Post-war literature affords an opportunity, through its emergence after World War II, to critically examine the traumatic psychological and societal upheaval of the era. Identity and alienation stand out as themes central to this literary movement; they were soon to dominate the works of authors occupied with the disillusionment of a shattered world. This war meant that the entire landscape of social and political forces was changed, and so personal and collective identities began to change. These identities were often seen as falling apart or in a state of loss. This paper looks at how post-war writers such as Sartre, Samuel Beckett, Doris Lessing, and Salinger worked with these themes as the context in which individuals tried to make sense of an increasingly incoherent world. In this manner, it focuses on key texts such as Waiting for Godot, The Catcher in the Rye, The Golden Notebook, and Nausea to demonstrate how these texts illustrate alienation, self-doubt, and existential crises. Ultimately, this paper shows how post-war literature continues to inform contemporary discussions on identity and alienation and, therefore, remains relevant in mapping some of the difficulties of human experience.

वर्तमान वैश्वीकरण के युग में उच्च शिक्षा के अंतर्राष्ट्रीयकरण का महत्व निरंतर बढ़ता जा रहा है। यह न केवल शैक्षिक गुणवत्ता और प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता को बढ़ावा देता है, अपितु छात्रों को वैश्विक अवसरों से जोड़ने का कार्य भी करता है। भारत में राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 ने इस दिशा में अनेक नवीन प्रावधान किए हैं, जिनका प्रभाव जमीनी स्तर पर किस प्रकार परिलक्षित हो रहा है, यह जानना अत्यंत आवश्यक है। प्रस्तुत शोध राजस्थान के सीकर जिले में अध्ययनरत 150 कॉलेज छात्रों की उच्च शिक्षा के अंतर्राष्ट्रीयकरण के प्रति धारणा का विश्लेषण करता है। निष्कर्ष से स्पष्ट होता है कि अधिकांश छात्र इस प्रक्रिया के प्रति सकारात्मक दृष्टिकोण रखते हैं, किंतु सूचना, संसाधन एवं भाषा संबंधी बाधाएँ अभी भी प्रमुख चुनौतियाँ बनी हुई हैं।

This research investigates the elements that affect organisational environment and how they affect employee attrition in Nagpur's IT sector. The study intends to identify important aspects of organisational environment, including incentive systems, work-life balance, leadership style, and communication efficacy, and investigate how these aspects affect employee retention. The study uses a structured questionnaire and a descriptive research approach to collect data from 150 workers of different IT companies. The results show that work-life balance, communication, and leadership style have a big impact on employee retention and happiness, but team culture and career progression prospects also matter. The study emphasises how crucial it is to create a pleasant workplace culture in order to lower turnover and raise employee engagement.

This study explores the biological efficacy of heterocyclic compounds as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Inflammation is a complex biological response that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as arthritis, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. The study evaluates the pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential of heterocyclic compounds, focusing on their anti-inflammatory effects. The research involves a comprehensive review of existing literature, followed by experimental methodologies to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of selected heterocyclic compounds. Data analysis suggests promising results, indicating that certain heterocyclic compounds possess significant biological activity in reducing inflammation. This paper concludes by discussing the future prospects and potential challenges in developing these compounds for clinical use.

This study explores the factors influencing customer willingness to adopt e-banking services in nationalized and scheduled banks in Nagpur district. Using a descriptive research design, primary data was collected through structured questionnaires from a sample of 300 customers. The study examines the impact of demographic variables such as age, income, and education, alongside factors like trust, perceived ease of use, and security concerns on e-banking adoption. The findings indicate that trust and security are major barriers to adoption, while younger, more educated customers exhibit greater willingness to embrace e-banking services. The study suggests that banks should enhance security features, provide user-friendly platforms, and engage in awareness campaigns to encourage broader adoption.

The application and efficacy of OHS (Occupational Health and Safety) procedures in Nagpur's industrial facilities are assessed in this study. Evaluating how well safety procedures are being followed in the industrial sector is essential given the growing concerns about worker safety. To learn more about the state of OHS procedures today and the difficulties in maintaining compliance, a study was carried out among many industrial facilities in Nagpur. The findings suggest that whereas bigger industrial facilities exhibit comparatively higher levels of OHS compliance, smaller facilities encounter major obstacles such insufficient personal protective equipment (PPE), inadequate safety training, and lax management enforcement of safety procedures. In order to improve OHS practices, the study emphasises the necessity of greater employee awareness, better resource allocation, and improved management commitment. Based on these findings, numerous solutions are offered to encourage a safer working environment, including the supply of proper PPE, frequent safety training, and stricter enforcement of OHS standards.

The traditional applications of plants in medical procedures and treatment of various ailments are offering hints for new research directions as people have been using them since the time immemorial. However, there is not a plenty of documentation regarding the medicinal applications of native plants in rural areas of Rajasthan including Churu district. To overcome the adverse effects of changing lifestyle, side effects of allopathic medicine systems and use of pesticides in food on the human health, it has become necessary to use ancient knowledge of traditional remedies based on ethnomedicinal plants. The present study is focused on ethnomedicinal uses of 64 medicinal plants found in Taranagar tehsil of Churu District. It is based on discussions with local tribes, old age people, ayurveda practitioners, and other reliable sources. This study elaborates the use of either whole plant or plant’s parts like root, shoot, fruits, leaves, flowers, bark and seeds in the form of natural state, paste, decoction, powder, dried part etc. in healing the various ailments.

This study examines the comparative effectiveness of traditional classroom methodologies and online learning approaches within Jaipur, Rajasthan. By analyzing perspectives from both teachers and students, the research highlights the strengths and challenges associated with each mode of instruction. The findings suggest that while traditional classrooms offer a structured environment conducive to engagement, online learning provides flexibility and accessibility. A blended approach, integrating both methods, emerges as a potential optimal strategy for future educational practices in Jaipur. Introduction The educational landscape in Jaipur has undergone significant transformations, especially with the advent of digital technologies and the impact of global events like the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditional classroom settings have been the cornerstone of education, emphasizing direct teacher-student interactions. However, the shift towards online learning has introduced new dynamics, offering both opportunities and challenges. This study aims to compare these two methodologies from the perspectives of teachers and students in Jaipur.

Visual cryptography (VC) is a cryptographic approach that allows visual data, including text, images, videos, and more, to be prominently encrypted so that the decrypted data appears as a visual image. Electronic voting, often known as e-voting, is a voting method that is carried out online or using electronic means because it is simple to cast, count, and track votes in a way that is accurate, professional, and free from fraud. This paper compares and contrasts VC versus e-voting. Since I discovered some intriguing methods used, I will be creating a survey and review of all the current methods. We can also apply a new method to carry out the procedure. The most crucial methods that are combined for a significant search and survey are those like cryptography, steganography, and many more.

