Medicinal plants are rich source of antimicrobial agents plants are used medicinally in different countries and are the sources of potential and powerful drugs.The substances that can either inhabits the growth of pathogens or kill them and have no or least toxicity to host cells are considered candidates for developed new antibacterial drugs. In recent years antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants are being increasingly reports from different parts of world .Many efforts have been made to

Plants are constantly exposed to a variety of environmental stresses that can significantly impact their growth, development, and productivity. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in harnessing the potential of beneficial microorganisms to enhance plant resilience to stressors. Among these, stress-resistant Pseudomonas strains have emerged as promising candidates due to their ability to promote plant growth and alleviate stress-induced damage. This research paper aims to provide a

The mathematical theory of quasilinear hyperbolic equations places a significant emphasis on the concept of characteristic hypersurfaces and the geometry of which they are composed. It is possible for a continuous solution to have Lipschitz discontinuities in its first or higher order normal derivatives over these hypersurfaces. This is due to the fact that, in the event that characteristic hypersurfaces are present, they perform the same role as bearers of discontinuities as they do in the case

A tributary of the Godavari, also called Godavari, is the Manjeera (or Manjara). It passes across Telangana, Karnataka, and Maharashtra states. It rises at an elevation of 823 meters in the Ahmednagar district, above the Balaghat range of hills, and flows southeast to meet the Godavari River. From October through March, surface water samples were collected at five different locations on a regular basis. Indicators that are physicochemical and biological were examined. Along with the existence o

One of the most cutting-edge areas of study is the delivery of drugs to cancer cells during chemotherapy. Current cancer therapy medications are ineffective because they can't differentiate between cancer cells and normal cells; as a result, they destroy both types of cells. To get around this problem and take advantage of the fact that cancer cells differ from normal cells in terms of their physical and chemical properties, drug-delivering nanoparticles (NPs) are engineered in a particular way

The study evaluated the potential of two stress-tolerant Pseudomonas isolates, P. putida (RPF9) and P. fluorescens (PFDWD), to enhance the growth of groundnut plants in the face of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) and water scarcity (-10.28 MPa and -26.82 MPa). The isolates were cultured, extracted, and applied to groundnut seeds, which were then planted in a mixture of sand, coco peat, and garden soil. Plant growth parameters were assessed, including root and shoot length, fresh and dry weights, relat

The mappings σ are one-to-one and such that σm(ok) ≠ ok for all advantageous integers ok and m, wherein σm(ok) denotes the mth iterate of the mapping σ at ok. Thus Ф extends the restrict useful on c, the distance of convergent sequences, withinside the experience that Ф(x) = lim ξk for all x ∈ c. In case σ is the interpretation mapping ok→ok+1, an invariant suggest is frequently known as a Banach restrict and Vσ, the set of bounded sequences all of whose invariant approach are equal, is the set

The potential of the medicinal plants in the Kashmir Valley as sources of bioactive chemicals is highlighted by this study, which examines their biodiversity. The research focuses on the systematic identification and characterisation of these chemicals using bioactivity-guided fractionation methods. A variety of biological activities, including antioxidant and antibacterial qualities, are assessed in this study, which starts with plant selection and extraction and continues with fractionation an

Monitored on monthly basis at Palla and impact locations and once in a year (June month) at other locations except Allahabad and locations upstream of Hathnikund. Cadmium & nickel were rarely present in the Yamuna River during study period. Cadmium was observed only twice with a concentration of 0.02 mg/l (at Agra downstream June, 2009) and 0.11 mg/l (at Agra downstream – quarter-stream in March, 2011) whereas nickel was present at all the impact locations during the year 2009, at Mathura (midst

For the polynomial P (z) =∑_(k=0)^n▒ajzj, aj ≥ aj-1, a0 > 0, j = 1, 2, …, n, an > 0, a classical result of Eneström-Kakeya says that all the zeros of P (z) lie in |z|≤ 1. This outcome was summed up by A. Joyall and G. Labelle, where they loosened up the non-antagonism condition on coefficients. It was additionally summed up by M.A Shah by loosening up the monotonicity of certain coefficients. In this paper, we utilize a few known procedures and give a few additional speculations of the outcomes

The sea areas of India are home to an unrivalled abundance of naturally occurring arrangements of a wide variety of organisms. There are a total of 21730 marine species known to exist throughout the globe. Indian seas are home to 2546 of these species, which accounts for 11.7% of the global total. India is one of the most calculative nations in the world, with a combined coastline length of 8041 kilometres and an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) area of 2.02 million kilometres (FAO 2000). There are

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide epidemic that is having an impact on all facets of human life, including the natural environment. There are a number of social and economic implications of the COVID-19 lockdown. The natural ecosystem has been somewhat positively impacted by this lockout and the limited human mobility. Additionally, there are certain unfavourable effects of COVID-19, such as a rise in medical waste, careless handling and disposal of disinfectants, masks, and gl

In this study, pure and Co-doped tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method, and the effect of Co-doping on the Operational, Ocular, photocatalytic, and “antimicrobial” activities was studied. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption analysis. The XRD patterns of all the samples are iden

Phytoliths are microscopic, inorganic silica bodies that are produced by plants. They are found in all plant tissues, but are most abundant in the epidermal cells of leaves, stems, and roots. Phytoliths are resistant to decay and can survive for millions of years in the environment. They are therefore an important source of information about past vegetation and climate. The Poaceae (grasses) are a large and diverse family of plants that includes over 10,000 species. Grasses are found in all part

Owing to the potential therapeutic benefits of these bioactive chemicals, optimizing tissue culture to increase the synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants has become imperative. With pharmacological advantages including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer characteristics, secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics are important for both human health and plant defense. Nonetheless, growing circumstances and environmental variables ofte

An elementary survey of metric spaces, their properties and the concept of continuity as it pertains to them is provided in this work, along with some comparisons to uniform continuity and convergence. An overview of prior research on metric space, its extension, and practical outcomes from studies that utilized these spaces for various purposes are also included. For mixed monotone mappings in partial order metric spaces, we provide a fixed-point theorem, assuming weak contractility. Our theory

The importance cited in literature is enforcing to worker that they give a lot of attention on their traditional flora to catalogue their antimicrobial or anti-infectious properties. In this series Rajasthan also have its endemic flora, which have a lot of interest for ethnopharmacology.Over 50% of all modern clinical drugs are of natural product origin (Stuffne and Douros 2003) and natural products play an important role in drug development programs in the pharmaceutical industry (Baker et. al.

Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy as waves or particles through space or through a material medium which is able to penetrate various materials and is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles. Radiation processing can be defined as exposure of materials with high energy radiation to change their physical, chemical, or biological characteristics, to increase their usefulness, and safety purpose, or to reduce their har

Dengue is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. It is spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Dengue is a major public health problem, with an estimated 390 million infections and 96,000 deaths each year. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a small, black and white mosquito that is about one-third the size of a housefly. It is found in urban and peri-urban areas, and prefers to live in close proximity to humans.

