changing consumer expectations in the region.

भारत रत्न बाबा साहब भीमराव अंबेडकर किसी परिचय के मोहताज नहीं है। बाबा साहब एक बहुमुखी प्रतिभा के धनी व्यक्ति थे। वह एक सच्चे देशभक्त महान नेता एवं समाज सुधारक थे। उन्होंने देश के प्रति जो योगदान दिया है। उसको कोई नकार नहीं सकता। देश को कमजोर करने वाली समस्याओं को समझा, एक अन्वेशी की तरह इन सभी समस्याओं के कारणो का पता करने का प्रयास किया। हमारे समाज में जो जाति व्यवस्था का पौधा पनप चुका था। उसको समाज के लिए घातक मानते थे, यह प्रजातंत्र का भी विरोधी था। बाबा साहब वर्ण व्यवस्था व्यवस्था को जाति व्यवस्था की जननी मानते थे। जो मनुष्य दूसरे मनुष्य के साथ अमानवीय व्यवहार करें, उसके साथ छुआछूत, भेदभाव बरते, वह मनुष्य सभ्य नहीं कहा जा सकता, जो समाज ऐसी रूढ़िवादी या मानवीय व्यवहार करने की आज्ञा दे वह एक सभ्य समाज नहीं कहा जा सकता। हमारे यहां आज जो विभिन्न प्रकार की कुप्रथाओं को अवैध करार दिया गया है। वह बाबा साहब के अथक व निस्वार्थ प्रयास का ही परिणाम है। बाबा साहब के विभिन्न लेख एवं भाषण क्रांतिकारी वैचारिकता एवं नैतिकता के दर्शन सूत्र हैं। भारतीय समाज के साथ-साथ संपूर्ण विश्व में जहां कहीं भी विषमता वादी भेदभाव या छुआछूत मौजूद है ऐसे समस्त समाज को दमन शोषण तथा अन्याय से मुक्त करने के लिए डॉक्टर अंबेडकर का दृष्टिकोण व जीवन संघर्ष एक उज्ज्वल पथ प्रशस्त करता है। अतः मेरे द्वारा इस शोध पत्र में बाबा साहेब द्वारा जिस समता मूलक स्वतंत्रता की गरिमा से पूर्ण बंधुता वाले समाज निर्माण के लिए देश की जनता का आह्वान किया था उसका सूक्ष्म अध्ययन कर लोगों को उनके योगदान से अवगत कराने का प्रयास किया गया है।

आधुनिक मानव की आर्थिक, सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक उन्नति उसके प्राकृतिक व मानवीय संसाधनों के समुचित उपयोग पर निर्भर है। प्राकृतिक तत्वों के उपयोग के सदर्भ में मनुष्य की केन्द्रीय स्थिति होती है और मनुष्य की क्रियात्मक, संरचनात्मक व सामाजिक नियंत्रण की क्रियाओं के द्वारा प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण में परिवर्तन होता है। मनुष्य ने बंजर भूमि में आवश्यक सुधार व परिवर्तन कर इसके कृषि योग्य बनाया, नदियों पर बाधों का निर्माण कर विनाशकारी बाढ़ों को नियंत्रित किया, मरूस्थलों में अपने अथक प्रयासों से सिंचाई सुविधा उपलब्ध करवाकर मरूद्यानों में परिवर्तन किया। अध्ययन क्षेत्र की मरूस्थलीय पारिस्थितिकीय तंत्र में भूमि संसाधन तथा जल संसाधन के कुशल प्रबन्धन से ही इस क्षेत्र को पोषणीय विकास के लिए सुदृढ़ बनाया जा सकता है। विकासशील देशों के आर्थिक विकास की आर्थिक क्रियाओं में विशेष रूप से कृषि संसाधनों का अत्यधिक योगदान रहा है। भारत जैसे विकासशील देश में जहाँ निरन्तर बढ़ती हुई जनसंख्या के कारण लगातार कृषि भूमि क्षेत्र कम होता जा रहा है। भूमि उपयोग का बदलता स्वरूप समय, समाज, और आर्थिक परिस्थितियों के अनुसार बदलता रहता है। यह बदलाव प्राकृतिक संसाधनों के उपयोग, मानव गतिविधियों, और पर्यावरणीय प्रभावों के कारण होता है। भूमि उपयोग का बदलना कृषि, शहरीकरण, उद्योग, और अन्य मानवीय गतिविधियों पर निर्भर करता है।

The fusion of visual and applied arts with fashion design has created an interdisciplinary bridge that redefines the aesthetic and cultural dimensions of garments. This paper explores how Cubism, Ragamala miniature paintings, and Gothic-Mughal architectural motifs have served as design catalysts in contemporary clothing. Through case studies, visual analysis, and designer interviews, this research identifies how these art forms contribute to material, structure, and surface embellishment choices in modern fashion. The study ultimately positions garments not merely as wearable commodities but as mobile art pieces embedded with history and cultural reinterpretation.