Maintaining physical fitness is crucial for an elite handball player for several reasons. Handball is a high-intensity sport that requires players to maintain peak performance throughout the game, which can last for 60 minutes or more. Excellent cardiovascular endurance allows players to sustain their energy levels and recover quickly between intense bursts of activity. Moreover, physical strength is vital for both offensive and defensive plays. Strong muscles help players execute powerful shots, withstand physical contact, and maintain stability and balance during rapid movements and changes in direction. Handball involves quick sprints, sudden stops, and changes in direction. Agility and speed are essential for outmaneuvering opponents, executing fast breaks, and positioning effectively on both offense and defense. Furthermore, adequate flexibility helps prevent injuries and enhances the range of motion, which is crucial for executing various handball techniques, such as passing, shooting, and blocking.

The work-life balance of employees and emotional intelligence were the subjects of a study led at a public school in Indore, the Philippines. Information assortment and analysis in the procedure were finished using a descriptive-correlational system. A survey was used to assemble data from 200 employees who were chosen indiscriminately. Standardized questions were remembered for the survey. We used both descriptive and inferential statistical methods to do analysis and translation on the information. The results of the survey show that the participants have a serious level of emotional intelligence and had the option to keep a positive balance between their personal and professional lives. Moreover, a statistically significant relationship between the two variables was shown, demonstrating that emotional intelligence might affect work-life balance. The study's conclusions approved this case. It has been shown that when inspiration is regressed and assessed separately, the emotional intelligence metric most precisely predicts work-life balance among the various accessible. The study's consequences that were shrouded in the presentation.

The Indian banking sector is in the midst of a profound transformation, driven by rapid digitalization and changing customer expectations. What was once a business defined by brick-and-mortar branches, manual paperwork, and face-to-face interactions is now being reimagined through mobile apps, artificial intelligence, and data-driven decision-making. This digital-first approach is not just about adopting new technologies; it is fundamentally reshaping how banks define, measure, and achieve profitability. This article explores how digital transformation is influencing key profitability metrics in Indian banking, such as cost-to-income ratio, return on assets (ROA), and non-interest income. Drawing on real-world examples, industry data, and recent research, we show how Indian banks are navigating both the opportunities and challenges of this new era.

The financial assistance systems offered by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) in rural Wardha are evaluated in this research with an emphasis on how they affect job creation, rural entrepreneurship, and socioeconomic development. One hundred recipients of KVIC's financial programs were given a structured questionnaire as part of the descriptive study design. The results show that although the majority of respondents think KVIC's assistance programs are helpful, there are still issues with accessibility and fund distribution. According to the study's findings, KVIC's programs generally have a good effect, but in order to realise their full potential, outreach and operational effectiveness must be improved. Simplifying application procedures, increasing awareness, and enhancing non-financial support networks are among the suggestions.

किशोरावस्था मानव विकास में एक महत्वपूर्ण चरण है, जिसमें गहन मनोवैज्ञानिक, भावनात्मक और सामाजिक परिवर्तन होते हैं। सामाजिक चिंता किशोरों के बीच एक आम मानसिक स्वास्थ्य चिंता है, और पारिवारिक वातावरण युवा व्यक्तियों की भावनात्मक लचीलापन, सामाजिक व्यवहार और मुकाबला करने की रणनीतियों को आकार देने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य अंबेडकर नगर में माध्यमिक स्तर के छात्रों के बीच सामाजिक चिंता पर पारिवारिक वातावरण के प्रभाव का पता लगाना है। अध्ययन १३ से १६ वर्ष की आयु के छात्रों पर केंद्रित है, जो पारिवारिक वातावरण के विभिन्न पहलुओं (जैसे भावनात्मक समर्थन, संचार और पारिवारिक संघर्ष) और छात्रों द्वारा अनुभव की जाने वाली सामाजिक चिंता के स्तरों के बीच संबंधों की जांच करता है। निष्कर्ष एक मजबूत और सांख्यिकीय रूप से महत्वपूर्ण सहसंबंध प्रकट करते हैं: सहायक, भावनात्मक रूप से अभिव्यंजक और खुले संचार पैटर्न वाले परिवारों के छात्रों ने सामाजिक चिंता के कम स्तर की सूचना दी। इसके विपरीत, अक्सर संघर्ष, भावनात्मक उपेक्षा या खराब संचार वाले परिवारों के छात्रों ने भय, परिहार व्यवहार और मनोवैज्ञानिक संकट सहित सामाजिक चिंता के उच्च स्तर का प्रदर्शन किया। पारिवारिक वातावरण सामाजिक चिंता का एक महत्वपूर्ण भविष्यवक्ता बनकर उभरा है, जो चिंता के स्तरों में भिन्नता के एक बड़े हिस्से के लिए जिम्मेदार है। यह शोध किशोरों के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य की रक्षा में एक पोषण करने वाले पारिवारिक वातावरण के महत्व को रेखांकित करता है, माध्यमिक स्तर के छात्रों के बीच सामाजिक चिंता के जोखिम को कम करने के लिए माता-पिता की जागरूकता, खुले संचार और भावनात्मक गर्मजोशी को बढ़ाने की आवश्यकता पर प्रकाश डालता है।

A research investigation examines changing ethical and sustainable investment choices among Maharashtra individual investors while analyzing factors UARTing their decision-making such as environmental sustainability and social responsibilities and financial rewards and corporate management principles. Ethical investing stands performed by environmental sustainability alongside social responsibility as main motivations although financial performance continues as a critical element. The research indicates that insufficient understanding of ethical investment choices stands as a considerable factor in deterring investment decisions. The research utilized descriptive design and structured questionnaires distributed to 300 individual investors to gain data which was analyzed statistically for ethical investment preference patterns. The research findings demonstrate that organizations should invest more resources into training people about sustainable investments.

Articulating the firms' long-term goals helps in diagnosing the strategic capabilities of firms across IT industries. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship of strategic planning practices and performance of IT companies in Nagpur. And covers critical aspects like innovation, digital disruption, people management, investment in technology and leadership choices that drive businesses to grow and establish a more competitive edge. Quantitative research approach using structured survey was adopted to collect data from IT professionals, managers and business executives. The data used for the analysis were processed using multiple regression method to examine the effect of strategic planning on business performance showing overall profitability, market extension, and operational efficiency. We found that in the IT sector there is highly significant positive relationship between well defined strategic planning processes and improved organizational performance. The study helps IT companies in Nagpur to align their strategies on the basis of the information available on the strategies used by all data available so far.

