One of the most cutting-edge areas of study is the delivery of drugs to cancer cells during chemotherapy. Current cancer therapy medications are ineffective because they can't differentiate between cancer cells and normal cells; as a result, they destroy both types of cells. To get around this problem and take advantage of the fact that cancer cells differ from normal cells in terms of their physical and chemical properties, drug-delivering nanoparticles (NPs) are engineered in a particular way

The potential of the medicinal plants in the Kashmir Valley as sources of bioactive chemicals is highlighted by this study, which examines their biodiversity. The research focuses on the systematic identification and characterisation of these chemicals using bioactivity-guided fractionation methods. A variety of biological activities, including antioxidant and antibacterial qualities, are assessed in this study, which starts with plant selection and extraction and continues with fractionation an

Owing to the potential therapeutic benefits of these bioactive chemicals, optimizing tissue culture to increase the synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants has become imperative. With pharmacological advantages including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer characteristics, secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics are important for both human health and plant defense. Nonetheless, growing circumstances and environmental variables ofte

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative illness marked by intracellular protein clumps called Lewy bodies and the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation pathways linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, according to recent studies. By targeting genes involved in antioxidant defense systems, mitochondrial activity, and alpha-synuclein aggregation, miRNAs influence oxida

The purpose of this study is to better understand how customer attitudes and perceptions affect how mobile marketing influences retail purchase decisions. The study investigates the effects of perceived informativeness, entertainment value, trustworthiness of marketing messages, availability of incentives, and discomfort produced by mobile marketing on consumer behavior. It does this by using a descriptive research approach and a diagnostic research design. Data collection comprised structured q

This study examines how leadership styles affect employee engagement at WAPDA, a bureaucratic government entity in a growing South Asian economy. The research uses a theoretical framework to identify autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles as independent factors and employee motivation as the dependent variable. The study examines these links using a multiple regression model and literature-based hypotheses: H1, H2, and H3 suggest that authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-f

This study examines the complex relationship between socioeconomic characteristics and support for political parties, with a particular focus on rural Haryana's Indian National Congress (INC). The varied socioeconomic environment seen in Haryana's rural areas is influenced by cultural dynamics, educational possibilities, economic inequities, and agricultural methods. In these areas, the INC has historically maintained a strong political presence due to a variety of factors, including wealth, edu

Drama is one of the most dynamic literary genres because it can interact directly with an audience in real time and provide viewers with a cathartic experience. It has its own universe, where the behaviors, feelings, and attitudes of the characters reflect human sensitivities and experiences. It is writing that comes to life, bringing readers to tears, laughing, and voices. In all of world literature, it is the most potent genre. Greece, Rome, England, and India all have longstanding dramatic tr

This study looks at how globalization has affected higher education, specifically how changes in policy have affected both public and private colleges. It looks at how higher education systems have undergone substantial changes as a result of the growing interconnectivity of economies and cultures, forcing universities to implement new tactics in order to stay competitive. While private colleges are growing their market share and forming worldwide alliances, public universities are diversifying

Polymeric nanocomposites, combining organic polymers and inorganic nanoparticles, are emerging as high-performance materials with vast applications across various fields including biomedical, environmental, and energy sectors. These hybrid materials offer superior mechanical, electroactive, and thermal properties due to the synergistic interaction between the polymer matrix and the nanoparticles. Despite their potential, challenges such as nanoparticle dispersion within the polymer matrix need t

The Kashmir Valley is a highly desirable site for phytochemical research focused at isolating and characterizing new chemicals from native herbs due to its rich botanical heritage and diverse flora. The present research endeavors are centered around the identification of bioactive components from herbs found in the Kashmir Valley by use of sophisticated procedures for extraction, isolation, and characterization. The abstract highlights the potential pharmacological properties of these chemicals,

MSMEs, or micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, are vital to the Indian economy since they greatly increase GDP, employment, and innovation. Backward class workers make up a sizable portion of the workforce in this industry and face particular possibilities and difficulties. It is critical to comprehend the abilities and performance of this vital workforce in order to promote inclusive growth and realise its full potential. The assessment of backward class workers' performance and capabili

A significant trend in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in developing nations, is the rising use of generic versions of brand-name drugs. This study paper "Consumer Perception and Market Performance of Generic Medicines in Nagpur" seeks to investigate the several elements that affect consumer attitudes towards generic medications and how such attitudes affect the market performance in Nagpur city. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, collecting data from a wide range of people incl

