Lagerstroemia speciosa, also known as Banaba, is a medicinal herb commonly used in traditional medicine for treating diabetes. In recent years, it has gained significant attention from researchers for its potential antidiabetic properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of L. speciosa, which can provide a scientific basis for its traditional use in diabetes management. The study included macroscopic and microscopic characterization, physicoch

Study objectives included using solid dispersion technology to increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble MCZ and doing pharmacokinetic investigations in rabbits to characterise the time course of MCZ concentrations in blood. Gelucire 44/14 tablets (MCZ22) were chosen for in vivo evaluation after dissolution studies were performed on various MCZ formulations. The aim was to show that the optimised formulation increased MCZ bioavailability. Newly designed dosage forms' bioavailability can onl

After oral administration, piroxicam, a long-acting, powerful nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID), has limited bioavailability due to its extremely low solubility in gastrointestinal (GI) fluids. The goal of the current study was to develop and assess piroxicam-containing fast-dissolving oral films in order to address issues with solubility and bioavailability and improve patient convenience for both elderly and pediatric patients. Method: Piroxicam and α-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were made. To determine the ratio with the best dissolving rate, an in vitro dissolution study was conducted. Using sodium CMC/chitosan as film-forming agents and sodium starch glycolate/crospovidone as super disintegrating agents, the chosen inclusion complex was then used to create fast-dissolving oral films via the solvent casting method. Plasticizer PEG 400 is utilized. Formulations (F1–F12) were made and their physicochemical characteristics assessed. Studies on disintegration, dissolution, and penetration were also conducted in vitro. Results: The in vitro disintegration time was lowest for formulation F2 (14.94±3.06 s) and highest for formulation F9 (36.66±1.05 s). Better drug release was demonstrated by formulations F6 and F4, with respective rates of 94.4% and 92.9%. In 40 seconds, the formulation F6 produced better drug penetration of 96.65%. In comparison to the traditional preparations, the study found that the fast dissolving films exhibited a faster commencement of effect. The formulation was shown to have the potential to improve therapeutic efficacy.

The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous physiological functions, including metabolism, detoxification, and immune regulation. Hepatic injury, characterized by inflammation and hepatocyte damage, can lead to the development of various liver diseases, such as hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response and immune system activation. This research paper aims to explore the i

Amaltas (Cassia fistula Linn. also known as Bacterilobium fistula Wild) (Cassia) belongs to the Caesalpiniaceae family. In Urdu language it is known as "Amaltas" and in English language as "Indian Laburnum". It has been widely used in Unani system of medicine for various issues in India. The plant is made through indium as working on each. It is a deciduous and mixed storm forest through the more notable parts of India, rising up to 1300 m outside the Himalayas. It has been addressed to have hep

The present study was carried out to evaluate Antimicrobial Activity of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Datura stramonium leaf (HAESO). Herbal medicines have been widely utilized as effective remedies for the prevention and treatment of multiple health conditions for centuries by almost every known culture. The incidences of harmful nature of synthetic drugs, which were regarded as harmful to human beings and environment led to focus more on herbal medicine use for various treatments. Belonging to th

Super generic is the general form of nomenclature for hybrid medicinal product in European Union, which is coined suitably in different regulatory authorities. The Super generic form of the medicinal product is one that considers changes in the form of active substance, therapeutic indications, strength, pharmaceutical form or route of administration. They rely partly of results of pre-clinical tests and clinical trials of a reference / innovator product and some part on new data with appropriate bioavailability and bioequivalence studies. Marketing authorization for Super generics in European Union can be obtained through registration procedures like Centralized, Decentralized, Mutual recognition and national procedure. Additional studies like pharmacokinetics, preclinical and clinical studies are conducted as required by the changes that are made in the Super generic product compared to the innovator product. Antacid Orally Disintegrating Tablets as a part of Super generics have gained considerable attention since last decade. This mode of administration is expected to be beneficial to pediatric, geriatric patients, people with impaired swallowing and psychiatric patients. These products have a significant impact on exhausting marketing authorization trend of conventional dosage forms. In an effort to develop drug products that are more convenient to use and address potential issues of patient compliance, Super generic ODTs have been developed and with the acceptance by wide range of patients the market for these dosage forms are promising.