SMS spam filtering remains a critical challenge in mobile communication due to the ever-evolving nature of spam messages. Traditional rule-based filtering systems are no longer sufficient to handle the complex, context-dependent spam characteristics. This paper proposes a hybrid approach combining Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and machine learning algorithms to develop an accurate and scalable SMS spam filtering system. The hybrid system integrates text preprocessing techniques such as tokenization, stemming, and stop-word removal with feature extraction methods like Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and n-grams. Additionally, machine learning classifiers including Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest are employed to enhance classification accuracy. The experimental results show that the hybrid model outperforms traditional methods in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, providing an effective solution for real-time SMS spam detection.

This paper explores the integration of Homomorphic Encryption (HE) into secure communication systems, offering a novel approach to preserving privacy while enabling data processing. Homomorphic encryption allows computations to be performed on encrypted data, ensuring sensitive information remains protected without the need for decryption. The paper delves into the theoretical foundations of HE, outlining key design considerations and its potential applications in various industries, such as cloud computing, healthcare, and financial sectors. Additionally, the paper discusses the benefits of HE, including enhanced security and privacy, while addressing the challenges it faces, such as performance overhead and scalability concerns. By evaluating the trade-offs between security and computational efficiency, the paper highlights ongoing advancements and future prospects in optimizing HE- based systems. As data security becomes increasingly critical in an interconnected world, homomorphic encryption represents a promising solution to meet the growing demand for secure communication in sensitive environments.

In today's increasingly interconnected and digitalized world, cybersecurity has emerged as a fundamental pillar of institutional resilience. Institutions in a variety of sectors—educational, governmental, healthcare, and corporate—are facing unprecedented cyber dangers, including data breaches, ransomware attacks, insider threats, and phishing scams. While developments in cybersecurity technology have resulted in increasingly sophisticated defense mechanisms, institutional leadership continues to play an important role in determining the effectiveness and sustainability of cyber measures. Leadership is more than just a support job; it is a strategic enabler that influences policy direction, resource priority, and the overall company culture towards security. This research investigates the critical role that institutional leadership plays in the effective implementation of cybersecurity policies. It contends that leadership involvement is critical at all stages of cybersecurity planning and implementation, from developing a strategic vision and risk management framework to fostering a culture of cybersecurity knowledge and accountability. The study uses a multidisciplinary approach that includes an in-depth review of academic literature, analysis of institutional case studies, and an examination of relevant cybersecurity policy frameworks to identify the mechanisms by which leadership actions (or inactions) directly impact cybersecurity outcomes. Key findings show that institutions with proactive leadership have much higher cybersecurity preparation, policy compliance, and incident response capabilities. Institutions that lack leadership participation frequently face fragmented policies, insufficient financing, limited staff training, and poor coordination between IT departments and executive teams. Leadership's capacity to communicate the importance of cybersecurity, establish quantifiable targets, and incorporate security into institutional strategy has been demonstrated to be crucial in overcoming these implementation problems. The research presents the Leadership-Centric Cybersecurity Implementation (LCCI) Model as a strategic framework for institutional leaders. This approach identifies five key areas of leadership influence: strategic visioning, policy integration, resource allocation, cultural embedding, and governance oversight. The concept highlights that cybersecurity should not be viewed only as a technological issue, but rather as an organizatio

प्रस्तुत प्रपत्र में ‘आजीवन सीखना‘ शीर्षक पर चर्चा की जायेगी। आजीवन सीखना एक सदियों पुरानी अवधारणा है, लेकिन वर्तमान में इसकी लोकप्रियता में वृद्धि देखी गई है। यह सब ‘ई-लर्निंग‘ के आगमन और अग्रणी उद्योगों में निरंतर कौशल-अंतराल के कारण है। मनुष्य एक सामाजिक प्राणी है। समाज एवं राष्ट्र की उन्नति मानव पर ही निर्भर करती है। इसलिए यह आवश्यक है कि प्रत्येक मानव को उसकी क्षमतानुसार स्वतंत्रतापूर्वक विकास करने की सुविधा प्राप्त हो इसके लिए शिक्षा प्राप्त करना अति आवश्यक है। शिक्षा मानव विकास हेतु प्रयुक्त किया जाने वाला सबसे प्रमुख माध्यम है। यह एकमात्र ऐसा माध्यम है जिसकी सहायता से व्यक्ति के समस्त पक्षों का सर्वांगीण विकास किया जा सकता है। यह एक ऐसी प्रक्रिया है जो व्यवहार में परिवर्तन लाकर उसे समाज का श्रेष्ठ नागरिक बनाती है तथा समाज के स्वरूप में अपेक्षित परिवर्तन की दिशा में उसे प्रेरित करती है। आजीवन सीखना समग्र शिक्षा पर केंद्रित है। यह ऐसी शिक्षा की ओर संकेत करती हैं जो पारंपरिक शिक्षा प्रस्तावों और आधुनिक सीखने के अवसरों को एकीकृत करती है। इसमें लोगों को सीखने के तरीके को आगे बढ़ाने वाली सामग्री, प्रक्रिया और पद्धतियों का चयन करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करने पर भी जोर दिया गया है ।

The research had sought to discover and compare some of the key factors determining consumer choice of online grocery stores among current market participants. Descriptive and comparative research design had been utilized, applying purposive sampling to receive feedback from 300 seasoned online grocery shoppers. Information had been gathered using structured questionnaires and secondary sources, including factors like price, delivery speed, product variety and quality, platform usability, customer service, promotional offers, and brand reputation. The results had shown that delivery speed, platform usability, product variety and brand reputation had been the most significant determinants of consumer choice, while price and promotional offers also remained vital for price-sensitive segments. Among the platforms studied, Amazon Fresh had dominated in most of the key domains, trailed by Swiggy Instamart, with Zepto and Bigbasket posting moderate ratings. The research had established that online grocery stores must provide competitive pricing, effective delivery, high usability, and high brand trust as a bundle to increase customer loyalty as well as market competitiveness.

The rapid expansion of online education platforms has revolutionized the education sector, offering accessibility and flexibility to learners worldwide. However, the growth of these platforms has been accompanied by escalating operational costs, including content development, technology infrastructure, and marketing efforts. In this context, management accounting plays a critical role in optimizing costs and enhancing the profitability of these platforms. This paper explores the role of management accounting in cost optimization within online education platforms, focusing on various accounting tools such as budgeting, Activity-Based Costing (ABC), and variance analysis. The study also examines the key cost drivers in online education, including technology, content, and faculty costs, and how management accounting techniques help reduce inefficiencies. Through an analysis of existing case studies and data, the paper highlights the strategic importance of management accounting in ensuring the sustainability and competitive advantage of online education platforms.