Iron deficiency, a prevalent issue in global health, impacts a large number of individuals and can result in symptoms such as weariness, difficulty breathing, and other incapacitating effects. Although blood tests are considered the most reliable method for diagnosis, they can be inconvenient and intrusive. This dissertation explores the promising possibilities of machine learning in providing a non-invasive method for detecting iron insufficiency. Anemia caused by insufficient iron levels is a

Throughout human history, psychoactive substances have held a significant place, with early records depicting their usage. Over time, it has become evident that certain individuals have engaged in excessive drug consumption, leading to associated problems. In recent decades, research endeavors and treatment interventions have notably escalated. Despite this, the precise etiology of substance abuse disorders remains elusive. Current evidence suggests a multifaceted interplay between biological pr

This article examines the critical role of expressed breast milk (EBM) in supporting the health and development of preterm infants, who often face significant nutritional and immunological challenges due to their early arrival. EBM provides a vital source of nutrition tailored to the needs of preterm infants, offering essential nutrients and immune factors that protect against infections and promote growth. The article discusses the difficulties associated with direct breastfeeding for preterm i

This article explores the critical role that partners and extended family members play in supporting mothers experiencing postnatal depression (PND). It highlights how close observation by partners can lead to early detection and intervention, discusses the importance of facilitating self-care activities, and emphasizes the value of practical support such as childcare and household assistance. Additionally, it underscores the necessity of creating a non-judgmental and supportive environment, res

E-commerce markets are growing at noticeable rates. The online market is expected to grow by 56% in 2015–2020.E-commerce allows customers to overcome geographical barriers and allows them to purchase products anytime and from anywhere. Retailing in India is one of the pillars of its economy and accounts for about 10 percent of its GDP. The Indian retail market is estimated to be worth $1.3 trillion as of 2022 and estimated to reach $2 Tn by 2032. India is one of the fastest growing retail market

जेंडर समानता न केवल एक मौलिक मानव अधिकार है, बल्कि एक शांतिपूर्ण, समृद्ध और सतत विश्व के लिए एक आवश्यक आधार भी है। जेंडर का तात्पर्य महिलाओं और पुरुषों की सामाजिक रूप से निर्मित विशेषताओं से हैं, जैसे मानदंड, भूमिकाएं और महिलाओं व पुरुषों के समूह के बीच संबंध। यह समाज से समाज में भिन्न होता है और बदला जा सकता है। जेंडर एक सामाजिक निर्मित है जो बच्चा, समाजीकरण की प्रक्रिया द्वारा समाज के नियम एवं मानदंडों को सीखना और व्यवहार में लाता है। जेंडर में पुरुषों और महिलाओं दोनों को समान सदस्यों के रूप म

यह लेख भारत में मानवाधिकारों के साथ न्यायिक सक्रियता के सम्बन्धों को जानने का प्रयास है। कानून और न्याय मानव विकास की शुरुआत के बाद से ही अस्तित्व में रहे, कानून और न्याय के बिना एक प्रबुद्ध रूप में समाज का निर्माण करना कठिन था, जाहिर तौर पर समाज और समय दोनों गतिशील रहते हैं और इसलिए कानून और न्याय प्रारंभिक काल में बने रहते हैं, लेकिन वे मुख्य रूप से नैतिकता पर आधारित थे, भारतीय संरचनाओं में धर्म की गहरी अंतर्निहित पृष्ठभूमि है, जो हमें इसकी विशाल राजनीतिक और कानूनी सोच के बारे में बताती है, का

Ayurveda is a holistic system of medicine that is indigenous to and widely practiced in India. The word Ayurveda is a Sanskrit term meaning “science of life”. AYU means “life” or “daily living”. And VEDA is “knowing”. Ayurveda was first recorded in the VEDAS, the world’s oldest extant Rerature. This healing system has been practiced in daily life in India for more than 5,000 years. Ayurveda is the science of life which balance us in being healthy. Medicinal plants have always been considered a healthy source of life for all people. Ayurveda already has a list of plants whose efficiency in the treatment and control of common illnesses has been proven beyond doubt over several centuries. India has come up with a tested package of plants and medical herbs that are useful in the treatment of common illnesses like fevers. Headaches, dysentery, jaundice and stomach problems and which can be easily grown in household gardens and directly consumed by people who may require them. The package of

Organ donation is a lifesaving process that helps thousands of people worldwide. However, various misconceptions and myths surround the process, discouraging potential donors. Organ donation saves countless lives, but misconceptions and myths surround the process. These myths can discourage people from registering as donors, ultimately harming those awaiting transplantation. It's essential to address and quash these myths, providing accurate information to encourage informed decision-making.