Ethnobotany, as a bridge between traditional knowledge and modern science, offers valuable insights into the medicinal use of plants that are deeply rooted in cultural heritage. However, the preservation and utilization of this knowledge face challenges such as data fragmentation, loss of oral traditions and a lack of systematic documentation. This paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionize ethnobotanical research by analyzing and synthesizing vast datasets, predicting new uses for medicinal plants, and enhancing the documentation of indigenous knowledge. By integrating AI-driven tools such as machine learning algorithms, natural language processing and predictive analytics, researchers can uncover patterns, optimize plant-based healthcare solutions and preserve cultural heritage. Case studies demonstrate successful applications of AI in classifying plants, validating traditional medicinal claims, and bridging knowledge gaps. The paper also addresses the integration of AI with ethnobotanical research as it not only fosters innovation in sustainable healthcare but also serves as a crucial step toward safeguarding cultural knowledge for future generations.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative illness marked by intracellular protein clumps called Lewy bodies and the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation pathways linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, according to recent studies. By targeting genes involved in antioxidant defense systems, mitochondrial activity, and alpha-synuclein aggregation, miRNAs influence oxida

The HgPb2 complex has been taken into consideration when reporting the thermophysical parameters of the compound that forms binary liquid mercury-lead alloy at a temperature of 600 K as a function of concentration. By using a quasi-chemical approximation, it is possible to study the alloy's micro- and macro-scopical properties, including the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy of mixing, chemical activity of each component, and concentration fluctuation in the long-wavelength limit. The interaction ener

In this research work, we present a routing algorithm for networks based in clusters, which performs periodic data collection environment. The environment monitor is divided into a uniform grid to locate clusters headers. The algorithm works in two distinct rounds of selection and training of headers of clusters, and other supply information to the base station using some function aggregation. The measurement of environmental variables is essential for monitoring and control environments and ac

Oil seeds are a nice wellspring of protein, sugars, and fiber. They relatively contain updates and minerals, for instance, vitamin A, L-ascorbic terrible, potassium, and magnesium. Oil seeds are a fair wellspring of sound fats, and they contain oleic dazzling, which is a monounsaturated fat that is known to be huge for heart flourishing. Oil seeds are used to make different food methodologies, including breads, cakes, treats, and eats. They are as such used to make oil, which is a conspicuous co

The umbilical cord blood serves as a crucial source of information about the prenatal environment and fetal health. In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring the relationship between umbilical cord blood lipid profiles and liver and renal function tests in newborns, aiming to understand their implications for fetal development and subsequent health outcomes. This paper reviews existing literature on this topic, highlighting the potential significance of integrating lipid prof

Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell therapy has emerged as a promising avenue in regenerative medicine due to its abundant availability, low immunogenicity, and potent regenerative properties. While initially utilized primarily for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, recent advancements have unveiled its potential across a spectrum of clinical applications. This article comprehensively reviews the expanding scope of UCB cell therapy in clinical practice, encompassing its role in diverse t

Chlorella used as a medicine in the ancient time, so also known as a nutraceutical. Chlorella have high added value food such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, functional foods, dietary supplements and pharmaceutical products. Chlorella is considered a potential source of a wide spectrum of nutrients, including chlorophyll, carotenoids, minerals, vitamins and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Chlorella is a promising marine microalgae species due to its ability to accumulate

The main objective of the present work is to develop a simple, precise, specific and stability method indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the estimation of Metformin hydrochloride and Pioglitazone in tablet dosage form. The analysis was carried out by using a mobile phase consisting of 0.02M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile in the ratio 55:45.the detection was carried out by using UV – Visible SPD 20 A at 240 nm.The column was phenominex Gemi

किसी भी देश की जैव विविधता के संरक्षण एवं वृद्धि के लिए जैव विविधता का सम्पुष्ट एवं व्यापक अध्ययन आवश्यक होता है क्योंकि किसी भी राष्ट्र की समृद्धि का निर्धारण वहॉं की जैव विविधता के आधार पर होता है।

This study focuses on estimating technical efficiency using both probabilistic and deterministic models. The primary data for analysis were collected through a student-oriented survey conducted in the Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. The survey included 900 students from private schools. Data was collected in two stages, during the students' X and XII standards. The estimation of technical efficiency was performed using probabilistic Stochastic Frontier Analysis and deterministic Data Envelo

Some of the fundamental topological conclusions that are necessary with the development of covers within the gathered lines here. This is not a new phenomenon. An explanation of the generic notation used here is provided in this section. “Let r ∈ N, and let P = {p1, ..., pr}be a number of data points r chunk of P 1C Let the topographical foundational group of the punched parametric line be 1(P kev P, p0), also with start point p0 P kev P. The adjoint groups of pathways 1,..., r, where I is any r

Today, agroforestry is recognized as an integrated applied science that has the potential for addressing many of the land-management and environmental problems found in both developing and industrialized nations. Numerous and diverse AFSs can be found in the tropics, partly because of their favorable climatic conditions, and partly because of the socioeconomic factors such as human population pressure, higher labor availability, smaller land-holding size, complex land tenure, and closer proximi

आहार का अर्थ है वह पदार्थ जिसे हम अपने शरीर की जरुरतो की पूर्ती के लिए खाते पीते है। इस प्रकार सरल शब्दों में हम भोजन को ही आहार कह सकते है। प्रत्येक जीव के शरीर में अनेकों जैविक क्रियाए हमेशा चलती रहती है और इन कियाओ को सही ढंग से जारी रखने के लिए हमें जरुरी ऊर्जा, भोजन से ही मिलती रहती है। इस प्रकार भोजन या आहार हमारे जीवन की प्राथमिक और आवश्यक शर्त है भोजन के बिना कोई भी जीव जिंदा नहीं रह सकता है। (आहार विज्ञान, डॉ. रेणू त्रिपाठी, डॉ. अपर्णा त्रिपाठी) भोजन तो जीवन के लिए आवश्यक है ही लेकिन उ

भारत में कामकाजी महिलाओं की स्थिति शोध कार्य के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण खोज का विषय है भारत में कार्यशील महिलाओं में तीव्रता से परिवर्तन हुआ है उनकी विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में जैसे राजनैतिक, समाजिक, आर्थिक, धार्मिक, शैक्षणिक विधि सम्बन्धी स्थिति में परिवर्तन एवं प्रगति लाने के विविध प्रयास किए गए हैं। महिलाओं की स्थिति में प्राचीन काल से आज तक जो परिवर्तन हुए हैं एवं हो रहे हैं उस पर यदि विचार किया जाए तो यह आवश्यक भी हो जाता है कि उनकी हो रही प्रगति पर भी अनुसंधान कार्य किया जाए ताकि उनकी समस्याओं को समझक

“पहला सुख निरोगी काया“ यह मात्र कहावत नहीं बल्कि शत-प्रतिशत सच है परन्तु निरोग रहने के लिए उत्तम पोषण आवश्यक है। उत्तम पोषण की प्राप्ति हेतु आहार में सभी पौष्टिक तत्वों का उचित मात्रा एवं अनुपात में रहना बेहद जरूरी है। कार्बोज जहाँ ऊर्जा प्रदान करता है, वहीं प्रोटीन शरीर में निर्माणत्मक कार्यों को सम्पन्न करता है। विटामिन एवं खनिज लवण सुरक्षात्मक एवं नियंत्रणात्मक कार्यों को करते हैं। पौष्टिक तत्व की अधिकता एवं कमी दोनों ही उत्तम स्वास्थ्य के लिए हानिप्रद है। अल्प पोषण के कारण व्यक्ति बेरी-बेरी,

This paper considers an introduction stock model with coordinated accept purchases for something. Aspects are composed in a specific phase message structure. Aggregated structure makes the best of faulty things. This huge number of incomplete substances turns into a relative circle. The coercive process covers the case that restoration is complete and immateriality is not permitted. The timing of things hurting is largely inevitable at some stage in maximum supportive manufacturing processes. T

It is possible to imprint nonlinear phase shifts on pulses propagating via quadratic nonlinear mediums. Phase shifts of femtoseconds are discussed in this article, and their applications to femtosecond pulse production and propagation are also discussed. Ultrashort pulses can only be imprinted with self-defocusing nonlinear phase shifts in quadratic media. Pulses with a length of a few optical cycles will be introduced as part of ongoing research on controllable nonlinear phase shifts. Nonlinear

Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique optical properties and potential applications in various fields such as photonics, infrared sensors, and telecommunications. Among the different forms of ChGs, solution-driven thin films have emerged as a promising avenue for exploring their optical properties and enabling novel device designs. This research paper provides a comprehensive review of the optical properties of Chalcogenide glass soluti