‘‘खुदी को कर बुलन्द इतना हर तकदीर से पहले खुदा बंदे से पूछे बता तेरी रजा क्या है’’ कवि इकबाल के इस शेयर से किसानों को संघर्ष करने के लिए प्रेरित करने वाले चौधरी छोटूराम युग पुरुष के रूप में पहचाने जाते हैं। चौधरी छोटूराम हरियाणा के प्रमुख राजनेता तथा विचारक थे। किसान तथा कृषि की दशा को सुधारने में चौधरी छोटूराम ने अतुलनीय योगदान दिया। किसान एवं गरीब वर्ग के बच्चों के भविष्य को उज्जवल करने व मजदूर किसानों को अंग्रेज अधिकारियों के शोषण से बचाने हेतु दीन बन्धु छोटूराम ने अंहिसक क्रान्ति का सूत्रपात किया। छोटूराम जी का मत था - हमारे आर्थिक और राजनीतिक जीवन का केन्द्र बिन्दु किसान है। उसकी उन्नति सबको दिल से चाहनी चाहिए। क्योंकि यदि किसान का बुरा हाल है तो सबका बुरा हाल है तथा किसान समृ़द्ध है तो सब समृद्ध है। यदि किसान बचता है तो सब बच सकते हैं और यदि किसान बरबाद होता है तो उसकी बरबादी में सबकी बरबादी है । बचपन में आर्थिक विषमता का दंश झेल रहे चौधरी छोटूराम ने कमेरे वर्ग को सशक्त बनाने का हर सम्भव प्रयास किया । अंग्रेजी सरकार ने उन्हें ‘सर’ की उपाधि से विभूषित किया और जन साधारण ने उन्हें रहबरे आजम, किसान मसीहा और दीनबन्धु का नाम दिया।

The imposition of the death penalty in modern democracies is often shaped not only by legal principles but also by societal perceptions and media narratives. In India, the public demand for harsh punishment in high-profile cases, amplified by the media, often exerts subtle pressure on judicial outcomes. This paper explores the sociological and legal dimensions of how public opinion and media coverage influence death penalty verdicts. Drawing from key judgments, media trials, and empirical studies, the paper examines the risk of justice being swayed by popular sentiment rather than constitutional values and judicial objectivity.

A series of Sm3+ and Nd3+ activated SrCaP2O7 pyrophosphate phosphors were combined by solid state diffusion technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) properties of these phosphors were studied at room temperature. The excitation spectra indicate that these phosphors can be effectively excited by mercury-free excitation. Excitation spectrum of SrCaP2O7:Sm3+ phosphors viewed at 564 nm and excitation observed in the 300 nm to 450 nm wavelength region. And the emission spectrum sequences from 550 to 650 nm, with the main peaks located at 564 nm, 602 nm, and 647 nm, resemble transitions 4G5/2→6H5/2, 4G5/2→6H7/2. Whereas, the excitation spectrum of SrCaP2O7:Nd3+ reveals that the doped samples have a sharp UV excitation peak located at 437 nm, which is attributed to band-to-band transitions. It is quite interesting to note that in the emission spectra of SrCaP2O7:Nd3+ phosphors, the emission from the host material at 708 nm corresponds to the I9/2→H11/2 absorption band of Nd3+. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) was scanned at room temperature and the surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared phosphor exhibited intense orange red emission and near infrared region with Hg-free excitation, which is advantageous in solid-state illumination excitation. Therefore, the availability of such a phosphor would benefit significantly in the development of solid-state lighting applications.

वर्तमान समय में युवा वयस्कों (18–25 वर्ष) के बीच मानसिक तनाव एक सामान्य समस्या बन गई है। अत्यधिक शैक्षणिक दबाव, कैरियर की चिंता, सामाजिक अपेक्षाएँ, और डिजिटल तकनीक के दुष्प्रभाव मानसिक असंतुलन का कारण बनते हैं। यह अध्ययन योग को एक वैकल्पिक तनाव-प्रबंधन पद्धति के रूप में प्रस्तुत करता है और इसके प्रभावों का विश्लेषण करता है। अध्ययन में पाया गया कि नियमित योगाभ्यास, विशेषकर प्राणायाम, ध्यान और आसनों का संयोजन, युवा वयस्कों के मानसिक तनाव में उल्लेखनीय कमी लाता है।

John Keats devoted his life to poetry and beauty when one considers his modest origins. Compared to his fellow romantic poets, Keats had a deeper commitment to poetry. The fact that Keats achieved more in a shorter time than other poets have in decades is what makes his achievements in English poetry remarkable. Critics regarded Keats's poetry as immature because of the abundance of gloom and doom in his early writings. So, in the first step, we see his rejection, The Everlasting No. In the second part of his poetry, titled "Centre of Indifference," he reflects on his past, longs for it, and bemoans his present. Therefore, he depicts an idealized world instead of a realistic one. At his finest, Keats harnesses the power of poetry to convey his growing interest in the relationship between art and life, between realism and beauty, between joy and misery, and between the polar opposites of these emotions. The Everlasting Yea, his affirmation, is on show during this phase. Keats' "odes" are his most accomplished works, and they show the poet at his best. It is clear from John Keats's letters that he was aware of the difficulties portrayed in his most famous poems. In this article, a comprehensive review on beauty, nature and human connection on socialism with special reference to the aesthetic experience in Keats' Odes has been discussed.