With an emphasis on the Nagpur area and a case study of Maruti Suzuki vehicles, this research explores the complex interplay between advertising, price sensitivity, and customer behaviour in the automotive sector. Understanding the factors that influence customer decisions is crucial for those involved in the automobile business, which is seeing rapid changes in consumer tastes and market dynamics. This research seeks to shed light on the intersection of advertising techniques and price sensitivity in influencing customer purchase habits in the Nagpur automobile market. It employs a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and data analysis. This research aims to offer valuable insights for marketers, policymakers, and industry players by studying how consumers perceive, react to, and behave towards Maruti Suzuki cars in response to advertising stimuli and price fluctuations. The goal is to help them navigate the competitive landscape and improve their market positioning.

This study critically examines the representation and diversity in Indian fashion advertising, exploring how cultural, social, and economic factors influence the portrayal of diverse groups in fashion advertisements. Despite India's diverse population, fashion advertising has historically been criticized for perpetuating narrow beauty standards, marginalizing certain communities, and reinforcing social hierarchies. This research investigates the extent to which Indian fashion advertising reflects and challenges traditional cultural and social norms, focusing on representation across factors such as skin tone, body type, age, ability, caste, and ethnicity. A content analysis of 300 fashion advertisements from leading Indian fashion brands and magazines reveals a persistent lack of diversity, with underrepresentation of darker-skinned individuals, older adults, and individuals with disabilities. Furthermore, the study finds that advertisements often reinforce harmful beauty standards, p

The transformative journey of Celie, the protagonist of The Color Purple, and her emancipation from a victim of abuse to a self-assertive, empowered woman. Through an analysis framed by feminist and intersectionality theories, it argues that Celie’s path to self-discovery and independence is achieved through key elements: supportive relationships with other women, a rejection of patriarchal norms, and the exploration of her own desires. By emphasizing the intersection of race, gender, and class, the study contributes to ongoing discussions of social justice, highlighting how Celie’s story challenges dominant cultural narratives. The novel celebrates the resilience and power of African American women, illustrating how solidarity and self-exploration play crucial roles in achieving empowerment for marginalized individuals. Ultimately, the study asserts that The Color Purple is a powerful portrayal of the transformative potential of self-discovery and the importance of women’s networks in

Cervical cancer is a major global health issue, primarily caused by persistent infections with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite its high preventability through HPV vaccination, regular screenings, and early intervention, misconceptions about the disease often hinder effective prevention. Myths such as cervical cancer only affecting older women, being limited to those with multiple sexual partners, or being untreatable if detected late, contribute to fear and neglect of preventive practices. In reality, cervical cancer can affect women of all ages, with HPV being a risk even for those with a single sexual partner. Regular Pap smears and HPV testing are critical for early detection, regardless of age or perceived health status. Additionally, the HPV vaccine, while effective against the most high-risk strains, does not eliminate the need for ongoing screenings. It is essential to recognize that cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, with early inte

Substance Abuse is a perplexing issue having clinical and social implications which influences generally friendly layers. It influences the client and their families as well as all segments of the general public. Substance abuse might prompt enslavement or substance reliance. Restoratively, physiological reliance requires the improvement of resilience prompting withdrawal side effects. Both maltreatment and reliance are particular from enslavement, which includes an impulse to keep utilizing the substance, regardless of the unfortunate results, and might include compound reliance. Reliance quite often infers misuse, however misuse much of the time happens without reliance, especially when a singular initially starts to manhandle a substance. Reliance includes physiological cycles, while substance misuse mirrors an intricate collaboration between the individual, the manhandled substance, and society. Substance abuse can be a difficult encounter — for the individual who has the issue, an

Cultural competence in healthcare is crucial for providing effective and equitable services to diverse patient populations, particularly in obstetrical care where cultural beliefs profoundly impact pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal care. This article explores the challenges and opportunities for midwives in delivering culturally competent care during obstetrical emergencies. Challenges include language barriers, cultural differences in beliefs and practices, lack of cultural awareness among midwives, and biases in healthcare delivery. However, opportunities for enhancing cultural competence exist through training, implementing culturally sensitive care practices, community partnerships, and utilizing interpreters and cultural brokers. Understanding cultural competence in obstetrical care involves recognizing, respecting, and responding to cultural backgrounds and beliefs. Midwives must navigate cultural dynamics effectively, integrating cultural humility and awareness into their pra

Diabetes mellitus is a significant public health concern in India, with its prevalence growing due to urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and dietary shifts. Effective self-care and home management are essential for glycemic control, reducing complications, and enhancing quality of life among individuals with diabetes. This article explores the current state of self-care practices among diabetic individuals in India, highlights challenges, and provides recommendations for improvement.