Ayurveda is one of the traditional medicinal systems of India. It is known as the “Mother of All Healing”. World Health Organisation estimated that 80% of the world’s inhabitants still rely mainly on traditional medicines for their health care. The titled study is to evaluate and confirm the CNS activities of experimental animal models. Aswhagandharishta (AA) is a herbo-mineral formulation consisting of 20 plants some of which are Medhyarasayanas. It has been claimed to be useful in treating central nervous system disorders. The animal models selected were tests for anti-convulsant activity, anti- inflammatory activity, anti-depressant activity, analgesic activity, anti-pyertic activity and learning and memory parameters. The study entails that polyhedral formulation of Ashwagandharishta has highly significant anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, anti-depressant activity, analgesic activity, anti-pyretic activity and learning and memory parameters. It was concluded that the Ashwagandharishta (AA) at a high dose (0.4 ml/Kg) have anticonvulsant, antidepressant activity, anti- inflammatory activity, anti-pyertic activity and analgesic activity whereas the low dose (0.2ml/Kg) have a sedative effect.

An opioid receptor agonist and acts on the muopioid receptors in the myenteric plexus large intestines; it works specifically by decreasing the activity of the myenteric plexus which decreases the motility of the circular and longitudinal smooth muscles of the intestinal wall. Loperamide Hydrochloride is a synthetic antidiarrheal indicated for the control and symptomatic relief of acute nonspecific diarrhea and of chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease. So an attempt was made to mask the taste and to formulate into fast dissolving tablet by direct compression. Loperamide Hydrochloride should be administrated orally once or twice daily for a total daily dosage of 2mg to 16mg according to the age and condition of the patient. In this investigation fast dissolving tablet were prepared by using super disintegrating agent: crosscaremellose sodium, crospovidon and sodium starch gycolate in concentration 10%, 15% and 20%. Sweeteners and flavors were used to enhance the organoleptic properties of tablet. Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. Prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, wetting time, in-vitro disintegration time, drug content and in vitro drug release. Disintegration time and drug release were taken as the basis to optimize the fast dissolving tablet. All the formulations were evaluated for the influence of disintegrates and their concentrations on the characteristics of fast dissolving tablet mainly in terms of disintegration time and dissolution studies. The disintegration time of all formulation showed less than 39 seconds. Among the three superdisintegrants used, Crospovidon showed less disintegrating time followed by crosscarmellose sodium and sodium starch gycolate. The relative efficiency of different superdisintegrants to improve the drug rate of tablets was in order, crospovidon> Crosscarmellose sodium >sodium starch gycolate.

PD is characterized by two hallmark pathological features which even today help in diagnosing the disease. The first feature is the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the ventral midbrain. DA neurons of the SNpc innervate the putamen and caudate via the nigrostriatal pathway and thereby exert a stimulating function to the striatum which regulates motor control. Loss of DA neurons leads to subsequent degeneration of the entire nigrostriat

A simple, specific and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of linagliptin and empagliflozine in tablet dosage forms. Chromatography was performed through kromosil (250 x 4.6 mm, 5) and isocratic elution. Mobile phase containing buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 70:30 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.1% OPA buffer with pH 4.8 adjusted by triethylamine maintained with a temperature of 30°C. Optimized wavelength for linagliptin and empagliflozine was 286 nm. Retention time of linagliptin and empagliflozine were found to be 1.920 min and 3.699 min respectively. %RSD of the linagliptin and empagliflozine were 1.0 and 0.94 respectively. All the validation parameters were in the acceptable range. Simultaneously this method applied to determine the degradation products of linagliptin and empagliflozine. The detection wavelength of 286 nm was chosen in order to achieve high sensitivity for quantitative determination of these drugs in solid dosage form. Method can be successfully employed for simultaneous estimation of these drugs in commercial products.