Rubber is an elastic made from the exudations (oozing out) of certain tropical plants or petroleum and natural gas. Rubber is the primary component of tires used in automobiles, aeroplanes, and bicycles because of its flexibility, durability, and hardness. More than half of all rubber produced is used in automotive tires, with the remainder going into mechanical parts like mountings, gaskets, belts, and hoses, as well as consumer goods like shoes, clothes, furniture, and toys. Elastomers, or "el

आहार जीवन का आधार है। प्रत्येक प्राणी के जीवन के लिए आहार आवश्यक है। अत्यंत सूक्ष्म जीवाणु से लेकर बृहत्काय जंतुओं, मनुष्यों, वृक्षों तथा अन्य वनस्पतियों को आहार ग्रहण करना पड़ता है। वनस्पतियाँ अपना आहार पृथ्वी और वायु से क्रमशः अकार्बनिक लवण और कार्बन डाईआक्साइड के रूप में ग्रहण करती हैं। सूर्य के प्रकाश में पौधे इन्हीं से अपने भीतर उपयुक्त कार्बोहाइड्रेड, वसा और अन्य पदार्थ तैयार कर लेते हैं। मनुष्य तथा जंतु अपना आहार वनस्पतियों तथा जांतव शरीरों से प्राप्त करते हैं। इस प्रकार उनको बना बनाया आह

साहित्य समाज का दर्पण है । एक साहित्यकार समाज की वास्तविक तस्वीर को सदैव अपने साहित्य में उतारता रहा है । मानव जीवन समाज का ही एक अंग है । मनुष्य परस्पर मिलकर समाज की रचना करते हैं । इस प्रकार समाज और मानव जीवन का संबंध भी अभिन्न है । समाज और जीवन दोनों ही एक दूसरे के पूरक हैं । आदिकाल के वैदिक ग्रंथों व उपनिषदों से लेकर वर्तमान साहित्य ने मनुष्य जीवन को सदैव ही प्रभावित किया है । दूसरे शब्दों में, किसी भी काल के साहित्य के अध्ययन से हम तत्कालीन मानव जीवन के रहन-सहन व अन्य गतिविधियों का सहज ही

Scientific research is a continuous process, and the speed of future progress can be estimated by the pace of finding explanations for previous research questions. In this observers based view of stellar pulsation and asteroseismology, In this contribution we briefly review some of the current issues and promises for the future by asteroseismology. We are entering a new phase in this field driven by the wealth of data that has been collected and data that will soon be available for asteroseism

This study investigates the puzzling organic highlights of Meeranpur Lake in Sultanpur Region, Uttar Pradesh, India, by directing a careful examination of the gut contents of Rohu (Labeo Rohita), one of the most notable carp species in India. By careful perception and exploration, the venture means to reveal insight into Rohu's taking care of inclinations and trophic connections inside this particular marine environment. The objective of the ongoing audit was to analyze the gut contents of India

Sedimentary basins of the Himalayan region have been largely developed by a collisional mountain building processes. At multiple stratigraphic stages, petroleum systems, conventional as well as unconventional, have been formed due to continuous deformation from Precambrian to Neogene. Himalayan basins are prospective for hydrocarbon exploration because of suitable tectono-sedimentary geometry, oil/gas seepages/leakages. The occurrence of commercial oil and gas discoveries in adequately identical

Solid waste management is defined as the discipline associated with control of generation, storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste materials in a way that best addresses the range of public health, conservation, economic, aesthetic, engineering, and other environmental considerations. ”In its scope, solid waste management includes planning, administrative, financial, engineering, and legal functions. Solutions might include complex inter-disciplinary re

ZnO and its qualities are the focus of this article. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) has been studied for its usual qualities, which are discussed in this article. Doping ZnO with either cation substitution from Group III elements or anion substitution from Group VII elements is simple and straightforward. Al, Ga, and In are the most often utilised dopants, resulting in high-quality films with excellent conductivity. While n-type ZnO can be easily made, the question of how to make p-type ZnO is still up for di

By combining linked fixed-point theorems with S-multiplicative metric space, this study seeks to understand equivalence patterns in competitive racing. The project is going to make use of these numeric concepts in race data to find out stable configurations and invariant features that will influence execution. Two theorems, 3.1 and 3.2, which manage the existence of fixed sites and the demands that ought to be met for them to keep up with stability in mixed drone situations structure the basic b

Superconductivity, the phenomenon of zero electrical resistance, has attracted significant scientific interest since its discovery. In recent years, researchers have increasingly recognized the crucial role of magnetism and crystal structure in influencing the emergence and properties of superconductivity. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the intricate interplay between magnetism, crystal structure, and superconductivity. We discuss the fundamental principles underlying super

Green synthesis of nanoparticles has many potential applications in environmental and biomedical fields. Green synthesis aims in particular at decreasing the usage of toxic chemicals. For instance, the use of biological materials such as plants is usually safe. Plants also contain reducing and capping agents. Here we present the principles of green chemistry, and we review plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles and their recent applications. Nanoparticles include gold, silver, zinc oxide

Zingiber is a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family Zingiberaceae. It is native to tropical Asia and Australia. The genus contains over 100 species, many of which are cultivated for their edible rhizomes. Ginger is a popular spice and flavoring agent, and it is also used in traditional medicine. Biosystematic studies on the genus Zingiber have been conducted for many years. These studies have focused on the taxonomy, phylogeny, and evolution of the genus. They have also investigated the

Oil seeds are a good wellspring of protein, sugars, and fiber. They similarly contain upgrades and minerals, for instance, vitamin A, L-ascorbic horrendous, potassium, and magnesium. Oil seeds are a fair wellspring of sound fats, and they contain oleic shocking, which is a monounsaturated fat that is known to be huge for heart flourishing. Oil seeds are used to make different food game plans, including breads, cakes, treats, and eats. They are in this manner used to make oil, which is unmistakab

Genetic disorders are a group of diseases that are caused by changes in our genes. Genes are the basic units of heredity that are passed down from parents to children. They contain the instructions for building and maintaining our bodies. When a gene is mutated, or changed, it can lead to a genetic disorder. There are thousands of different genetic disorders, and they can vary in severity from mild to life-threatening. Some genetic disorders are present from birth, while others may develop later

20 soil samples of agriculture soil were collected from two different sites in Gwalior, during hot and cold seasons. tensamples were from soil irrigated with canal water (site A) and ten samples were from soil irrigated with wastewater (site B). This study aimed to compare the incidence of plasmids in bacteria isolated from soil and to investigate the occurrence of metal and antibiotic resistance bacteria, and consequently to select the potential application of these bacteria in bioremediation. The total bacterial count (CFU/gm) in site (B) was higher than that in site (A). Moreover, the CFU values in summer were higher than those values in winter at both sites. A total of 771 bacterial isolates were characterized as Bacillus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Eschershia, Shigella, Xanthomonas, Acetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Moraxella and Methylococcus. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Pb+2, Cu+2, Zn+2, Hg+2, Co+2, Cd+2, Cr+3 Te+2, As+2 and Ni+2 for plasmid-possessed bacteria were determined and the highest MICs were 1200 g/mL for lead, 800 g/mL for both Cobalt and Arsenate, 1200 g/mL for Nickel, 1000 g/ml for Copper and less than 600 g/mL for other metals. Bacterial isolates from both sites A and B showed multiple heavy metal resistance. A total of 337 bacterial isolates contained plasmids and the incidence of plasmids was approximately 25-50% higher in bacteria isolated from site (B) than that from site (A). These isolates were resistance to different antibiotics. Approximately, 61% of the bacterial isolates were able to assimilate insecticide, carbaryl, as a sole source of carbon and energy. However, the Citrobacter AA101 showed the best growth on carbaryl.