Traditional play forms a cornerstone of holistic childhood development, fostering physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth. However, these time-honored activities face decline in the digital age. This article explores the multifaceted benefits of traditional play for children, emphasizing its role in preserving cultural heritage, promoting teamwork, and enhancing resilience. Evidence from various studies underscores the critical need to reintroduce traditional play into children's lives and education systems.

Cancer profoundly impacts patients both physically and emotionally, creating a need for supportive therapies that complement traditional treatments. Foot reflexology has emerged as a promising complementary therapy that addresses various cancer-related symptoms, including pain, stress, and fatigue. By stimulating specific reflex points on the feet, reflexology can alleviate discomfort from cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation, improve circulation, reduce anxiety, and enhance sleep quality. This non-invasive therapy not only provides physical relief but also supports emotional well-being, helping cancer patients regain a sense of control and resilience. The integration of reflexology into oncology care has been shown to improve the overall quality of life, offering a holistic approach to cancer management. This abstract highlights the potential benefits of reflexology as an adjunctive therapy, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between oncologists and reflexologist

The goal of this article is to determine the variables influencing the adoption of PPPs (public-private partnerships) in the field of education. Design, technique, and strategy this systematic literature analysis looked at 21 articles on PPPs in the education sector using Scopus and the Staples and Niazi (2007) approach. To find research gaps and offer details on important concerns in the cases, content analysis is used. Findings: The research has determined the key success determinants for PPPs in the education sector across 12 nations, exposing implementation issues and differing levels of success. They demonstrate how crucial it is to have well-defined goals, good communication, and strong collaborations between the public and private sectors in order to succeed. Future initiatives can be guided by the comprehensive understanding of PPP implementation in education that these insights help to provide. Originality/value: The crucial success criteria found in the application of PPPs in

This article examines the essential function of recognition and praise in inspiring employees and enhancing emotional involvement inside organizations. It analyses how these activities foster a pleasant workplace culture and improve productivity by satisfying inner and extrinsic motivating requirements. Recognition, defined as the acknowledgement of employees ' accomplishments, and praise, an expression of commendation for their efforts, both function as potent instruments to elevate morale, promote constructive behavior, and augment job satisfaction. The article examines how successful recognition tactics may enhance motivation by honoring employees' accomplishments and satisfying their needs for esteem and belonging, as described in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Moreover, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory emphasizes the significance of recognition as a motivator, apart from hygienic considerations, which mitigate discontent but do not inherently inspire motivation. Moreover, emotional invo

Childbirth is an important cultural and social event shaped by society values, beliefs, and traditions, which greatly impact women's desires for natural delivery. Cultural practices, firmly entrenched in traditions and spirituality, influence perceptions of labor pain, decision-making, and the whole delivery experience. These techniques often highlight natural processes, resilience, and social support, encouraging women to choose vaginal birth. Familial support, conventional pain alleviation methods, rituals, and spiritual convictions are crucial in enhancing trust in natural delivery. Integrating cultural preferences into contemporary maternity care presents obstacles, especially when traditional practices contradict medical requirements. Culturally responsive care—defined by comprehension, education, and respectful incorporation of safe traditional practices—can address these disparities, enabling women to make informed decisions consistent with their beliefs. This method improves mo

विवाह एक ऐसी सामाजिक प्रथा है जिसका अस्तित्व विश्व के प्रत्येक देशों, जातियों, धर्मों में पाया जाता है। विभिन्न देशों और कालों में विवाह की इस प्रथा के स्वरूपों में भिन्नता रही है। इस भिन्नता का मूल कारण उस देश के वातावरण, सामाजिक और आर्थिक कारण हो सकते हैं। हमारे समाज में पुरुष की प्रधानता है। शतपथ ब्राहमण में लिखा है- पत्नी निश्चित ही पति का अर्धाशं है, पत्नी के अभाव में वह पूर्ण नहीं होता है, सन्तानोत्पत्ति करने से पुरुष के पुरुषत्व का मूल्यांकन किया जा सकता है। विवाह समझौता नहीं है बल्कि यह जन्म जन्मान्तर का साथ होता है। अतः हिन्दू विवाह का आधार धर्म है। विवाह प्राथमिक रूप से कर्तव्य उत्तरदायित्व की पूर्ति के लिये होता है। हिन्दु विवाह जीवन के विभिन्न पक्षों जैसे धर्म, नैतिकता एवं आचरण की प्रमाणिकता एवं सार्थकता मिलती है, विवाह जीवन की आधारशिला है। हिन्दू विवाह के सम्बन्ध में विभिन्न विद्वानों ने अलग अलग परिभाषायें दी है- आर. एन. शर्मा के अनुसार हिन्दू विवाह एक धार्मिक संस्कार है। जिससे धर्म, सन्तानोत्पत्ति तथा रति के भौतिक, सामाजिक व आध्यात्मिक उद्देश्यों से एक स्त्री और पुरुष