Recent advances in novel drug delivery system aims to enhance safety and efficacy by the formulating a convenient dosage form for administration to achieve the better patient compliance. One of the approaches is formulation of rapidly disintegrating tablets. These are useful for pediatric, geriatric and also dysphagic patients, leading to improved patient compliance. These dosage forms dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity within a matter of seconds without the need of water. Com

The most serious ADRs lead to hospitalization, and hospital stays can lead to further ADRs. Hence, HCPs and hospitals can play a significant role in minimizing ADR-related morbidity and mortality. HCPs can play multiple roles by carefully reviewing the full patient history, particularly the drug allergy and drug-drug interaction history, to avoid any unwanted ADRs. In addition, reporting ADRs to the responsible office at their hospital or the regulatory authority is a pharmacovigilance approach that can be used to minimize ADRs because reporting ADRs can increase HCPs’ awareness of reactions, which could result in the avoidance of particular drugs, thus reducing the harm associated with reactions to particular drugs. Several drugs have been withdrawn from the market as a result of HCPs reporting ADRs. However, understanding the knowledge and practice of health care professionals regarding ADR reporting is very important for enhancing the reporting of ADRs. Therefore, the present study is undertaken to determine the current status of ADR reporting and also to investigate knowledge and attitude of particularly nursing staffs towards pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting.

The other less likely techniques are membrane contractor, coacervation and solvent injection method [Gordillo-Galeano & Mora-Huertas et al, 2018]. In membrane contactor method, active ingredient is dispersed in the molten mixture of lipids and then pressurized to pass through a porous hydrophobic membrane (typically 0.05μm pore diameter) to the aqueous phase containing the stabilizing agent. The lipid forms droplets and precipitate in the form of SLN or NLC, once the aqueous phase is cooled to r

Nasal drug delivery is one of the most commonly employed route for the delivery of drugs which treats diseases like allergy, sinusitis, rhinitis and congestion etc. Nasal drug delivery is basically systematic delivery of drugs like Antihistamines, Vasoconstrictors, Anticholinergic and Anti congestion drugs through the highly vascularized Nasal mucosa. Nasal route is usually safe and effective for drug delivery as it delivers the drug to the systematic circulation without passing the hepatic firs

From the past few decades various advancement are made in the felid of research and development of various controlled and sustained release dosage forms. There were various incompatibility and problems with the delivery of these dosage forms in the systemic circulation and enhance the retention time of there dosage forms. To overcome the obstacles and to enhance the effect of the dosage forms various approaches of GRDDS have been developed like Raft forming system, Floating system, Modified shap

The terms rare disease and Orphan Disease are often used interchangeably. In USA any disease that effects less than 200,000 people is termed as a rare disease. Rare diseases are often misdiagnosed due to lack of adequate history and patient population. These diseases generated little interest with pharmaceutical companies, researchers, and clinical experts historically due to uncertainty of cost recovery as treated population is low. As a result, research, and development activities as well as investments on these drugs were less. Lack of financial incentive, high cost of development and unclear roadmap of cost recovery resulted in rare disease drugs being neglected from both development and marketing perspective. National Institutes of Health (NIH) has estimated that between 25–30 million citizens in the United States of America (USA) are suffering from at least one out of around 7000 rare diseases. It has been found that there was no clear health policy and experts in these fields were very less. These two factors caused late diagnosis and poor access to proper healthcare for people suffering from these diseases. Only a few experts caused misdiagnosis and unwillingness of patients to get treated due to associated costs caused fragmented information around the natural history of rare diseases.

A simple, specific, accurate stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for assay of Salmeterol xinafoate and Fluticasone propionate in Mdi using Hypersil BDS C18 column (15 cm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) Column and a mobile phase composing of Buffer: Acetonitrile: (35:65) v/v. The flow rate was 2.0 ml/min and the effluent was monitored at 220 nm. The retention time was 3.66 ±0.1 min and 9.225±0.1 minThe method was statistically validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness an

Traumatic brain injury is one of leading causes of indisposition and impermanence across allages of people in world, According to CDC (centers for disease control and prevention ) approximately 2.5 million patient are affected to traumatic brain injury such patients are hospitalized and another patient are died. Primary and secondary are two type of pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury primary brain injury is focal or mechanical brain injury and secondary brain injury is a diffused brain in