Rapid exchange of weight gain and weight loss with a sedentary lifestyle due to everyday urbanization may be a risk factor for dyslipidemia and likewise for CVD. Urban areas may also bring higher economic prestige, resulting in better consumption of fast food and sedentary living. Another study also noted that the city population is experiencing a change in diet, caused by changes in daily diets, which may be lower in saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fiber. There may be a

Katherine H. (2016) It is likely that quite a few of the individuals who read this will be taken aback to realise the extent of the medical applications that may be found for lanthanides. Lanthanides have only recently gained a measure of popularity and more extensive research attention, mostly as a result of the extraordinary success of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents. This is due to the fact that lanthanides have unique properties that make them useful in a variety of applications. This i

Antimicrobial sulfonamide medicines are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Sulfonamide pharmaceuticals Medical and veterinary professionals still rely on this group of antibacterial medicines. Although a number of analytical approaches have been offered, many of them are not appropriate for routine quality control due to lengthy procedures or expensive gear. Drugs with sulfonamide functional group chemistry (SN) are a major part of the pharmaceutical industry. Sufonamides are capable

Due to recent technology advancements, machine learning is now widely applied in a variety of contexts. It has shown remarkable success in solving a wide range of complicated issues, and its talents are strikingly similar to, if not superior to, those of humans. Recent research, however, has shown that machine learning models can be attacked in a number of ways, putting both the models and the systems they are used in at risk. Furthermore, the opaque character of deep learning models makes such

Regular change is a general test with various impacts at the general society and sub-national levels, through impacts for various locales such as construction, water resources, official association and biodiversity, human prosperity, energy and establishment. A comprehensible response to such various impacts and a level playing field of the process is needed to better position against natural change. A joint effort needs to be achieved between the open requirements and the state-specific system,

T regulatory cells (Tregs) are immune cells that have important role in regulation of immune responses and preventing autoimmunity, which is when the immune system attacks the body”s tissues. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease that affects the joints, evidence suggests that Tregs are dysfunctional or reduced in number, contributing to the disease. Tregs are responsible for suppressing the activity of other immune cells, including T cells and B cells, which are involved in the i

Palm seeds are the seeds of the palm tree, a member of the Arecaceae family. Palm trees are found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, and there are over 2,600 species of palm trees. Palm seeds are an important source of food and oil for humans, and they are also used in a variety of industrial products. Palm seeds are typically oval or round in shape, and they can be either hard or soft. The size of palm seeds varies depending on the species of palm tree, but they are typically

Biological contaminants are living organisms that can cause harm to human health. They can be found in water, air, soil, and food. Canals are often contaminated with biological contaminants, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Biological contaminants are living organisms that can cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment. They can be found in a variety of places, including food, water, soil, and air. Biological contaminants can be caused by a variety of factors, including human ac

The use of hybrid vehicles in the agricultural field is a growing trend. These vehicles offer a number of advantages over traditional diesel-powered tractors, including reduced fuel consumption, lower emissions, and increased productivity. Hybrid vehicles use a combination of electric and gasoline engines to power the vehicle. This allows them to operate more efficiently than traditional diesel-powered tractors, which can waste a significant amount of fuel when idling or operating at low speeds.

The presented paper highlights the condition Water is a critical resources in the lives of people who both benefit from its use and who are harmed by its misuse and unpredictability (flooding, drought, salinity, acidity, and degraded quality) water is a finite and vulnerable resources. It is also the duty of every citizen under article 51 (A) g to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures. To control the

Plant physiology is the study of the internal processes of plants, including how they grow, develop, reproduce, and respond to their environment. It is a broad and interdisciplinary field that encompasses a wide range of topics, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy, and stomata function and transpiration. Photosyn

Health care planning and administration may be enhanced by employing the many methods encompassed by operational research. O.R. is concerned with using analytical tools to improve decision-making. This study aims to examine the theory (Queuing) and examples (from across the world) of the use of queuing theory in healthcare organizations, as well as the advantages gained from doing so. Wait times for those seeking medical attention are unfortunately common. Waiting too long might result in annoya

The nature of adsorbent depends mainly on the chemical composition of the adsorbent but the surface which is responsible for the adsorption is affected due to the presence of pores, edges, corners and cracks. In adsorption process, adsorbents are used usually in the form of spherical pellets, rods, moldings or monoliths with hydrodynamic diameters between 0.5 and 10 mm. They must have high abrasion resistance, high thermal stability and small pore diameters which results in higher exposed surfac

Traditional remedies are commonly utilised in underdeveloped nations, and their popularity is quickly spreading over the world. There is a lengthy history of traditional medical practises that have been passed down from one generation to the next. Traditional medicine's quantity and quality, safety and efficacy, has become a global issue, highlighting the need for harmonised international standards. Herbal treatments are a $83 billion industry worldwide and are expected to develop between 10 and

बालकों का खेल एक स्वाभाविक (Spontaneous) क्रिया है जो आत्म-प्रेरित (Self&motivated½ होती है और आनन्ददायक भी होती है। यह बालक के जीवन में प्रसन्नता, चंचलता, उत्साह, स्फूर्ति और स्वतंत्रता के भाव उत्पन्न करता है। बालकों के जीवन के दो क्षेत्र हैं. प्रथम खेल तथा दूसरा कार्य (Work) बाल्यावस्था तक बालकों का सम्बन्ध मुख्यतः खेल से रहता है। इसके बाद कार्य उनके लिए अधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण होता जाता है। आधुनिक युग में खेल के महत्व को शिक्षाशास्त्रियों एवं विद्यालयों ने भी स्वीकार किया है। इसी कारण विभिन्न कक्षा

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant impact on healthcare systems, economies, and societies worldwide. The disease has led to unprecedented increase in the demand for medical supplies, including personal protective equipment (PPE), ventilators, and medications. This caused shortages essential medical supplies in many regions. Repurposing of drugs, devices, and other medical supplies has emerged as a potential solution to the shortage of essential resources. Repurposing involves the identif

During the process of crystallisation by means of a solid-state reaction, zinc stannate normally undergoes a transformation from a metastable form (ZnSnO3) into the stable form (Zn2SnO4) at temperatures in the range of 300–500 degrees Celsius. This transformation takes place at temperatures higher than 600 degrees Celsius. With high-temperature synthesis techniques such as thermal evaporation, it is difficult to generate pure Zn2SnO4 phase. The final result is often a mixed phase consisting of Z

Canal water is a major source of water for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use in many parts of the world. However, canal water is often polluted with a variety of contaminants, including sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff. These pollutants can pose a serious health hazard to people who come into contact with the water, either directly or indirectly. One of the most serious health hazards associated with polluted canal water is the risk of waterborne diseases. Waterborne dise

The adsorption thermodynamics of carbofuran on fly ash at 25°C and 50°C have been studied via the relevant adsorption isotherms, Freundlich constants (K, and N ), distribution coefficient (Kd) and other thermodynamic parameters. The data were well fitted by the Freundlich equation and yielded S-shaped isotherms at both the temperatures studied. Thermodynamic parameters such as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant (Ko ), the standard free energy change (∆G°), the standard enthalpy change (∆ H°)

Thermal pollution is the release of heated water into the environment. This can happen from a variety of sources, including power plants, industrial facilities, and even some agricultural practices. When heated water is released into the environment, it can have a number of negative effects on crops. One of the most significant effects of thermal pollution on crops is decreased yields. When the temperature of the water increases, it can stress plants and make them more susceptible to disease. Th

The direct clinical benefit structure has basically been used since the previous time span. The ordinary occupants of Western Rajasthan truly depend upon the plants of the neighborhood to fix their various types of focal achievement fixes. Advancing survey research is a locus with 41 families in 79 plant species that are effectively used like the clinical benefit structure. Information was accumulated by the get-togethers, organized individuals and women”s overall population with the structure o