This research therefore aims at examining how these financial inclusion program have facilitated the implementation of the digital banking services in Nagpur district of Maharashtra. Financial inclusion has become an important tool of financial liberalization resulting from the development of digital financial services that can grant those who have limited access to financial services, such as bank accounts, credit, and others, financial facilities. The study aims at analyzing the impact and awareness of the residents of Nagpur towards the financial inclusion programs on adoption of digital banking technologies. Data was collected using both questionnaires and interviews from a identified sample of the local residents, bankers and financial service providers. The current level of awareness of financial inclusion programs and the usage of the digital banking services were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. In conclusion, the studies propose that, the improved awareness of the financial inclusion programs, there is a higher likelihood of greater emergent digital banking. The study also addresses the barriers to digital banking which are digital skills and technological infrastructure, which are still an obstacle to the achievement of the goals of financial inclusion. Finally, this paper and the analysis made ends with providing recommendations on how financial inclusion programs and acceptance of digital banking can be expanded in Nagpur.

This paper seeks to examine the strategic use of inventory management system through the use of record-keeping through manual and computer-aided systems of book keeping in small grocery stores. The research topic stems from the fact that small retail business struggles with issues to do with inventory; it is therefore important to find out how book keeping affects inventory in a business. The subject of this research focuses on a comparison between the automated and traditional processes of inventory management in increasing the accuracy, speed, and effectiveness of processes in managing inventories. Thus, the research involved interviews with ten small grocery stores owners as well as quantitative data analysis of inventory turnover rates and inconsistencies. This research gets information that use of digital book keeping system recedes tendencies on stock out, raises on order levels and improves status of stock compared to manual book keeping systems. Nevertheless, there are still those that still use manual system in some areas because of cost and technical factors. The paper concludes by suggesting some recommendations that the small grocery shop owners should implement to adopt a system that combines the strengths of the two methods of inventory management. In enhancing the flow of literature, this study is useful for increased understanding how strategic book-keeping contributes to the improvement of inventory management in small retailers therefore improving on the business performance and satisfaction of customers.

This study examines how ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems affect FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods) distributors' operational effectiveness and financial correctness. Data was gathered from 120 respondents who were purposefully chosen and worked in operations, inventory, and finance using a descriptive study methodology and a structured questionnaire approach. According to the investigation, ERP systems greatly increase the speed of financial reporting, lower mistakes, strengthen inventory management, and encourage process integration in general. Although there were many advantages, there were drawbacks as well, including significant upfront implementation costs, staff reluctance, and technical difficulties. According to the study's findings, ERP systems are essential for bolstering the financial and operational procedures in the FMCG distribution industry. To optimise ERP adoption, it is advised to use leadership support, frequent training, staggered deployment, and ongoing monitoring.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the economic development of India, particularly in urban centers like Nagpur City. The classification of retailers under MSME rules helps in defining their eligibility for government schemes, financial assistance, and regulatory benefits. This study aims to analyze the structure and classification of retailers in Nagpur as per the latest MSME guidelines. It examines the factors influencing their classification, the benefits they receive, and the challenges faced in obtaining MSME recognition. Through surveys and secondary data analysis, the study highlights how classification impacts business growth, credit accessibility, and overall economic contribution. The findings provide insights into policy recommendations for improving MSME classification processes to support the retail sector effectively.

This research paper investigates the correlation between training investments and their effects on employee productivity, satisfaction, and retention within Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Given the competitive landscape and resource constraints faced by MSMEs, understanding the return on investment in employee training is crucial. This study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing surveys distributed among employees across various MSMEs. The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between training investments and employee productivity, satisfaction, and retention rates. The paper concludes with recommendations for MSMEs to enhance their training programs to foster a more engaged and productive workforce.

महिला सशक्तिकरण का आशय महिलाओं को सशक्त तथा योग्य बनाना होता हैै। यह एक ऐसी प्रक्रिया है जिसके द्वारा महिलाओं के निर्णय लेने की स्वतंत्रता देना, उन्हे सामाजिक, आर्थिक तथा राजनीतिक रूप से आत्म निर्भर बनाना जिससे समाज तथा राष्ट्र के विकास में योगदान दे सकें। महिला सशक्तिकरण सामाजिक, आर्थिक तथा राजनीतिक विकास की मुख्य प्रक्रिया है। यह समाज में प्रचलित पारंपरिक रीति रीवाज तथा कुप्रथाओं से महिलाओं को जागरूक करना है। महिला शक्तिकरण में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका शिक्षा का है। शिक्षा के द्वारा ही महिला सशक्त तथा शक्तिशाली होती है अपने अधिकारों के बारे में जानती है। अपने जीवन से सम्बंधित हर फैसले स्वयं लेती है। जिससे समाज तथा परिवार में सम्मान तथा प्रतिष्ठा मिलती है। जब एक महिला आगे बढ़ती है तो परिवार, समाज तथा राष्ट्र का विकास होता है। इसलिये हम कह सकते है कि महिला सशक्तिकरण समाज और राष्ट्र के प्रगति के लिये महत्वपूर्ण कदम है।

In response community based interventions have been developed as critical interventions in dealing with the complex social, economic and health challenges particularly among vulnerable populations. Such interventions are critically evaluated and the effectiveness of these are evaluated in the case of marginalized groups such as low income families, elderly, people with disabilities and at risk youth in urban and semi urban regions. Research is carried out using a mixed-methods approach, which would put together quantitative data from within the intervention reports as well as qualitative insights from field interviews with social workers, beneficiaries, and the local stakeholders. The indicators were in analyzing access to basic services, community participation, psychological well-being, and economic empowerment as key indicators. The paper found that the community based models provide localized solutions that due to unchecked funding, lack of trained staff, and lack of integrated policy, the sustenance and scale of such efforts are challenging. Finally, the study concludes by making policy suggestions to build upon collaborative networks, to strengthen capacity building measures, and to adopt inclusive evaluation frameworks for greater impact and equity in service delivery in the long run. This research contributes to the body of evidence regarding evidence based social work practice and informs those policy makers and practitioners who are trying to enhance community resiliency and social justice.

With the exponential growth of connected devices and sophisticated cyber threats, traditional rule-based firewalls are becoming increasingly inadequate in providing real-time and adaptive security. This paper explores the design, implementation, and performance of AI-powered smart firewalls, which utilize machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and anomaly detection techniques to protect endpoints and networks. Smart firewalls can dynamically learn threat patterns, adapt policies in real-time, and detect zero-day attacks with minimal human intervention. This research proposes a hybrid firewall model incorporating both supervised and unsupervised learning to create an intelligent threat prevention system. Experimental results demonstrate high detection accuracy, low false positive rates, and real-time performance efficiency.