The solubility of Carvedilol, a poorly water-soluble drug widely used in cardiovascular disorders, presents a significant challenge in achieving optimal therapeutic efficacy. This research aimed to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of Carvedilol through the application of the liquisolid compact technique. Different Liquisolid compacts were prepared using required quantities of powder and liquid ingredients to produce acceptably flowable and compressible admixture. Avicel PH 102, PEG, Crosspovidone and Sodium starch glycolate were employed as carrier, coating material and disintegrant respectively for preparing Liquisolid compacts. The prepared Liquisolid compacts were evaluated for their flow properties such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio. The interaction between drug and excipients in prepared Liquisolid compacts were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Xray diffraction (XRD). The drug release rates of Liquisolid compacts were distinctly higher as compared to directly compressed tablets, which show significant benefit of Liquisolid compact in increasing wetting properties and surface area of drug available for dissolution. The F3 of Liquisolid powder system showed acceptable flowability, Carr’s compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio. The FTIR, DSC and XRD studies conforms the no significant interaction between the drug and excipients used in Liquisolid compacts. Hence it concludes that the Liquisolid technique is a promising alternative for improvement of dissolution of Carvedilol.

खेतड़ी जो राजस्थान के झुंझुनू जिले (वर्तमान में नवीन जिला नीमकाथाना) में स्थित है, अपनी सांस्कृतिक और ऐतिहासिक विरासत के लिए समृद्ध है । यह क्षेत्र न केवल अपने ऐतिहासिक किलों व महलों के लिए जाना जाता है, बल्कि यहां की समृद्ध संस्कृति व परंपरा भी इसे विशेष बनाती है । खेतड़ी ठिकाने की स्थापना 18वीं शताब्दी में शार्दुल सिंह के पोते भोपाल सिंह ने की । खेतड़ी का ऐतिहासिक महत्व यहां के किलो, महलों, छतरियों, तालाब, बावड़ीयों में निहित है । खेतड़ी का भोपालगढ़ एवं बागोर का किला प्रसिद्ध है । खेतड़ी के किले में स्थित महल अपनी सुंदर वह अद्भुत वास्तु कला के उदाहरण हैं । यह अपनी सुंदर चित्रकारी और जटिल डिजाइन के लिए प्रसिद्ध है । इसके अलावा खेतड़ी में कई प्राचीन मंदिर भी हैं । ये मंदिर वैष्णव , शैव और शाक्त संप्रदाय के हैं, जो स्थानीय लोगों की आस्था के केंद्र हैं । सांस्कृतिक दृष्टिकोण से खेतड़ी में त्यौहारों, मेलों का आयोजन होता है, जो यहां की जीवंतता को दर्शाता है । मकर संक्रांति, गणेश चतुर्थी, रामनवमी, होली व दीपावली जैसे त्योहारों पर विशेष उत्सव होते हैं, जिसमें स्थानीय लोग बड़े उत्साह से भाग लेते हैं । यहां के लोक संगीत एवं नृत्य भी इस क्षेत्र की सांस्कृतिक धरोहर का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है । खेतड़ी की विरासत में कारीगिरी का भी महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है । यहां के कारीगरों ने अपने हाथों से महल, मंदिर, बावड़िया छतरियों का निर्माण ही नहीं किया बल्कि छोटे मिट्टी व धातु के बर्तन बनाने में भी अपना कौशल दिखाया है ।

Family Planning plays a crucial role in safeguarding the health of women in developing countries where they are often forced to carry an unplanned & unwanted pregnancy. Family planning, despite its many limitations, has universally been accepted as the most direct intervention to reduce fertility & hence population growth. Contraceptives provide women with a safe and effective means to avoid unwanted pregnancies or pregnancies that may place their health at risk. These pregnancies can have serious consequences, including illness, disability, and death. The objective of the research is to assess the knowledge regarding selected methods of contraception among eligible women. An evaluative research approach was used in this study. 60 eligible women in selected rural areas of the city were selected for the study. Self-structured knowledge questionnaires were used to collect the data. Findings show that, in the post-test, the majority of eligible women, 43(71.67%), had a very good level of knowledge score, 4(6.66%) had a good level of knowledge, and 13(21.67%) had an excellent level of knowledge. Analysis reveals that there is an association of knowledge score with the type of family and educational status among eligible women regarding selected methods of contraception.