This investigation successfully developed and characterised a new transethosomal gel formulation including Curcumin longa extract for improved topical therapeutic use, demonstrating its efficacy as a promising option in controlling effective topical delivery system with potential applications in treating skin-related ailments and infections. The key goals were to optimise the formulation to maximise drug delivery efficiency, stability, and release profile, while also ensuring that the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipients worked well together. By undertaking extensive pre-formulation and characterisation tests, this study demonstrates the potential of transethosomal technology to overcome bioavailability and stability difficulties often associated with herbal extracts. Curcumin longa L was examined for excipient compatibility, organoleptic characteristics, solubility, melting point, and other key features prior to formulation. FTIR and DSC investigations confirmed that there was no conflict between the API and the excipients, indicating that the formulation is stable and suitable. The solubility investigation indicated that Curcumin longa L was easily soluble in chloroform, acetone and practically insoluble in water which helped to generate the transethosomes. These exploratory investigations provided the basis for developing a stable transethosomal complex that enhances the therapeutic potential of Curcumin longa L extract.The optimisation phase used a 33- response surface methodology to identify the optimal concentrations of phospholipid, ethanol and edge activator for maximal entrapment efficiency and particle size reduction. The optimised transethosomal formulation had an outstanding entrapment effectiveness of 68.70% and a particle size of 270.2nm and PDI 0.352. TEM investigation validated the spherical form of transethosomes, which is required for improved absorption and adhesion to topical tissues. The formulation's zeta potential of -16.6 mV revealed high stability, which is advantageous for the delivery system's long-term integrity.

According to the World Health Organisation, developing nations have a mortality rate from malnutrition of about 40%, which increases the demand for nutraceutical products to balance nutrient intake. The incidences of life style diseases over the world wide; has resulted in increasing demands of nutraceuticals. To suffice the basic need of an individual the nutraceutical industry has been launching series of nutraceutical products over the past ten years both in domestic as well as international

Chitosan was first discovered in 1811 by Henri Braconnot, director of the botanical garden in Nancy, France. Braconnot observed that a certain substance (chitin) found in mushrooms did not dissolve in sulphuric acid. Over the last 200 years, the exploration of chitosan has taken on many different forms. Several other researchers continue to build on the original finding of Braconnot, discovering new uses for chitin as they find different forms of it in nature. As seen in above Figure, both chiti

The skin is the biggest and easiest to manage organ in the body. Systems for transdermal medicine distribution are made to pierce the stratum corneum. Several methods have been used to boost drug penetration rates. The most cutting-edge vesicular system, called ethanolsomes, has a high ethanol content that enhances drug penetration into the deeper layers of skin. The transdermal delivery of drugs is the main use of ethosomes. Transdermal drug delivery is a self-contained, distinctive dosage form

Cancer, one of the leading illnesses, accounts for about 10 million deaths worldwide. The treatment of cancer includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and drug therapy, along with others, which is not only put a tremendous economic effect on patients but also develop drug resistance in patients with time. Delivery of active agents to the skin by liposomal carriers has improved topical therapy in the Weld of dermatology. Liposomes are nano-sized spherical vesicles composed of an aqueous

Aim: The goal of the current study is to create and improve PLGA nanobubbles that are loaded with the anticancer drug dasatinib. Methods: Modified Using a double water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion and the solvent-diffusion-evaporation method, create dasatinib -loaded PLGA nanobubbles. The point prediction approach provided by the Box Behnken design programme was recycled to determine the ideal PLGA nanobubble composition. The prepared nanobubbles were characterized by drug loading, entrapment efficiency, particle size, in-vitro studies, hemolytic studies, FTIR, DSC, and stability studies. Results: The optimized composition showed entrapment efficiency of 80.12 ± 4.11%, drug loading of 24.34 ± 2.12%, particle size of 69.86±3.44 nm with zetapotential of -35.64±1.86 and PDI 0.22±0.005. in-vitro studies exposed highest release of 99.58% with ultrasound for up to 24h. There was no evidence of a drug-polymer interaction, according to FTIR and DSC experiments. The TEM revealed homogeneous