The objective of the present study was perception of Students and Teachers towards Various Aspects of Swami Vivekanand Govt. Model Schools Established in EBBs of Rajasthan. In the present study Descriptive Survey Method has been used. In the present study a total of 200 teachers and 500 students have been selected for sample of the present study. In the present study self-developed tools have been used and collected data has been analysed through Mean, Standard Deviation and t-value. The result revealed that there is found no significant difference in the perception of students and teachers towards Various Aspects of Swami Vivekanand Govt. Model Schools Established in EBBs of Rajasthan state.

This comparative analysis assesses the promise of carbon dots (CDs) and nanoparticles (NPs) for the treatment of bone cancer based on their physical attributes, cytotoxicity, imaging, and drug delivery potential. The small size, high fluorescence, and low cytotoxicity of carbon dots make them perfect for diagnostic imaging and long-term therapeutic tracking but with less drug encapsulation efficiency than other nanomaterials. Gold nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit intense cytotoxicity and fast drug release, which make them appropriate for extreme therapeutic approaches. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have excellent drug loading capacity and prolonged release, which makes them an ideal choice for controlled therapy, though having lesser imaging ability. Liposomes have moderate drug entrapment and release characteristics but need to be optimized for better efficacy. The results indicate that although all the materials possess their strengths and weaknesses, a synergistic approach by the use of both CDs and NPs would improve both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the bone, with carbon dots being great imaging tools and gold/polymeric NPs being great targeted drug delivery agents.

The socioeconomic standing and level of attainment of tribals is very important for our society. Only education can lead to a person's empowerment and emancipation. Their educational level is quite poor, even worse at higher levels. The constitutional clause and ongoing attempts to raise educational standards create effective methods that ought to aim for a better degree with focus to educational order of support tribal people's aspirations and socioeconomic standing. However, in order for them to grow and boost their level of ambition, suitable educational opportunities must be offered. This may inspire them to take part in, support, and ultimately learn how to start their own development programs and improve their socioeconomic status in society. In this article, systematic review on socioeconomic status of scheduled tribes has been discussed.

Leadership is the key in showing employee motivation and job satisfaction, which are paramount for organizational achievement and productivity. This research examined how various styles of leadership—transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire—influence employee motivation and job satisfaction in organizational settings. Employing a descriptive and correlational research design, 200 employees and 50 managers from five medium-to-large organizations were surveyed using standardized questionnaires such as the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Work Motivation Questionnaire, and Job Satisfaction Survey. Statistical analysis indicated that transformational leadership was most strongly positively correlated with employee motivation and job satisfaction, and transactional leadership had moderate positive impacts. Laissez-faire leadership had negative impacts on motivation and satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis established that together the leadership styles accounted for 52% of job satisfaction variance, with transformational leadership being the strongest predictor. These results reaffirm the value of active and participative leadership styles in creating motivated and satisfied employees. The research presents practical implications for organizations interested in improving workplace performance through successful leadership dynamics.

The dairy sector helps improve the lives of people living in villages and makes sure that people in India get enough nutritious food. Dairy cooperatives, in particular, have become important groups that help small and poor farmers get better access to buying and selling their goods, getting the supplies they need, getting loans, and learning new farming skills. This study looks at how dairy cooperatives help dairy farmers in Bilaspur district in Chhattisgarh to grow and make a better living from their work. Through using both surveys and interviews with co-op members, the research looks at how co-ops work in terms of money, social impact, and how they affect the environment. Key areas like earning more money, getting work done better, making sure pets have access to good vets, doing things that help the planet, and giving pets and their owners opportunities to learn and grow are looked at. The findings show that when farmers get involved in dairy cooperatives, they can grow their businesses more steadily, earn more money, strengthen ties with their neighbors, and learn good ways to take care of the environment. However, problems like not enough good buildings, not enough practice, and issues with how the organization runs are still there. The study ends with some advice on how to make collaborative governance between different groups stronger, and how to help them play a bigger part in making rural development work better in the area.

यह पत्र रामायण के दो प्रमुख संस्करणोंकृवाल्मीकि की रामायण और तुलसीदास की रामचरितमानसकृमें प्रस्तुत भक्ति (भक्ति) की अवधारणा की गहराई से जांच करता है। यह जांच करता है कि इन ग्रंथों में भक्ति को कैसे चित्रित और विकसित किया गया है, और भक्ति की उनके चित्रण में समानताओं और भिन्नताओं को उजागर करता है। वाल्मीकि की रामायण में भक्ति को राम के आदर्शित रूप के माध्यम से प्रस्तुत किया गया है, जिसमें भक्ति को एक उच्च और अक्सर नायकीय धर्म की खोज के रूप में दिखाया गया है। इसके विपरीत, तुलसीदास की रामचरितमानस भक्ति का एक अधिक व्यक्तिगत और सुलभ चित्रण प्रस्तुत करता है, जो भक्ति आंदोलन के ईश्वर के साथ व्यक्तिगत और भावनात्मक संबंधों पर केंद्रित होने को दर्शाता है। इन चित्रणों की तुलना करके, यह पत्र स्पष्ट करता है कि प्रत्येक ग्रंथ अपनी संबंधित सामाजिक-धार्मिक संदर्भ को कैसे दर्शाता है और ये भक्ति के भिन्न मार्ग हिंदू साहित्य में भक्ति की व्यापक समझ को कैसे आकार देते हैं। यह तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण ऐतिहासिक और सांस्कृतिक कारकों के भक्ति प्रथाओं और उनके प्रतिनिधित्व पर प्रभाव को उजागर करने का प्रयास करता है, और भक्ति के आदर्शित अवधारणा से एक अधिक व्यक्तिगत और भावनात्मक अनुभव में बदलने की प्रक्रिया को स्पष्ट करता है।

A major development in the field of graph theory, difference cordial labeling was proposed in 2013 by R. Ponraj, S. Sathish Narayanan, and R. Kala. It provides new insights on analyzing and categorizing graphs according to their structural aspects. The theoretical underpinnings and real-world applications of difference cordial labeling in cycle-related and path-related graphs are explored in this work. In particular, we investigate how to map vertices to distinct numbers and generate edge labels from absolute differences so that the distribution of these labels is balanced. This work emphasizes the distinctive qualities and behaviors of these graphs under difference cordial labeling by means of an extensive analysis of several graph types, including as caterpillar graphs, gear graphs, fundamental cycles, and wheels.