The aim was to assess the effect of anti-Alzheimer’s activity of the alcoholic extract of Tricholepis glaberrima DC Leaves in Alzheimer induce Wistar albino rats.In the present study, the efficacy of an Extract of Tricholepis glaberrima DC was evaluated against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer in the Wistar albino rat. Donepezil at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, ECPDD was given in rat at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, 150 mg/kg body weight, and 200 mg/kg body weight. Anti-Alzheimer activity was assessed by victimization novel object recognition test, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze. And by biochemical test like neurotransmitter esterase activity, catalase activity, malonyldialdehyd and glutathione assays. Results showed that extracts treatment prevents Alzheimer and increases the level of acetylcholine, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and phytochemical studies identified the presence of flavonoid and alkaloid in the ECPDD. According to the results, it was concluded that the leave of Tricholepis glaberrima DC has significant anti-Alzheimer activity due to the presence of potent antioxidants such as flavonoid and anticholinesterase enzyme present in alkaloids.

Bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) have emerged as a new class of photocatalysts with great potential for various applications, including water splitting, pollutant degradation, and carbon dioxide reduction. This article reviews the synthesis methods, structural and optical properties, and photocatalytic activity of bismuth oxyhalides.

The dawn of India’s independence on August 15, 1947, marked the conclusion of British colonial rule, but it also heralded an era rife with contradictions, challenges, and transformations that would shape the nation’s identity for decades to come. While the end of colonial domination brought hope and the promise of self-determination, it also left a legacy of unresolved tensions and conflicts. Among these, the major challenge was the cultural assimilation and unification of a nation that was extraordinarily diverse in terms of language, religion, ethnicity, and socio-economic realities. The newly independent state faced the herculean task of reconciling these differences with the ideals of unity espoused during the nationalist movement. This idealism, however, was often undercut by the reality of Partition, which had created physical and emotional fissures within communities, leaving millions displaced and bitterly divided.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide, accounting for a significant proportion of global maternal deaths. The high incidence and risk of complications associated with PPH have led to a strong emphasis on creating standardized protocols and benchmarks for its prevention, detection, and management. These protocols are vital for ensuring timely and effective responses, which can drastically reduce the risk of adverse outcomes such as hemorrhagic shock, organ failure, and death. This article explores the current landscape of PPH management protocols, with a focus on established international benchmarks set by prominent organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). These benchmarks provide essential guidance to healthcare professionals in recognizing, diagnosing, and managing PPH promptly. It also examines common challenges faced in the implementation of these protocols, including variations in adherence across healthcare settings, resource limitations, and delays in receiving necessary interventions. Furthermore, the article highlights effective strategies aimed at improving PPH outcomes, such as training and simulation exercises for obstetric teams, the use of advanced technology for early detection, and improving healthcare infrastructure to ensure greater access to vital resources like uterotonic drugs, skilled personnel, and blood banks.

This Paper examines the evolution, implementation, and impact of maintenance laws for women in India, focusing on the legal frameworks that govern maintenance rights and the emerging societal challenges that influence their effectiveness. It explores landmark cases, statutory provisions, and the socio-economic factors that affect women’s access to maintenance. The study also delves into how changing gender roles, economic dependency, and judicial trends have shaped the legal landscape of maintenance. Finally, the thesis evaluates the gaps in existing laws and proposes reforms to strengthen the protection of women’s financial rights in marital relationships and post-divorce contexts.

This paper explores the role of youth as catalysts for sustainable tourism in Haryana, India, through a multi-stakeholder framework. By analyzing the interplay between ecological preservation, cultural heritage, and economic growth, the study highlights strategies to empower young people as active contributors to tourism sustainability. It emphasizes collaborative governance models involving government agencies, NGOs, local communities, and educational institutions. Mixed-method research, including surveys, interviews, and case studies, reveals opportunities and challenges in youth-led tourism initiatives. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to institutionalize youth participation in Haryana’s tourism ecosystem.