Seeds play an important role in the transmission of microorganisms through and through, affecting the crop either early or late in the growing season. The importance of seed-borne fungi is generally under-appreciated. Seeds of oilseed crops are indeed affected by seed Mycoflora both quantitatively and progressively. The latter fungus greatly affects the viability of seeds during senescence by destroying the safe food material secreted in the seed and reducing the life of the seedling by forming

ABSTRACT The Acanthaceae are a large and diverse family of flowering plants, with over 2,500 species found worldwide. Members of this family are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. Many members of the Acanthaceae are used medicinally, and some are also cultivated as ornamental plants. The phytochemicals of members of the Acanthaceae are diverse and complex. Some of the most common phytochemicals found in this family include alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosid

Polymeric nanocomposites, combining organic polymers and inorganic nanoparticles, are emerging as high-performance materials with vast applications across various fields including biomedical, environmental, and energy sectors. These hybrid materials offer superior mechanical, electroactive, and thermal properties due to the synergistic interaction between the polymer matrix and the nanoparticles. Despite their potential, challenges such as nanoparticle dispersion within the polymer matrix need t

In the Sultanpur Locale of Uttar Pradesh, India, Labeo rohita is a significant carp animal category. This study looks at the seasonal variations in its proximate composition. The analysis focuses on breaking out changes in the nutritional composition—such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, and moisture content—across different seasons. The review aims to elucidate the impact of seasonal changes and ecological variables on the overall profile of Labeo rohita through meticulous examination and analys

In this essay we are study on structural and magnetic characteristics of CO and FE. In the current work, the single layer Co90Fe10 and X/Co90Fe10 (X = Cu, Cr, Au, Ni80Fe20) double layer films were examined. Films were produced by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature on Si substrates. In order to improve the soft magnetic characteristics of Co Fe films, four alternative underlayers were explored. The coercivity values of the films were determined by employing a laboratory design magneto-op

Weeds are a major problem in agriculture, competing with crops for water, nutrients, and sunlight. They can also harbor pests and diseases, and reduce crop yields. Weed-resistant crops are a promising solution to this problem. There are a number of different ways to make crops resistant to weeds. One approach is to use genetic engineering to insert genes into the crop that make it resistant to herbicides. This is the most common method of weed resistance, and it has been used to develop a wide v

Polluted water of canals can cause a variety of allergic reactions, including skin rashes, respiratory problems, and gastrointestinal issues. The severity of the reaction will depend on the individual”s sensitivity to the pollutants in the water. Skin rashes are the most common allergic reaction to polluted water. The rash may be red, itchy, and bumpy, and it may appear on any part of the body that has come into contact with the water. In some cases, the rash may be accompanied by blisters or hi

Planet Earth finally appeared in the levels of a reasonably drawn stretch of time. Life on planet Earth was made around 3.5 quite a while ago. From there on out, and for a huge time frame outline frame, progress has been made in around 15 million specific sorts of unquestionable parts. In any case, there have been around 2,000,000 viewpoints as yet. Outrageous tornadoes hit the World”s warm surface and water bodies over an incredibly basic stretch likely truly entering the water. Methane and fou

The eminent Fibonacci (and Lucas) sequence is one of the sequences of positive entire numbers that have been focused on more than a seriously extended period of time. A couple of makers consider a couple of properties for the k-Fibonacci numbers got from simple grid variable based math and its characters including delivering capacity and distinctness properties. The sequence of Pell numbers is other sequence of numbers that is portrayed by the recursive sequence with the hidden conditions. This

Solar energy is an inexhaustible resource that can be used to create electricity, hot water and power vehicles. It is an ideal and reasonable source of energy which can help in reducing our dependence on oil auxiliaries. Solar energy is a fast growing industry. The cost of solar power has declined in recent times, and progress is becoming more efficient. Thus, solar power is turning into a more feasible solution for meeting our energy needs. There are many advantages of using solar energy. Solar

Groundwater recharge is the process by which water from the surface of the Earth, such as from rain or snow, infiltrates the soil and replenishes groundwater aquifers. Groundwater is an important source of drinking water, irrigation water, and industrial water for many parts of the world. Groundwater is a vital source of water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use. It is estimated that groundwater provides about 40% of the world”s drinking water and 20% of its irrigation water. In some co

The Kashmir Valley is a highly desirable site for phytochemical research focused at isolating and characterizing new chemicals from native herbs due to its rich botanical heritage and diverse flora. The present research endeavors are centered around the identification of bioactive components from herbs found in the Kashmir Valley by use of sophisticated procedures for extraction, isolation, and characterization. The abstract highlights the potential pharmacological properties of these chemicals,

This course provides a solid foundation in a dynamic field while simultaneously examining possible new areas of innovation. Through the use of interesting applications, the topics are presented in context. utilizes a pattern of two colors with a section of four colors in order to make crystal forms more accessible to the user. It has a lengthy bibliography as well as reading suggestions, which will assist you in finding further works that are relevant to it more quickly. Contains not just a list

The "Himalaya" “Hima-snow and Alaya-abode (Sanskrit word:) is the highest, youngest, and the most active and conspicuous mountain range on the earth that fashioned as a result of crash amid the Eurasian and Indian Plates in the Cenozoic Period (Gansser, 1974; Aitchison 2007; Lave and Avouac, 2000). The mountain is still unfinished and actively changing its topography with time and lead to the surfacing of Himalayan and Tibetan plateau to current latitude-longitude position as well as elevation t

The copper nanoparticles films has been prepared via the reduction of copper salts CuSO4•5H2O by UV-lamps. The irradiation time changed from 15 min. to one hour effects on the morphology of dispersed copper nanoparticles were studied. The structure properties of the films were determined by X-ray diffraction, the change on the surface morphology was observed using atomic force microscope (AFM). Finally, The optical transmission of thin films was measured by UV-VIS spectrometer, during the prepar

Industrial effluents contain various types of contaminants that pose serious threats to the environment and human health. Bioremediation is an environment friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective approach to degrade or transform these pollutants using microbial enzymes. Among them, laccase is a versatile and robust enzyme that can oxidize a wide range of substrates, such as dyes, phenolic compounds, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with the consumption of molecular oxyge

Lipase rhamnolipid (LR) is a biosurfactant produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is a mixture of two compounds: a lipase and a rhamnolipid. The lipase is responsible for breaking down lipids, while the rhamnolipid is responsible for forming micelles. Micelles are small, spherical aggregates of surfactant molecules that can solubilize hydrophobic substances in water. LR has a number of significant properties that make it a valuable biosurfactant. It is biodegradable, non-toxic, and

For the purpose of performing the study, cumin seeds were obtained from several sources. From tested cumin seeds, several fungus species were recovered. In seed-borne fungus, the results showed suppressive of Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus. The majority of storage fungi that attack stored seeds have caused a drop in the germination rate. When seed-borne mycoflora are present in cumin seeds, transformation occurs, output is reduced, there is a bad smell, and the seeds become hydrolytically rancid.