Nitrogen and sulphur containing heterocycles are of high therapeutic importance due to broad spectrum of biological activities. The world of medicinal chemistry always looks for newer analogues to be developed to overcome the microbial resistance /higher therapeutic value. In view of this, a virtual library of nitrogen and sulphur containing heterocycles were designed and subjected for molecular docking analysis to find out probable potent erivatives. The docking analysis was done against targe

Recent advances in novel drug delivery system aims to enhance safety and efficacy by the formulating a convenient dosage form for administration to achieve the better patient compliance. One of the approaches is formulation of rapidly disintegrating tablets. These are useful for pediatric, geriatric and also dysphagic patients, leading to improved patient compliance. These dosage forms dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity within a matter of seconds without the need of water. Com

Asparagus racemosus Wipe out 100 mg/kg is known to have severe and strong protection against thyroid function when isolated and controlled test. Our establishment results are supporting, but further subatomic evaluations should elucidate the specific structure behind the counter thyroid development of Asparagus racemosus root. Amaltas base is tonic, antipyretic, astringent and strong diuretic. They are of remarkable use in joint pain, migraine, chest depression and blood division of the heart.

The eye is considered as one of the sensitive sensory organs. It is affected by many diseases, infection being the prominent. Ocular infections, due to bacteria are most prevalent worldwide. The other ocular infections are related to factors such as age, chronic nasolacrimal duct obstruction, contact lenses, trauma, dry eye state, surgery, and previous other ocular infections also [Yellepeddi & Palakurthi 2016; Galvis et al, 2014; Choudhury 2012; Iwalokun et al, 2011]. Ocular infections can be c

A patient”s clinical condition can be improved through gene therapy, which involves transferring genetic material to treat an illness. In order to carry the desired gene to the target cells in gene therapy, viruses are modified to act as genetic carriers. These carriers are categorized as RNA-based or DNA-based viral carriers depending on the type of genome they are carrying. The common retrovirus-based RNA carriers, including the murine leukemia virus, are basic retroviruses. These viruses” ina

DPPH is stable nitrogen centered free radical that can accept an electron or hydrogen radical tobecome a stable diamagnetic molecule. DPPH radicals react with suitable reducing agents, thenlosing colourstoichometrically with the number of electrons consumed, which is measuredspectrophotometricallty at 517 nm.17) As shown in PongamiapinnataLinn. extractstrongly scavenged DPPH radical with the IC50 being (0.4157mg/ml). The scavenging wasfoundtodosedependent.Thetotalantioxidantcapacityoftheextract

Helicteres isora Linn. (family Sterculiaceae) is a Medicinal Plant commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia. The plant has been traditionally used in various parts of the world to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes. In recent years, scientific studies have provided evidence supporting the antidiabetic properties of Helicteres isora Linn. herb. This review aims to explore the traditional use and importance of Helicteres isora Linn. herb in man

Targeted Drug Delivery system is often referred to as smart drug delivery. Targeted drug delivery is a technique for giving a patient medication in a way that elevates the concentration of the drug in specific areas of the body over others. By concentrating the medicine in the target tissues while lowering its relative concentration in the non-target tissues, targeted drug delivery aims to increase the concentration of the drug in the target tissues. The decrease in dosage and adverse effects of

Solid–lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers are delivery systems for the delivery of drugs and other bioactives used in diagnosis, therapy, and treatment procedures. These nanocarriers may enhance the solubility and permeability of drugs, increase their bioavailability, and extend the residence time in the body, combining low toxicity with a targeted delivery. Nanostructured lipid carriers are the second generation of lipid nanoparticles differing from solid lipid nanoparticles i

Skin cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Skin overexposure to ultraviolet irradiations, chemicals, and several viruses has a capability to cause severe skin-related disorders including immunosuppression and skin cancer. These factors act in sequence at various steps of skin carcinogenesis via initiation, promotion, and/or progression. These days cancer chemoprevention is recognized as the most hopeful and novel approach to prevent, inhibit, or reverse the processe

Solid dispersion is a formulation technique used to enhance the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In this review, we summarize the various methods of solid dispersion and their advantages in increasing the absorption of drugs. Different methods such as melting, solvent evaporation, spray drying, and hot melt extrusion have been described along with their limitations. The characterization techniques used to evaluate the properties of solid dispersions, such as X-ray di