19वीं शताब्दी में, राजपूत और मुगल सम्राटों के बीच लड़ाई के कारण राजस्थान के व्यापारियों को भारत के अन्य क्षेत्रों में स्थानांतरित करने के लिए मजबूर होना पड़ा, जिसका उनके व्यवसाय पर महत्वपूर्ण नकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ा। इस संबंध में, उन्होंने ज्यादातर वाणिज्य के लिए बिहार के पूर्वोत्तर (एन-ई) क्षेत्रों की भी यात्रा की। वे अपने परिवारों, उनके पड़ोसियों और अन्य रिश्तेदारों को इस नए स्थान पर बसने के लिए ले गए, जब उन्होंने अपने व्यवसाय में खुद को स्थापित कर लिया था। उनका प्राथमिक लक्ष्य इन प्रसिद्ध व्यक्तियों को लाकर व्यापार में आगे बढ़ना था, जिन पर वे पूरी तरह से भरोसा कर सकते थे। वे धीरे-धीरे समुदाय के साथ घुलमिल गए और सामाजिक आयोजनों, व्यापार और अंततः स्थानीय राजनीति में प्रभावी योगदान देना शुरू कर दिया। इस अध्ययन का विषय पूर्णिया में व्यापारी समुदाय की भूमिका, भारत की स्वतंत्रता के बाद बिहार की राजनीतिक प्रक्रिया है। हमारे शोध के अनुसार, पूर्णिया व्यापारियों ने या तो स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों को वित्तीय या नैतिक सहायता प्रदान करके निष्क्रिय भूमिका निभाई थी या भारत की स्वतंत्रता पूर्व अवधि के दौरान पूरी तरह से अलग रहकर निष्क्रिय भूमिका निभाई थी। हालाँकि, स्वतंत्रता के बाद, वे धीरे-धीरे सक्रिय हो गए और वर्तमान में अपने प्राथमिक वाणिज्यिक हितों के अलावा स्थानीय, राज्य और राष्ट्रीय राजनीति में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा रहे हैं।

शास्त्रीय संगीत भारत की समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक विरासत का एक अनमोल रत्न है। यह संगीत की एक पारंपरिक शैली है जो सदियों से चली आ रही है और भारतीय संस्कृति के विभिन्न पहलुओं को प्रतिबिंबित करती है। शास्त्रीय संगीत की रचनात्मकता, जटिलता और भावनात्मक गहराई इसे दुनिया भर में सराहा जाता है। शास्त्रीय संगीत की दो मुख्य शैलियाँ हैं: हिंदुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत और कर्नाटक शास्त्रीय संगीत। हिंदुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत उत्तर भारत में विकसित हुआ, जबकि कर्नाटक शास्त्रीय संगीत दक्षिण भारत में विकसित हुआ। दोनों शैलियों में समानताएँ और अंतर हैं, लेकिन दोनों ही संगीत की उच्चतम अभिव्यक्ति का प्रतिनिधित्व करती हैं। शास्त्रीय संगीत की रचनात्मकता इसकी राग प्रणाली पर आधारित है। एक राग एक संगीत पैटर्न है जिसमें स्वरों का एक विशिष्ट समूह और उनके बीच संबंध शामिल हैं। राग एक संगीत की रचना के लिए एक ढांचा प्रदान करता है और संगीतकार को भावनाओं और विचारों की एक विस्तृत श्रृंखला व्यक्त करने की अनुमति देता है। शास्त्रीय संगीत की जटिलता इसकी ताल प्रणाली में भी देखी जा सकती है। ताल एक लयबद्ध पैटर्न है जो संगीत की गति और लय को निर्धारित करता है। शास्त्रीय संगीत में कई जटिल तालें हैं जो संगीतकार को संगीत की गति और लय में विविधता लाने की अनुमति देती हैं। शास्त्रीय संगीत की भावनात्मक गहराई इसकी रचनात्मकता और जटिलता के परिणामस्वरूप है। शास्त्रीय संगीत संगीतकार को भावनाओं और विचारों की एक विस्तृत श्रृंखला व्यक्त करने की अनुमति देता है। शास्त्रीय संगीत को सुनते समय, श्रोता संगीतकार की भावनाओं और विचारों को महसूस कर सकता है और संगीत के माध्यम से एक गहरे भावनात्मक अनुभव का अनुभव कर सकता है। शास्त्रीय संगीत भारत की समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक विरासत का एक अनमोल रत्न है। यह संगीत की एक पारंपरिक शैली है जो सदियों से चली आ रही है और भारतीय संस्कृति के विभिन्न पहलुओं को प्रतिबिंबित करती है। शास्त्रीय संगीत की रचनात्मकता, जटिलता और भावनात्मक गहराई इसे दुनिया भर में सराहा जाता है।