This research investigates the development and performance of high strength concrete (HSC) incorporating silica fume as a partial cement replacement and recycled plastic waste as a partial aggregate substitute. The aim is to enhance concrete strength while promoting sustainability through the utilization of industrial and municipal waste materials. Silica fume, known for its pozzolanic properties and ultra-fine particles, was used at 3%, 5%, 10% and 15% replacement levels to improve the microstructure and mechanical performance of the concrete matrix. Shredded recycled plastic (such as HDPE or PET), an abundant non-biodegradable material, was incorporated at 2.5%, 5% and 10% by volume of fine aggregates to evaluate its viability as a partial replacement. A total of five concrete mixes were prepared and tested for fresh properties (workability), mechanical strength (compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength), and durability (water absorption). Results showed that silica fume significantly enhanced compressive strength while maintaining durability. Recycled plastic, when used up to 5%, did not significantly compromise strength and offered a lightweight, eco-friendly alternative to natural aggregates. However, at 10% plastic content, a reduction in strength and workability was observed, highlighting the need for optimized mix proportions. Overall, the study demonstrates that combining silica fume and recycled plastics in HSC can produce a structurally competent and environmentally responsible concrete mix. The findings support the feasibility of using industrial and plastic waste in sustainable construction practices.

भारतीय संघवाद में ऐसा देखा गया है कि संघवाद शब्द का प्रयोग किसी भी देश की संवैधानिक व्यवस्था के निर्धारण में अपनी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है। भारतीय संघवाद शब्द का प्रयोग भिन्न-भिन्न सन्दर्भों में किया गया:- शाब्दिक और वैचारिक प्रयोग ने इसके अर्थ को ही विकृत कर दिया, लोकतंत्र की तरह ही भिन्न - भिन्न लोगो ने संघवाद का अलग- अलग अर्थ लगाया। संघवाद साझे, राष्ट्रीय उद्देश्यों को प्राप्त करनेे हेतु एक संवैधानिक यंत्र है, यह शोधपत्र भारतीय संघवाद के सैद्धान्तिक एवं व्यवहारिक विश्लेषण पर केन्द्रित है।

वर्तमान समय में ग्लोबल वार्मिंग एक वैश्विक समस्या के रूप में सामने आया है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग कोई एक देश या राष्ट्र से संबंधित अवधारणा नहीं है बल्कि यह एक वैश्विक अवधारणा है जो समस्त पृथ्वी के लिए चिंता का कारण बनती जा रही है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग से भारत सहित पूरी दुनिया में बाढ़, सूखा, कृषि संकट एवं खाद्य सुरक्षा, बीमारियां, प्रवासन आदि का खतरा बढ़ा है। लेकिन चूंकि भारत का एक बड़ा तबका (लगभग 60 प्रतिशत आबादी) आज भी कृषि पर निर्भर है, और इसके प्रभाव के प्रति सुभेद्य है इसलिए कृषि पर ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के प्रभावों को देखना बहुत जरूरी हो जाता है। ग्लोबल क्लाइमेट रिस्क इंडेक्स 2021 के अनुसार, भारत ग्लोबल वार्मिंग से सबसे अधिक प्रभावित दस शीर्ष देशों में शामिल है। जलवायु की बदलती परिस्थितियां कृषि को सबसे अधिक प्रभावित कर रहीं हैं क्योंकि लम्बे समय में ये मौसमी कारक जैसे तापमान, वर्षा, आर्द्रता आदि पर निर्भर करती है। अतः इस लेख में हम यह जानने का प्रयास करेंगे कि ग्लोबल वार्मिंग कृषि को कैसे प्रभावित करता है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग कृषि को कई प्रकार से प्रभावित कर सकता है जैसे-

This study investigates the adoption of online shopping among middle-class families in Karnal and Hisar, two prominent districts in Haryana, India. By examining factors such as digital literacy, infrastructure, socio-economic status, and consumer behavior, the research aims to discern whether these communities are experiencing a digital divide or embracing a digital drive. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews, the study provides insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by these families in the digital marketplace.

This review study looks on the long-term use of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in concrete manufacturing instead of natural coarse aggregate (NCA). Given the building industry's massive resource depletion and waste generation, employing construction and demolition waste (C&DW) as recycled aggregate is a promising solution to sustainable development. This study presents current research findings on the physical and mechanical properties of RCA concrete, as well as its durability, optimization approaches, and practical applications. The analysis demonstrates that, while RCA concrete has worse mechanical properties than conventional concrete, these disparities can be substantially reduced with appropriate mix design modifications and treatment procedures. Furthermore, the environmental and economic advantages of employing RCA outweigh the technological challenges, making it a promising option for sustainable construction. This paper provides valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and legislators seeking to promote sustainable concrete construction processes.

भारतीय संविधान में राज्यपाल को एक निष्पक्ष संवैधानिक प्राधिकरण के रूप में माना गया है जो केंद्र और राज्य सरकारों के बीच सेतु का काम करता है। हालाँकि, 2000 से 2024 तक, राज्यपाल के हस्तक्षेप कथित पक्षपातपूर्ण आचरण के लिए जाँच के दायरे में आ गए हैं, विशेष रूप से त्रिशंकु विधानसभाओं, राष्ट्रपति शासन लागू करने और विधायी फ्लोर टेस्ट से संबंधित निर्णयों में। यह अध्ययन न्यायिक घोषणाओं और राजनीतिक केस स्टडीज़ की पृष्ठभूमि के खिलाफ राज्यपालों की संवैधानिक भूमिका की आलोचनात्मक जाँच करता है, जो तटस्थता और राजनीतिक निष्ठा के बीच तनाव को उजागर करता है। विश्लेषण 25 से अधिक राज्य-स्तरीय घटनाओं में अनुभवजन्य किया।

This study evaluates the performance of M40 grade concrete using plastic waste (0–20%) as a fine aggregate replacement and fly ash (0–50%) as a cement substitute. Key parameters assessed include compressive strength, split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), and water absorption over curing periods of 7, 28, and 56 days. Results show that compressive strength improves over time, with the highest strength (65 MPa) at 56 days achieved with 15% fly ash and 5% plastic waste. However, mixes with high plastic content (15–20%) exhibited reduced strength due to poor matrix bonding. Similarly, STS increased with moderate fly ash and plastic content, peaking at 6.5 MPa at 56 days. High plastic waste led to a noticeable drop in tensile strength. Flexural strength followed a similar trend, with the best performance (10.0 MPa) observed at 56 days in the 15% fly ash + 5% plastic waste mix, indicating improved bending resistance and long-term performance. The water absorption test confirmed that mixes with higher plastic content and excessive fly ash had greater porosity, reducing durability. In contrast, mixes with 10–15% fly ash and 5% plastic waste showed lowest absorption (2.08%), indicating higher density and improved durability. In conclusion, a mix of 15% fly ash and 5% plastic waste offers the best balance of strength, durability, and sustainability, supporting the use of eco-friendly concrete in sustainable construction. Excessive plastic waste (>10%) compromises mechanical properties, while moderate fly ash enhances long-term performance.