A solar flare is a sudden, intense release of energy from the sun”s surface. Flares are caused by the rapid rearrangement of magnetic field lines in the sun”s atmosphere. These magnetic field lines are constantly swirling and changing, and sometimes they become tangled and snap. When this happens, it releases a huge amount of energy in the form of light, heat, and radiation. Solar flares can range in size from small to large. Small flares are not usually harmful to Earth, but large flares can ha

Revolutionary developments in the fabrication of Nano sized particles have created enormous expectations in the last few years for the use of such materials in areas such as medical diagnostics and drug-delivery, and in high-tech devices. By its very nature, nanotechnology is of immense academic and industrial interest as it involves the creation and exploitation of materials with structural features in between those of atoms and bulk materials, with at least one dimension limited to between 1

Cancer chemopreventive agents are designed to reduce the incidence of tumorigenesis by intervening at one or more stages of carcinogenesis. Recently, resveratrol, a natural product found in the diet of humans, has been shown to function as a cancer chemopreventive agent. Resveratrol was first shown to act as an antioxidant and antimutagenic agent, thus acting as an anti-initiation agent. Resveratrol belongs to a class of polyphenolic compounds called stilbenes.(3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene)

Marburg Virus is a highly pathogenic virus that belongs to the Filoviridae family, which also includes Ebola virus. Marburg Virus (MARV) is responsible for causing severe outbreaks of Marburg Virus disease (MVD) in Africa, with a high case-fatality rate of up to 90%. MVD is characterized by a range of symptoms, including fever, hemorrhagic manifestations, and multi-organ dysfunction, and there are currently no approved treatments or vaccines for the disease. This review provides an overview of t

Double fertilization is a unique reproductive process that occurs in flowering plants (angiosperms). It involves the fusion of two male gametes with two female gametophytes, resulting in the formation of a zygote and a triploid endosperm. Double fertilization is essential for the production of seeds, which are the primary means of dispersal and propagation for flowering plants. The discovery of double fertilization is attributed to the German botanist Sergei Nawaschin in 1898. Nawaschin observed

Fixed point theorems are developed for single-valued and set-valued mappings of metrics paces, topological vector spaces, posets and lattices, Banach lattices etc., Among the themes of fixed point theory, the topic of approximation of fixed points of mappings is particularly important because it is useful for proving the existence of fixed points of mappings. It can be applied to prove the solvability of differential equations, optimization problems, variational inequalities, and equilibriu

Khindsi lake ganden, Ramtek is one popular tourist place where large no of flower plant (Rose) available present investigation a rose plat show infected leaf with patches which on staning with L.P.C.B. Anaylsis observed large no of Curvularia luneta Infection.

India's growing urbanization and industrialization have contributed to a significant increase in solid waste generation, posing environmental and public health concerns. Effective waste management is essential not only for mitigating ecological harm but also for unlocking economic opportunities. This research paper examines the obstacles and prospects of integrated waste disposal in India. By analyzing policy changes and exploring sustainable solutions, the paper provides a comprehensive overvie

Arsenic, a metalloid which's ubiquitous in nature and widely distributed in environment. It's level in the environment has become a global concern due to its toxicity and adverse effects on human health; even at low concentrations, it is highly toxic and classified as a carcinogen. Although it often exists in soils and plants from v natural sources such as igneous and sedimentary rocks, the largest anthropogenic source of arsenic is the use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood along w

Environmental pollution from petroleum hydrocarbons has increased with the rapid growth in population and modernization of civilization, necessitating urgent repair. Recovery, transportation, and refining of petroleum all pose major environmental pollution problems. Petroleum hydrocarbons pose a major threat to the environment since they are poisonous, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. One of the most promising treatments involving microorganisms has emerged as bioremediation. Another use of microorg

Food webs and food chains are two essential concepts in ecology. They describe how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems, and how different organisms are interconnected. Producers are the organisms at the base of the food chain. They are autotrophs, meaning that they can produce their own food. Producers use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce organic matter through photosynthesis. Plants are the primary producers in most ecosystems. Consumers are organisms that cannot produce

Cell biology is the study of the cell, the basic unit of life. Cells are incredibly complex and diverse, but they all share some fundamental characteristics. All cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA. The plasma membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that separates the cell from its environment. The cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid inside the cell that contains all of the cell”s organelles, including the nucleus. The nucleus is the cell”s control center, and it contains the cell”s DNA.

The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative condition that impairs motor and cognitive function. Recent studies demonstrate the crucial role that neuroinflammation plays in aggravating neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), which is mediated by activated microglia and astrocytes. Although microglia and astrocytes play a crucial role in preserving the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CN

The rapid growth a of human population, rapid industrialization, indiscriminate use of natural resources, our quest for material comforts and new life styles demanding a variety of products and amenities, have led to the environmental pollution, which has become Global phenomenon. But it is neither feasible nor desirable to slow down the pace of development. So,in such condition we should manage our development in such a way that it will not harm our environment. One way in this direction is re

The slope failure in the Himalayan terrain are common specifically along the roads where modified slopes are found to be more vulnerable. Those slope can be better studied using kinematic analysis to identify the problematic slopes. Seven slopes along NH-5 have been selected for the present study. Stability and mode of failure was determined using stereo-plots and factor of safety which resulted in planar, wedge and planar-wedge failure conditions.

Image compression is used to compress large files having two-dimensional signal into smaller files for efficiency of storage and transmission. Wavelet transform is used as an important tool for image compression. The compression of images is carried out by an encoder and outputs a compressed form of an image. Such a coder operates by transforming the data to remove redundancy, then quantizing the transform coefficients, and finally entropy coding the quantizer output. Thresholding is a technique

One or more servers, each responsible for delivering a certain service to waiting clients, make up a queueing system. Inevitably, almost everyone has had to wait in a long line for something at some point. One can rationally assume that whomever is first in line should be given priority. However, there are times when this generalization fails to hold true. It's not uncommon for the person at the back of the line or the client with the highest priority to be served before the person who has been

Water is one of the precious natural resources that exist on our planet Earth. Without water, survival is not possible. In rural areas, water is an integral part of human life specially in agricultural field. Potable safe water is totally essential for healthy living. Adequate supply of fresh and clean water may be a basic requirement for all person on the planet. Due to over exploitation and poor management, the matter of beverage pollution and water quality management has assumed an awfully a

MAIN INTEGRALS In this section, the following probability distribution of thirty-nine integrals involving hypergeometric functions have been obtained in the form of a single integral.

Salinity is known to influence several features of the metabolism in plants and to stimulate modifications in their anatomy as well as morphology. These modifications are often regarded as adaptations which enhances the probabilities of the plant to tolerate the stress caused by salinity; on the other hand, they might be regarded as indication of damage as well as disturbances in the normal balance of life processes. The anatomical as well as morphological characteristics distinctive of halophyt

Solid waste management (SWM) in India faces challenges including inefficient waste segregation, limited technology adoption, and insufficient government support. This paper highlights the urgent need for reforms to enhance SWM practices through education, awareness campaigns, and innovative technologies promoting recycling and composting. Investment in research for indigenous SWM technologies and policies supporting cleaner production methods are crucial. Collaboration between stakeholders is es

The reliability of a system can be defined as the probability that the structure will be working really up a predefined degree of time (i.e., mission time) under communicated conditions. As systems are ending up being more convoluted, the consequences of their sketchy approach to acting have become outrageous in regards to cost, effort, and so forth. The interests in getting to the system trustworthiness and the need to deal with the unflinching nature of things and structure have become progres

Dyes are widely used in various industries, including textile, leather, and paper, and their effluent discharge poses a significant environmental threat. Biosorption is a promising technology for dye removal, and green coconut shell biosorbent has been proven to be an effective and sustainable option. We attempt to provide a review of the preparation, characterization, and applications of green coconut shell biosorbent for dye removal.

The Fractional Reduced Differential Transform Method (FRDTM) is a powerful and efficient tool for solving fractional differential equations, which frequently arise in various fields such as biology, physics, and engineering. This paper explores the application of FRDTM to three distinct fractional mathematical models: the transmission of nerve impulses through the Fitzhugh-Naguma equation, the time fractional Rosenau-Hyman equation, and a bio-mathematical model for the evolution of smoking habit

In order to interpret the data obtained from experimental measurements and to provide assistance in the process of optimizing a solar cell, it is absolutely necessary to have an equivalent circuit description of an organic solar cell. In the following few sections, the limitations of conventional solar cell circuit models will be discussed, and then various improvements will be shown.