मुगल काल में बहुपत्नी प्रथा और जाति द्वारा शासकों एंव सामान्य वर्ग में स्वतः स्वीकृत मानी गयी थी। इसके अतिक्ति महिलाओं को अन्य क्षेत्रों में भी प्रतिबन्धित किया गया था। वे अपने व्यक्तिगत जीवन में स्वतन्त्र नहीं थीं। तत्कालीन ऐतिहासिक और साहित्यिक संदर्भों से ज्ञात होता है कि मुगल युगीन महिलाओं की दशा ठीक नहीं थी। यद्यपि शाही घरानों की महिला और सम्राटों की बेगमों को किसी प्रकार की असुविधा नहीं थी। इन महिलाओं के निवास स्थान को श्हरमश् कहा जाता था। अकबर के काल में श्हरमश् में 5000 स्त्रियों के निवास की व्यवस्था थी। रानियों के लिए वैभवपूर्ण निवास की झलक दिल्ली दुर्ग में स्थापित भव्य बगीचे तथा चकाचौंध करने वाली सुनहरी रंग कर दीवारों से मिलती है। इम्तियाज महल और रंगमहल मुगल महिलाओं के निवास स्थल की व्यवस्था को दर्शाने के लिए पर्याप्त हैं। परन्तु जनसामान्य वर्ग की महिलाओं की स्थिति अच्छी नहीं थी। वे मूलभूत आवश्यकताओं से भी वंचित रहती थी। दिन भर के अथक परिश्रम के बाद भी उन्हें भरपेट भोजन उपलब्ध नहीं था और तन पर वस्त्रों का अभाव था। वे इस अत्याचार को बिना किसी विरोध के सहन करने को विवश थी।

Coumarin derivatives have gained significant attention in optoelectronics due to their high fluorescence quantum yields, tunable emission spectra, and excellent photophysical properties. This study focuses on the rational design, synthesis, and photophysical characterization of novel fluorescent coumarin derivatives for application in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic lasers, and photovoltaic devices. The synthetic strategy employed green chemistry principles, and structural modifications were explored to fine-tune the photophysical and electronic properties. The synthesized compounds were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence emission analysis, quantum yield measurements, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, and thermal stability assessments. The results establish strong structure-property relationships, highlighting the potential of these derivatives for next-generation optoelectronic applications.

The rapid advancements in digital technology have significantly influenced economic growth across the globe. In the Indian context, digital transformation has played a pivotal role in enhancing productivity, employment, and overall economic efficiency. This paper examines the economic implications of digital transformation in India, highlighting key trends, opportunities, and challenges. The study utilizes secondary data sources and employs an analytical approach to evaluate the impact of digitalization on various sectors. The findings suggest that digital transformation contributes positively to GDP growth, financial inclusion, and industrial efficiency, while also posing regulatory and infrastructural challenges. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to maximize the benefits of digitalization in India's economic framework.

Provide a concise summary of the purpose of the paper, highlighting the key innovations in algebraic geometry and their impact on mathematics and related disciplines. Mention the scope of the developments covered in the paper and a preview of their applications. This paper explores the key innovations in algebraic geometry that have reshaped the field and their far-reaching implications across mathematics, physics, and computation. It highlights significant advancements such as the rise of derived categories and homotopy theory, the influence of mirror symmetry, the growing importance of noncommutative algebraic geometry, and the integration of computational techniques in solving complex algebraic problems. These innovations have not only deepened our understanding of abstract mathematical structures but have also paved the way for new applications in interdisciplinary fields. In particular, the paper emphasizes their impact on areas such as string theory, quantum field theory, artificial intelligence, and optimization, illustrating the transformative potential of algebraic geometry in both theoretical and applied contexts.

Inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma, are chronic conditions that impose a significant burden on global health. Current treatments often come with substantial side effects, which makes the search for safer and more effective alternatives essential. Heterocyclic compounds have garnered attention for their broad range of biological activities, particularly their potential to modulate inflammation. This paper explores the therapeutic potential of heterocyclic compounds, such as pyrazoles, quinolines, and indoles, in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. We employ both in vitro and in vivo models to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy, elucidate their underlying molecular mechanisms, and evaluate their safety profiles. The findings suggest that heterocyclic compounds can significantly reduce inflammation, modulate immune responses, and exhibit promising therapeutic outcomes with minimal toxicity. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapies based on heterocyclic scaffolds.

In the rapidly digitizing landscape of India, urban tribal youth face a complex interplay of language, identity, and access. This study explores how accent becomes a crucial marker of identity as tribal youth navigate the linguistic hierarchies embedded in English usage within urban and digital contexts. Focusing on Adivasi communities transitioning to cities and digital spaces, this research critically examines how English accents shape self-perception, societal integration, and discrimination. Using a multidisciplinary approach rooted in socio-linguistics and digital ethnography, the paper analyzes online interactions, classroom dynamics, and narratives from urban tribal students. Findings reveal that while English opens avenues of opportunity, accent often becomes a site of marginalization and resistance. This study highlights the urgent need to recognize and valorize accent diversity in pedagogical and digital frameworks in India.