भारतीय समाज में सनातन धर्म की विभिन्न शाखाओं-प्रशाखाओं सहित जैन, बौद्ध, सिक्ख, पारसी, इस्लाम, ईसाई एवं अन्य धर्मों के अनुयायी एक प्रकार से बहुधार्मिकतापूर्ण सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक परिवेश का संनिर्माण करते हैं। हिन्दी कहानी-साहित्य में विभिन्न धार्मिक मान्यताओं का सहज निरूपण हुआ है। बीकानेर (राजस्थान) के वयोवृद्ध कहानीकार हरदर्शन सहगल की कहानियों में भी यथाप्रसंग धार्मिक धारणाओं के उल्लेख मिलते हैं। उत्तर आधुनिक युग में धार्मिक मान्यताओं के पक्ष-विपक्ष में अनेक मौलिक उद्भावनाएं देखी जा सकती है। समीक्ष्य कहानीकार हरदर्शन सहगल ने अपनी शताधिक कहानियों में हिन्दूधर्म के मत-मतांतरों सहित इस्लाम, सिक्ख, ईसाई एवं जैन धर्म की कतिपय रूढ़ मान्यताओं का खंडन करते हुए नए ढंग से विचार किए जाने की आवश्यकता पर बल दिया है। इस शोधपत्र में यह दर्शाने का प्रयास किया है कि हरदर्शन सहगल ने कितने कौशल के साथ धार्मिक संदर्भों का सम्यक्-संतुलित विवेचन करने वाले पात्रों के व्यावहारिक संवादों का चित्रण किया है।

The intricate connection between diet and oral health in children, emphasis the critical role nutrition plays in the development and maintenance of healthy teeth and gums. It highlights how high-sugar diets contribute to the prevalence of dental caries, while deficiencies in essential nutrients like calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D can impair tooth development and increase vulnerability to decay. The importance of balanced diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and dairy products in promoting oral health. It also discusses the impact of eating habits and frequency of sugar intake on oral hygiene. Public health recommendations and parental guidance are addressed to foster healthier dietary choices that support long-term oral health in children. It delves deeper into the specific mechanisms by which diet influences oral health in children. It explains how fermentable carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, interact with oral bacteria to produce acids that demineralise tooth enamel, leading to cavities. The role of saliva as a natural defence mechanism against tooth decay is examined, with insights into how certain foods can enhance or inhibit its protective effects.

Palliative care is essential in improving the quality of life for patients with life-limiting illnesses and their families. Nurses, being the largest group of healthcare providers, play a crucial role in delivering palliative care by managing symptoms, providing emotional and spiritual support, and ensuring holistic patient-centered care. However, many nurses lack the necessary training and confidence to provide effective palliative care, creating gaps in practice. The increasing demand for palliative care due to aging populations and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgent need for integrating palliative care education into nursing curricula and professional training programs. Specialized roles such as nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, and palliative care navigators are evolving to meet these needs. Additionally, advancements in telemedicine and home-based care offer new opportunities to improve patient outcomes. Institutional support, targeted training, and policy enhancements are crucial in equipping nurses with the necessary skills to lead and implement high-quality palliative care. This article emphasizes the need for continued education, multidisciplinary collaboration, and administrative support to enhance nurses’ capabilities in palliative care, ensuring comprehensive and compassionate patient care.

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, necessitates sustained drug delivery to maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) control. This study compares the therapeutic efficacy of two niosomal delivery systems—niosomal ocular inserts and niosomal gels—using a rabbit glaucoma model. Timolol maleate-loaded niosomal formulations were developed via thin-film hydration, followed by incorporation into inserts (using HPMC/PVA polymers) and gels (using Carbopol 934). Both formulations were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, ex-vivo permeation, mucoadhesion, in vivo IOP-lowering efficacy, and histopathological safety. The niosomal inserts demonstrated superior sustained release, bioavailability, and IOP reduction over 24 hours compared to gels, highlighting their potential as a patient-compliant and effective glaucoma therapy.

Emotional and physical pain are intricate and subjective experiences that need a multi-pronged strategy for relief. Traditional medical care is necessary, but it may not be able to handle the mental and emotional aspects of suffering. Utilizing the brain's reaction to sound, music therapy has recently developed into an effective, all-natural, and easily available supplementary treatment for pain and overall health. Music alleviates pain and mental suffering by releasing feel-good neurotransmitters like dopamine and endorphins, regulating the autonomic nervous system, and diverting attention away from painful thoughts. Music also helps with emotional support by letting you vent your feelings and encouraging you to feel better. Its use in both healthcare facilities and patients' homes has shown promising results in alleviating both physical and mental suffering. Adding music therapy to pain treatment is a patient-centered and holistic strategy that is enhancing quality of life and healing beyond just physical symptoms, according to growing data.

The growing demand for Heterogeneous Ad hoc Networks (HANETs) certainly makes the QoS parameters of paramount importance within the HANET, and consideration for secure routing protocols further grows as interconnected devices within a smart network are put onto the same platform. Different devices related to the Internet of Things and others have aroused important needs at the same time concerning performance and secure measures for the proper and effective transition of data within HANETs. However, existing models are quite inefficient in accomplishing the requirements of multi-facets QoS and secure routing, hence proving to be a failure and vulnerability under various scenarios. Current approaches tend to inadequately deal with dynamic network conditions, inadequately scale up, and inadequately adapt to emerging security threats. However, these shortcomings ease the running of smart network networks smoothly and expose it to potential security risk, which ultimately reduces user trust and utility to smart network technologies. The paper outlines a comprehensive review related models to enhance QOS parameters and secure routing protocols leading to the advancement of HANETS. On one hand, the review will consider such methods in-depth: multipath routing protocols, fuzzy logic-based QoS models, and machine learning-based security protocols. Each method shall be cruised through the operational principles, its effectiveness in the enhancement of network performance, and its capability to reaffirm security. Multipath Routing Protocols: Further explored to see how it can be effective in enhancing reliability, reducing latency through multiple path data delivery; Case in point-AOMDV Models of QoS Using Fuzzy Logic: These are viewed for the nature of their decisions with adaptability that assures that all resources are optimised for creating dynamic changes in the network leading to very high QoS. Additionally, these Security Protocols based on ML are checked for the advanced features about threat detection and mitigation that they own, while using real-time data analysis in pre-emption and neutralization of security threats. Some of the benefits that these models carry along as well include better network reliability, reduced latency level, and more adaptability to changes in network conditions, and security frameworks. Through a careful consideration of such methods, this review draws out potential ways through which the present mismatch experienced between nee