A proven technology that has made a substantial contribution to pharmaceutical treatment globally is transdermal medication delivery. Significantly, a new chemical entity was recently produced and licenced for transdermal administration without having first been administered as an injectable or oral dosage form. Since 1980, this industry has shown whopping progress with numerous commercial victories. The current paper discusses the choice of drug candidates and polymers suitable for formulation

Objective:To evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of Flacourtia jangomas (MEFJ) leaf and stem in brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats Methods: Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneously injecting 20% w/v brewer’s yeast suspension (10ml/kg) into the animal’s dorsum region (below the nape of the neck). 18h after the injection, the rectal temperature of each rat was measured using a digital thermometer (HICKS, digital thermometer with beeper). Only rats that showed an increase in temperature of a

NLCs have provoked the incessant impulsion for the development of safe and valuable drug delivery systems owing to their exceptional physicochemical and then biocompatible characteristics. Throughout the earlier period, a lot of studies recounting NLCs based formulations have been noticeably increased. They are binary system which contains both solid and liquid lipids aiming to produce less ordered lipidic core. Their constituents particularly influence the physicochemical properties and effecti

Lipinski's rule of five has been a fundamental guideline in drug design since its introduction in the late 1990s. It provides a simple set of criteria to assess the potential for a molecule to become a drug candidate based on its physicochemical properties. The rule states that a compound is more likely to have desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmaceutical properties if it has a molecular weight below 500 Da, no more than five hydrogen bond donors, no more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors, and a c

The skin presents a readily accessible surface for drug delivery, covering approximately 2 square meters on the average adult body and receiving approximately one-third of the body's circulating blood. On each square centimeter of skin, there are typically 10-70 hair follicles and 200-250 sweat ducts. One method of drug delivery through the skin is the transdermal patch, which provides a controlled release of medication through either a porous membrane or melting thin layers of medication in the

The key differences between traditional and rational drug discovery methods. Rational drug design focuses on identifying and modulating specific biological targets involved in disease. A crucial criterion for target selection, ensuring the target can be effectively modulated by small molecules. Establishing the link between target modulation and disease modification is essential. Creating a screening assay using purified target protein is a critical step in the drug discovery process. Expanding

Expression, extraction, and distillation of fresh, dried, or preserved plants or plant parts are just some of the methods used to generate phytopharmaceuticals, which are a type of medicine made from plant material. The intricate nature of these goods makes it crucial to examine each individual constituent. Isolating, identifying, and measuring phytochemicals based on their unique properties constitute the analytical process. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatog

The objective of the present research work is to synthesize isoniazid based 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and evaluate for antimicrobial. 1,2,4-triazoles derivatives has been synthesized by reaction of Isoniazid with carbon disulfide in basic medium (KOH) to form Potassium dithiocarbazinate salt and reaction with hydrazine hydrate converted into 4-amino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4- triazole-3-thiol. This compounds was reacted with different benzaldehyde to form 4-[(substituted phenyl)- methylene]-ami

A comprehensive and accurate description of medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry is inorganic and organometallic compounds as potential drug candidates is particularly noteworthy, as it highlights the expanding scope of this field. Emphasizes the crucial role of various scientific disciplines in drug discovery and development. Clearly outlines the process of identifying, synthesizing, and optimizing drug candidates. Recognizes the importance of pharmaceutical chemistry in ensuring drug safety

A new series of 1, 2, 4 triazole and Isoxazoline derivatives were synthesized to meet structural requirements essential for Antioxidant, antimicrobial, Antidiabetic and Anti-tubercular activity. 3-(2-(3, 5-diphenyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl) ethyl)-4H-1,2, 4-triazol-4-amine) SS series of 1, 2, 4 triazole and 4-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole AS series of Isoxazoline compound were synthesized. IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectra and elemental analysis were recorded to confirm the structure of ta

Chemical analysis was used to determine which phytoconstituents were present, and they were found mostly in the following extract: Carbohydrate, Glycoside, Tannin, Gum, and MucilageSugars, Glucosides, Proteins, Fatty Acids, Stable Oils, Tannins, Phytosterols, Gum, Mucilage, Alkaloids, Resin, Flavonoids, and Flavonoids.Sugars, lipids, proteins, peptides, phenolic compounds, tannins, phytes, sterols, alkaloids, resins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids The extract with a polarity somewhere in the mid