The atrocities committed during India's partition are unpleasant thoughts for everybody. The event was momentous for the entire globe since no nation had ever been so religiously divided before. The second important aspect was mass migration. The level of extreme violence, including murders, rapes, and more, skyrocketed after partition. The violence of Partition which included killings, rapes, kidnappings, looting, and banditry remains a psychological scar on the South Asian people. The Indian Partition was the most massive and terrible mass migration that the twentieth century has ever seen. The religious intolerance that Partition sowed is still very much present in our own country. The spread of religiously motivated terrorist attacks has only served to inflame tensions further. The world can't afford to deal with disasters like this one, therefore let's not forget what happened and how it affected the subcontinent's politics, society, economy, and religion. In this article, systematic review on trauma of partition reflected in the novels has been discussed.

आधुनिक युग में जीवनशैली विकारों की समस्या तेजी से बढ़ती जा रही है, जो वैश्विक स्वास्थ्य के लिए एक गंभीर चुनौती बन चुकी है। मोटापा, उच्च रक्तचाप, मधुमेह, हृदय रोग, मानसिक तनाव और अन्य अनेक संबंधित रोग आज की जीवनशैली के प्रमुख दुष्परिणाम हैं। ये सभी विकार मुख्य रूप से असंतुलित खान-पान, शारीरिक निष्क्रियता, अत्यधिक मानसिक दबाव, तनाव और अनियमित जीवनशैली के कारण उत्पन्न होते हैं। तैलीय और जंक फूड का बढ़ता सेवन, लंबे समय तक बैठे रहना, पर्याप्त नींद न लेना, और तनावपूर्ण जीवनशैली ने इन रोगों के बढ़ने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है। इन समस्याओं से न केवल शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य प्रभावित होता है, बल्कि मानसिक स्वास्थ्य भी खराब होता है, जिससे व्यक्ति की जीवन गुणवत्ता और उत्पादकता पर भी नकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ता है। ऐसे समय में योग और पोषण जैसे प्राकृतिक, सरल और वैज्ञानिक उपायों का सहारा लेकर इन जीवनशैली विकारों का प्रभावी समाधान किया जा सकता है। योग शारीरिक, मानसिक और आध्यात्मिक स्वास्थ्य को संतुलित करता है, जबकि संतुलित पोषण शरीर को आवश्यक ऊर्जा और पोषक तत्व प्रदान कर शरीर की रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता को मजबूत बनाता है। इस शोध-पत्र में हम जीवनशैली विकारों के कारणों, इनके शरीर और मन पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों, और योग तथा पोषण के माध्यम से इन विकारों के उपचार और प्रबंधन के तरीकों पर गहराई से चर्चा करेंगे, ताकि इन रोगों से बचाव और उनके प्रभावी नियंत्रण के लिए एक समग्र एवं व्यावहारिक मार्गदर्शन उपलब्ध हो सके।

In the Classroom, socialenvironment plays an important role in development for School-aged children. Student gain experiences which helps the classroom environment to develop their behavioral, social and academic skills. This study explored the classroom management practices used by sampled school in Mahottari district. The objectives of the study were, to investigate the science classroom management practices in school at secondary level school, to find out the existing situation of physical resources in science classroom at secondary level in Mahottari district and to explore how classroom management practices results exert impact on the student’s science learning outcome. There were three theories (skinner's Operant Conditioning (1960), Glasser's Choice Theory (198) and Kant's Students directed learning Theory (2006) selected for thestudy. This study was adopted case study. The design of the study was qualitative research. The population of this study was ten grade student ofMahottari District inthe academic year 2024. Shree Janta Secondary, Madai and Shree Mahendra Aadarsh Mahila Secondary, Jaleshwor. School were purposively selected as simple school from which 30 students were randomly selected. Observation and questionnaire were the major tools for data collection students, science teacher, and head teacher ofthe schools were selected for the respondent.

Rabindranath Tagore, the polymath poet and Nobel laureate, remains one of the most revered figures in Indian literature. His literary oeuvre, written in Bengali, has been repeatedly reimagined in Indian cinema, particularly in Bengali and Hindi films. This paper investigates how Tagore’s works have been reinterpreted in cinematic adaptations, focusing on the cultural, philosophical, and gendered dimensions of such reinterpretations. By analyzing key film adaptations such as Charulata (1964), Ghare Baire (1984), and Chokher Bali (2003), this study explores how filmmakers have translated Tagore’s nuanced storytelling into visual form, reflecting contemporary sociopolitical contexts and aesthetic innovations. The paper also assesses how these adaptations both preserve and transform Tagore's legacy.