This chapter we finalize the probability distribution of seven integrals hypergeometric function and Ī-function. The results are obtained with the help of seven integrals involving hypergeometric function. Since Ī-function is one of the most generalized function of one variable studied so far, it not only contains Meijer’s G-Function, Fox’s H-function and Inayat Hussain’s H-function as special cases, but also inludes most of the commonly used functions. Therefore from our results, a large number

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites, emphasizing their applications in catalysis and antimicrobial activity. It explores the multidisciplinary nature of nanocomposites, focusing on tuning molecular interactions at the nanoscale to create functional materials. By classifying nanocomposites into metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and polymer matrix types, the research highlights their unique advantages and technological applications. Spe

The current study was carried out to analyze and evaluate the drink water samples collected from Moti Jheel areas of Gwalior city. This Paper deals with the Biological Parameters and water quality of selected study area particularly Monthly Changes Such as Water Temperature, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Free Carbon dioxide and Total Hardness, Chlorides, Alkalinity, Phosphate and Nitrates were analyzed for a decided study period. the level of TDS, alkalinity, Ca, Mg, Hardness, Electrical Conductivity, pH, and selected heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Cd & Zn) were determined. The results showed that all water samples have vary pH. All these water samples have very low concentration of Fe and Zn. The concentration of Cr and Cd was observed higher than the prescribed limit of WHO and ISI. In the light of this analysis we can conclude that all these water samples require some treatment before their use for drinking as well as domestic purposes.

Algebraic graph theory is the name given to the subfield of arithmetic that researches the association that exists among outlines and algebraic structuresGraph theory, which studies the geometry and properties of graphs, and conceptual variable-based math, which deals with algebraic structures like rings, fields, and gatherings, come together in this intersection. Analysis of graphs is the primary focus of the mathematical field known as graph theory. Here, a graph Gb is said to be a zero-diviso

This study investigated the influence of temperature and elevation on nitrogen (N) transformation rates in Himalayan Soils. Results showed increased gross N mineralization, NH4+consumption, and NH4+immobilization with rising temperature, while gross nitrification was unaffected. NH4+ immobilization was the primary NH4+ consumption mechanism at higher temperatures. Microbial activity was found to be mainly influenced by edaphic factors rather than elevation. Upper soils displayed higher N pool an

Cancer chemopreventive agents are designed to reduce the incidence of tumorigenesis by intervening at one or more stages of carcinogenesis. Recently, resveratrol, a natural product found in the diet of humans, has been shown to function as a cancer chemopreventive agent. Resveratrol was first shown to act as an antioxidant and antimutagenic agent, thus acting as an anti-initiation agent. Resveratrol belongs to a class of polyphenolic compounds called stilbenes.(3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene)

Light is a crucial environmental cue for plants, affecting their growth, development, and physiology. Light is perceived by specialized photoreceptor proteins, including phytochromes, which are involved in a wide range of light-mediated processes. Phytochromes are a family of photoreceptor proteins sensitive to red and far-red light. They are found in plants, algae, and some bacteria and play a key role in regulating plant growth and development, including seed germination, stem elongation, leaf

By discussing the fundamental ideas and principles that underlie these artificial materials, as well as their capacity to control light and make possible unusual optical phenomena, this paper provides an introduction to photonic crystals. The negative refraction of light, the anomalous electromagnetic dispersion known as the superprism effect, and the possibility of superlensing also known as subwavelength focusing-are just a few examples that we will concentrate on. Because they are based on direct solutions to Maxwell's equations, these very general results may be applicable to numerous fields of science and technology.

Recently the physics of electrons and holes under confined system has acquired enormous importance. The origin of the name 'Confined System' lies in the fact that in the substance, electron and hole motions are restricted in one, two or three dimensions unlike bulk structures. Nano Science is the study of the fundamental principles of molecules and structures with at least one dimension roughly between 1 and 100 nanometers and Nano technology encompasses how we harness the knowledge of nano scie

Light regulates many aspects of plant growth and development, among which the conversion of etiolated leaves to photosynthetic competent green leaves (greening) is the most critical well-documented developmental process requiring light signals. Blue light responses are evolutionary among the most ancient and diverse light regulatory phenomena. Many such reactions in algal, bacterial, or fungal systems show action spectra consistent with a flavin chromophore, with activity peaks in the near UV

It is well knowledge that generating functions are crucial to understanding the theory of traditional orthogonal polynomials. In this paper, we discuss the following problems for systems of polynomials described by generating functions. A differential equation that each polynomial satisfies can be derived in step (A). (B) Discover the general answer to the differential equation that was discovered in (A). (C) Is the general solution found in (B) expressed as a linear combination of functions usi

The General Election of 2019 in India was marked by significant public discourse, both online and offline, driven by the country's diverse and politically aware population. Social media platforms, particularly Twitter, emerged as a critical arena for political campaigning and public engagement. This paper explores sentiment classification through data analysis of social media data, focusing on identifying voter sentiments during the elections. Using machine learning techniques and natural language processing (NLP) frameworks, we analyze the polarity and intensity of sentiments, uncover trends in voter preferences, and evaluate the role of sentiment in electoral outcomes. The General Election 2019 in India witnessed unprecedented engagement on social media platforms, making it a fertile ground for sentiment analysis and public opinion mining. Sentiment classification, a subset of natural language processing, provides insights into public sentiment trends by analyzing textual data. This

The aim of this study was to formulate a mucoadhesive vaginal tablet of Miconazole Nitrate using a combination of mucoadhesive polymers such as Carbopol 934P, HPMC K15M, Xanthan gum, Gaur gum, and microcrystalline cellulose to achieve an excellent therapeutic effect and patient compliance in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Because of the presence of both natural and synthetic, mucoadhesive and rate retarding polymers, the formulation has a sustained-release effect with good mucoadhesion, w

Medical waste is a growing global concern because of its potential implications on the environment and human health. The amount of waste generated by the medical business is rising along with the demand for medical services. Inappropriate handling and disposal of medical waste can have a substantial negative impact on the environment by contaminating the soil and water, emitting greenhouse gases, and spreading infectious diseases. An emerging discipline called environmental biotechnology employs

Zero, often denoted as 0, is a fundamental concept in mathematics with a rich history and significant implications for numerical calculations and mathematical reasoning. This research paper aims to explore the evolution of zero from its earliest origins to its current use in modern mathematics. We delve into the historical development of zero across different civilizations and investigate the mathematical calculations involving zero. By examining the cultural, philosophical, and mathematical con

The aim of this work is to synthesize, characterize, spectral analysis and pharmacological evaluation of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and their metal chelates. Continuing our work with another derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone ligands, this work had been constructed for synthesis of new ligands derived from 1,4-naphthoquinone. which characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, electronic, IR, H- NMR spectral data. The synthesized ligands have been carried out to achieve the coordination b

Periodic descriptors are computational representations of periodic structures, which have applications in a variety of fields, including materials science, image processing, drug discovery, and predictive modeling. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical computation of periodic descriptors, including the various techniques for quantifying periodicity and the applications of periodic descriptors in different domains. We also discuss the challenges associated with the computa

The need to supply mineral nutrients and other growth requirements to algae in culture has thus been known for a long time. Microalgae are autotrophic microorganisms, which utilize light energy and inorganic nutrients and synthesize valuable biomass compounds, such as pigments, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates etc. For autotrophic growth the supply of approximate 30 elements is important and the review by Kaplan et al. (1986) gives a comprehensive overview of this subject. Macronutrients are supp

Metagenomic approaches have revolutionized our understanding of microbial communities in various ecosystems. These techniques involve the sequencing and analysis of DNA directly extracted from environmental samples, allowing for the study of microbial diversity and function without the need for cultivation. Systems microbiology is an interdisciplinary field that aims to understand the behavior and interactions of microorganisms at the systems level. Metagenomic approaches have been used to explo

We know that when the solar cell is operated at open circuit, I = 0 and the voltage across the output terminals is defined as the open-circuit voltage VOC and conversion efficiency is – This formula shows that conversion efficiency is directly related to open circuit voltage, a large value of open circuit voltage is necessary for improving the power conversion efficiency of the solar cells. In order to become viable alternative to inorganic solar cells, the power conversion efficiency of organ