Asian Crinum Lily (Crinum asiaticum) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a long history of traditional medicinal uses in various Asian cultures. This research paper provides an in-depth analysis of the plant, covering its structure, historical usage, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological properties, and potential toxicological aspects. Through a comprehensive review of available literature, this paper aims to enhance our understanding of Asian Crinum Lily and its potential applications in

The purpose of this work is to create and evaluate a novel in-situ gelling system that contains lomefloxacin to specifically treat bacterial infections of the ocular surface. The broad-spectrum antibiotic levofloxacin has demonstrated effectiveness in treating a range of ocular infections; nevertheless, the drug's poor bioavailability and brief duration of residency on the ocular surface are obstacles to successful treatment. An in-situ gelling device was created to give prolonged medication rel

Phytomedicine, the use of plant-derived substances for medicinal purposes, has been an integral part of traditional medicine systems for centuries. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring the therapeutic potential of natural remedies, especially those derived from Abutilon Indicum and Amaranthus spinosus leaves. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the medicinal properties of these plant species and their various fractio

The use of Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly or fly in short) in biological sciences spans over more than 100 years and its history is a very rich one. It was the fly which helped discover the concept that heritable traits resided on chromosomes and it went on to provide pioneering landmark discoveries in the field of classical genetics. It was initially selected by Thomas Hunt Morgan to understand how organisms underwent changes in order to get selected for the process of evolution. Mass breedi

Chronic inflammatory disorders and neurodegenerative diseases are two complex and interconnected groups of pathologies that have attracted substantial attention in recent years. Although they exhibit distinct clinical manifestations, emerging evidence suggests a strong association between chronic inflammation and the onset and progression of various neurodegenerative disorders. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the interplay between chronic inflammatory processes and the development of

The phytoconstituents were identified by chemical test which showed thevarious phytoconstituents mainly in the following extractGlycoside, Carbohydrate, tannins, , Gum &mucilageCarbohydrate, Glycoside, Proteins & amino acids, Fixed oil & fats, Phenolic compounds& tannins, Phytosterol, Gum & mucilage, Alkaloids, Gum & mucilage, Resin, FlavonoidsCarbohydrate, Glycoside, Proteins & amino acids, Saponins, Phenolic compounds& tannins, Phytosterol, Alkaloids, Resin, Flavonoids In the above stated extr

Urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, is a prevalent and painful urological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. This research paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of urolithiasis, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and diagnostic approaches. Additionally, the paper will focus on the intricate symptoms of kidney stones, encompassing both the common and a typical manifestations. Understanding the diverse symptoms associated with kidney stones

The pharmaceutical industry plays a pivotal role in healthcare, as it provides essential medications to treat various diseases and improve human well-being. However, ensuring the safety, efficacy, and quality of pharmaceutical products is of paramount importance. This research paper aims to explore the methods and technologies used for drug analysis, detect adulteration in pharmaceuticals, and examine the significance of biomarkers in diagnosing diseases and monitoring drug responses. The paper

The present study was carried out to evaluate Antidandruff Activity of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Datura stramonium leaf (HAESO). Nowadays, there is a renewed interest in drugs of natural origin simply because they were considered as green medicine and is always supposed to be safe. Another factor is the incidences of harmful nature of synthetic drugs, which were regarded as harmful to human beings and environment. Belonging to the family: Solanaceae, a widely available plant commonly called as

Phytochemicals, natural bioactive compounds found in plants, have been extensively studied for their potential pharmacological and therapeutic benefits. These compounds play a crucial role in plant defense mechanisms, and their diverse chemical structures and biological activities make them valuable for human health. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the most significant phytochemical classes and their associated health benefits. By exploring their potential applicati

The present study include the synthesis and characterization of some new Thiazolidine-4-one derivative condensation with primary amine (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, pyrazinoic acid hydrazide and sulphanilamide) in presence of formaldehyde via mannich reaction. The Prepared Compounds GS1-GS13 diagnosed by using IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectra and elemental analysis. Most of the synthesized compounds were sensitive against gram positive, gram negative bacterial and fungal strains. Among the synthesized m