अन्त्योदय योजना समाज से गरीब और वंचित वर्गो का आर्थिक, सामाजिक और शैक्षिक विकास करके मुख्यधारा में शामिल करने की भारत सरकार की एक महत्वांकाक्षी योजना है। यह योजना पंडित दीन दयाल उपाध्याय के अन्त्योदय सिद्धान्त (समाज के अन्तिम व्यक्ति का अभ्युदय) पर आलम्बित है। अन्तयोदय योजना की शुरूआत दिसम्बर 2000 में गरीब भारतीय परिवारों को अनुदानित सस्ते दर पर खाद्यान्न उपलब्ध कराने के लिए किया गया था। यद्यपि अन्तयोदय योजना सबसे पहले 1977 में जनता पार्टी की सरकार द्वारा अन्त्योदय अन्न योजना के रूप में किया गया था। वास्तव में ग्रामीण गरीबी सभी स्तरों पर सरकार के लिए एक बड़ी चुनौती बनी हुई है। ग्रामीण गरीबी की चुनौती से निपटने के लिए, ग्रामीण विकास मंत्रालय ने वर्ष 2010 में राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण आजीविका मिशन (एनआरएलएम) नामक एक मिशन योजना की शुरूआत की थी। 29 मार्च, 2016 से एनआरएलएम का नाम बदलकर डीएवाई-एनआरएलएम (दीनदयाल अंत्योदय योजना) राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण आजीविका मिशन) कर दिया गया। यह एक केंद्र सरकार द्वारा प्रायोजित योजना है, परन्तु केंद्र और राज्य सरकारें संयुक्त रूप से परियोजनाओं को वित्तपोषित करती हैं। दीनदयाल अंत्योदय योजना केंद्र और राज्य सरकारें संयुक्त रूप से परियोजनाओं के कार्यान्वयन की जिम्मेंदारी राज्य ग्रामीण आजीविका मिशन (विशेष प्रयोजन ) के तत्वाधान में करती है। इस योजना की प्रमुख विशेषताओं में प्रत्येक गरीब परिवार से एक सदस्य को स्वयं सहायता समूह (एसएचजी) नेटवर्क के अंतर्गत लाना और महिला स्वंय सहायता समूहों के पास बैंक ऋण की व्यवस्था करना, स्थान और संसाधन प्रदान करने तथा बाहरी एजेंसियों पर निर्भरता कम करने के लिए स्वयं सहायता समूह को गांव और शहर स्तर पर संबद्ध करना, इस योजना में-सामाजिक लामबंदी, सामुदायिक संस्था और क्षमता निर्माण, वित्तीय समावेशन, आजीविका संवर्धन और अभिसरण। जैसे कार्यो का निष्पादन करना, सभी परिवारों की पहचान करने और उन्हें उनकी संवेदनशीलता के अनुसार श्रेणी प्रदान करने के लिए सहभागी सामाजिक मूल्यांकन का आयोजन करना, श्रेणीबद्ध सबसे गरीब महिलाओं, एकल महिला और महिला प्रधान परिवारों, विकलांगों, भूमिहीनों और प्रवासी श्रमिकांें के संदर्भ में होगी और उन पर विशेष ध्यान देने की वकालत करती है। साथ ही गरीबों का प्रशिक्षण और क्षमता निर्माण करना विशेष रूप से संस्थाओं के प्रबंधन, आजीविका, ऋण अवशोषण और ऋण-योग्यता के संबंध में व्यवस्था बनाने का कार्य करती है।

भारत देश अनेक धर्मों का देश है जिनमें प्रमुख धर्म हिन्दू और मुस्लिम है। भारत वर्ष में अनेक धर्मों एवं संस्कृतियों को मानने वाले लोग निवास करते हैं। प्रमुख रूप से यहाँ हिन्दू धर्म को मानने वालों की संख्या अधिक है। मुसलमान संख्या की दृष्टि से दूसरे स्थान पर आते हैं। सन् 2020 में हुए सर्वेक्षण के अनुसार भारत में मुस्लिम आबादी लगभग 15.31 प्रतिशत (लगभग-21.12 करोड़) है। इतिहास के कालक्रम में इस बात की पुष्टि होती है कि भारत में इस्लाम 630 ई0 में आया था। 630 ई0 में इस्लाम का आगमन भारत में हुआ। इतिहासकार ‘इलियट और डाउसन‘ की पुस्तक ‘द हिस्टरी ऑफ इण्डिया एज टोल्ड बाय इट्स ओन हिस्टोरियंस‘ के अनुसार भारतीय तट पर 630 ई0 में मुस्लिम यात्री से भरे जहाज को देखा गया था। इसी प्रकार पारा रौलिंसन अपनी पुस्तक ‘एसियंट एण्ड मिडियावल हिस्ट्री ऑॅफ इण्डिया‘ में यह दावा करते हैं कि सातवीं सदी के अन्त में प्रथम अरब मुसलमान भारतीय तट पर बसे थे।

The increasing proliferation of deepfake media poses a significant threat to information integrity, personal security, and digital trust. While several machine learning-based techniques have been developed to detect manipulated content, existing models often exhibit limited generalizability, weak cross-format performance, and a lack of interpretability sets. These models frequently struggle with high-quality deepfakes generated using advanced generative models such as GANs and diffusion networks, particularly under real-time and low-quality format constraints. To address these critical limitations, we propose a robust and analytically validated deepfake detection framework that integrates five novel methods designed to optimize detection accuracy, reliability, cross-format flexibility, and real-time capability. The Temporal-Spatial Anomaly Graph (TSAG) detects temporal inconsistencies in video by modeling anomaly propagation across frame regions. Multimodal Consistency Residual (MCR) leverages audio-visual-textual alignment to detect residual dissonance across modalities. Adversarial Latent Fidelity Profiling (ALFP) assesses how closely a sample’s latent representation matches the manifold of real media, targeting high-fidelity deepfakes. Explainable Artifact Trace Mapping (EATM) introduces interpretable artifact-based heatmaps that aid both training and user validation. Finally, Format-Aware Adaptive Thresholding (FAAT) dynamically adjusts classification thresholds based on format-specific metadata, enhancing robustness across JPEG, PNG, MP4, and other formats. This integrated system achieves state-of-the-art performance with notable improvements: a 5.4% increase in detection accuracy on diffusion-based samples, a 12.5% reduction in false negatives in low-bitrate videos, and a 9.3% reduction in false positives across compressed images. The proposed framework thus establishes a scalable, explainable, and real-time deepfake detection pipeline with significant implications for secure media verification across digital platforms.