2-Aminobenzothiazole is a versatile heterocyclic scaffold that has garnered significant attention in the field of drug discovery due to its diverse biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances and challenges associated with utilizing 2-aminobenzothiazole as a privileged scaffold in drug discovery. We discuss the synthesis methods, structural modifications, and the diverse range of biological target

Arthritis is a complex group of musculoskeletal disorders characterized by inflammation and joint pain. B-cells, a key component of the adaptive immune system, have garnered significant attention for their involvement in the pathogenesis of various forms of arthritis. This journal article explores the multifaceted role of B-cells in arthritis, focusing on their contribution to disease development and progression. Additionally, it discusses the emerging therapeutic strategies targeting B-cells th

The formulation strategies for enhancing the dissolution rates of fast-dissolving antiemetic tablets are studied, particularly with respect to Ondansetron. This is because, despite its wide application as an antiemetic drug, it has poor aqueous solubility and hence suboptimal bioavailability. Thus, a comprehensive approach has been adopted in which various excipients, namely superdisintegrants (Sodium starch glycolate, Crosscarmellose sodium), solubilizers (Poloxamer 188, Tween 80), and binders (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone) have been employed to optimize the formulation. The formulation of fast-dissolving tablets was based on a 2^2 factorial design, evaluating the effects of superdisintegrant and solubilizer concentrations on the dissolution rate of Ondansetron and prepared using the direct compression method. The characterization for the tablets was done by weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution study. SSG content with 6%

Pullulan is a natural exopolysaccharide with many useful characteristics. However, pullulan is more costly than other exopolysaccharides, which limits its effective application. The purpose of this study was to adopt a novel mixed-sugar strategy for maximizing pullulan production, mainly using potato starch hydrolysate as a low-cost substrate for liquid-state fermentation by Aureobasidium pullulans. Based on fermentation kinetics evaluation of pullulan production by A. pullulans 201253, the pull

2-Aminobenzothiazole compounds are widely used in various industrial applications, including the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and rubber chemicals. However, their potential toxicity and environmental impact have raised concerns about their safe use and disposal. This research paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the toxicity and environmental implications of 2-aminobenzothiazole compounds based on existing literature and experimental data. The paper aims to provide insights into t

Significant volumes of wastewater effluents are generated and the textile industry is among the biggest consumers of water. The vital physicochemical parameters of the source water utilized and the effluents produced were analyzed in this research. These parameters comprised electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand. To determine the effluents' contamination burden, a comparison was made between the physical characteristics of the efflue

The main objective of the present work was to develop a simple, precise, specific & stability indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Formoterol Fumarate and Budesonide in bulk tablet dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Formoterol Fumarate and Budesonide was achieved on waters symmetryC18 (4.6*150mm) 5µm and the mobile phase containing water ethanol in the ratio of 30:70 v/v as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, detection was carried out by absorption at 298 nm

The capability of stem cells to separate into different cell types can possibly alter regenerative medicine. The therapeutic capability of stem cells for fixing and regenerating tissues has not yet been totally understood, however this research explores the set of experiences and present status of the matter. Both grown-up and embryonic stem cells have expected restorative purposes, however each has its own arrangement of advantages and disadvantages. In spite of moral worries and the gamble of

The use of nanotechnology in medicine, known as nanomedicine, has changed the field significantly in recent years. Although some of the features of nanoparticles have been found to have biological applications, their occasional demonstration of cell toxicity has raised concerns about their therapeutic use. Here we have explained the many applications of nanoparticles in different diseases and how nanoparticle showing its impact on all this. The unique properties of nanomaterials enable precise t

Green energy refers to renewable energy sources that are environmentally friendly and have a minimal impact on the planet. What is important is that we must change the life of humans being, due to the concept of the medical and dental, including three dimensions are ecology, economy, and social awareness. This paper gives the analysis of using the renewable energy, through the development of the health system, medicinal facility, and other factors. Through research, attention was paid to analyzi