Organic blockers have their place, however UV blockers like TiO2 and ZnO have a number of advantages over organic blockers, including nontoxicity and chemical stability. 16 Infusing textile substrates with other nanoparticles, such as nanosilver, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and others, has also been shown to have antimicrobial capabilities. The ultraviolet spectrum between 300 and 400 nanometers, which is mostly comprised of the UV A area and the UV B region, is where nanoparticles of ZnO and

In the course of this research, the derivatization and characterization of bioactive chemicals that were extracted from herbs that are indigenous to the Kashmir Valley, a location that is well-known for its abundant and varied plant life, was investigated. We were able to identify and convert a number of unique compounds by doing extensive phytochemical investigation. This allowed us to improve the bioactivity and therapeutic potential of these compounds. The structural features of these compoun

Although it is extremely difficult to pinpoint the precise beginning of human awareness of the presence and role of microorganisms in foods. The era prior to the es¬tablishment of microbiology as a science may be designated the prescientific era. This era may be further divided into what has been called the food-gathering period and the food-producing period. The period covers the time from human origin over 1 million years up to 8,000 years ago. During this period, humans were presumably carniv

The socioeconomic dynamics of Ayurvedic plant treatments in the Shivalik Hills, Western Himalayas, India, are examined in this research. It examines the customs and knowledge that the local populations have long held about therapeutic plants and evaluates their financial worth. The study places the significance of Ayurvedic herbal medicine within the larger discourse of climate change, biodiversity protection, and sustainable development in the Himalayan area by a thorough assessment of the lite

Nano ferrites find wide range of applications in magnetic memories, noise filters, isolators, ferro fluids, transformer cores, gas sensors, smart sensors etc. Nano zinc ferrite is an important member of the nano ferrite family due to its important properties like chemical stability, high electromagnetic performance, mechanical hardness, low coercivity& moderate saturation. Due to these unique properties, zinc ferrite finds a wide range of applications in gas sensors, photo catalyst, MRI contrast

The primary goal of developing stable mucoadhesive formulations of miconazole nitrate using natural and synthetic mucoadhesive and rate retarding polymers is to treat fungal infections, particularly oral candidiasis and to study the effect of different polymers on drug release profiles for prolonged release. The powder bed's rheological properties such as bulk density, compressibility index and angle of repose were evaluated. Mucoadhesive buccal tablets were compressed on a Chamunda, Pilot Press

This section is devoted to regular and multi-valent mapping by using differential in the . We study various exciting things for this novel class prior to multivalent mappings. Allow S exist the class of the mappings , a^n≥0 (p∈N) (1.1) whichever regular & p- valent within effective , U = {z:|z|<1} Furthermore S^* be effective sub prior to S containing to mappings ,a^n≥0 (p∈N)

The cost of recovering heavy crude oil and cleaning up areas that have been contaminated by hydrocarbons is substantial. It is possible to restore the environment at a reasonable cost by using microorganisms for enhanced oil recovery and cleanup of contaminated areas. Biosurfactants make hydrocarbons more bioavailable, hastening the biodegradation and absorption processes. Seventeen strains isolated from oil contaminated soil/ oil cakes were used in this study. In a comparative study with hydroc

A well known space charge analysis is employed for the analysis of defect density at various light illumination time and quantitatively found light induced defects in a-Se90Sb6Ag4 thin films. The outcomes show that density of defect states (DOS) raises with illumination time. A suitable explanation is given for light induced defects creation in this sample.

Light is a crucial environmental cue for plants, affecting their growth, development, and physiology. Light is perceived by specialized photoreceptor proteins, including phytochromes, which are involved in a wide range of light-mediated processes. Phytochromes are a family of photoreceptor proteins sensitive to red and far-red light. They are found in plants, algae, and some bacteria and play a key role in regulating plant growth and development, including seed germination, stem elongation, leaf

With their varied ecosystems, the Kashmir Himalayas are home to a wide variety of medicinal plants that have long been utilized by the local populace. Aconitum heterophyllum, Arnebiabenthamii, Taraxacum officinale, Saussureacostus, and Juglans regia are the five important medicinal plants in the area. The study's main objectives are the isolation and structural investigation of these novel phytochemicals. Crude extracts of these plants were put through a series of bioassays using a bioactivity-g

The large variety of chemicals and reagents used in the textile industry’s many processes makes textile effluents a major contributor to global pollution concerns. It is not ideal to discharge effluents containing dyes into fresh water bodies due to the hue. This study used nine distinct carbonization procedures to produce activated carbon from Azdirachta indica leaves. Researchused activated carbon derived from Neem leaves impregnated with H3PO4 to examine the impact of pH on the adsorption o

Salt stress is one of the most critical abiotic stresses affecting crop productivity worldwide, including sugarcane, which is essential for biofuel, sugar, and ethanol production. This study investigates the effect of salt stress on callus induction and regeneration in different sugarcane cultivars. Through in vitro experiments, we assessed the growth responses of sugarcane callus under varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl). The primary aim of this research was to explore the correlation between salt tolerance and callus induction efficiency and regeneration potential. The findings indicate cultivar-specific responses to salt stress, with significant differences in callus growth and regeneration frequencies. The study offers insights into the role of tissue culture techniques in improving salt tolerance in sugarcane and paves the way for developing more resilient cultivars through biotechnological methods.

Plant taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming plants. It is a branch of systematics, which is the study of the diversity of life and the relationships between organisms. Taxonomists use a variety of data to classify plants, including morphology (structure), anatomy (internal structure), physiology (function), chemistry, and genetics. The goal of plant taxonomy is to develop a classification system that reflects the evolutionary relationships between plants. This system is used to ident

Dry fruits are a delicious and nutritious snack that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. They are made by removing most of the water content from fresh fruits, which concentrates the nutrients and flavor. Dry fruits are a good source of fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They can be eaten on their own, added to yogurt, cereal, or oatmeal, or used in baking and cooking. The history of dry fruits dates back centuries. The earliest evidence of dry fruits being consumed was found in Meso

Ayurveda is a holistic system of medicine that is indigenous to and widely practiced in India. The word Ayurveda is a Sanskrit term meaning “science of life”. AYU means “life” or “daily living”. And VEDA is “knowing”. Ayurveda was first recorded in the VEDAS, the world’s oldest extant Rerature. This healing system has been practiced in daily life in India for more than 5,000 years. Ayurveda is the science of life which balance us in being healthy. Medicinal plants have always been considered a healthy source of life for all people. Ayurveda already has a list of plants whose efficiency in the treatment and control of common illnesses has been proven beyond doubt over several centuries. India has come up with a tested package of plants and medical herbs that are useful in the treatment of common illnesses like fevers. Headaches, dysentery, jaundice and stomach problems and which can be easily grown in household gardens and directly consumed by people who may require them. The package of

The undisturbed solution that is located in front of the wave front can be considered to be the solution that is on the side of the wave front that results in propagation. On the other hand, the solution that is located on the opposite side of the wave front can be considered to be a disturbance wave that is propagating and entering a region that is occupied by the undisturbed solution. If you look at the shock front from the front, you will always see that it is moving at supersonic speed; but,

The problem of heavy metal contamination of aquatic resources has been extensively studied over the last 20 years in many parts of the world (Guhathakurta and Kaviraj, 2000; Kumar et al., 2012; Ma et al., 2013; Tang et al., 2014, Alinnor et al., 2016). Heavy metals are thought to be more hazardous than other toxic compounds that infiltrate aquatic environments because they are non-degradable, quickly enter the bodies of aquatic organisms, and many of them are very poisonous. The progressive incr

Fractional calculus, the study of integrals and derivatives of arbitrary orders, has evolved from a mathematical curiosity to a robust framework with diverse applications in various scientific and engineering fields. This paper delves into the historical milestones, key contributors, fundamental theories, and modern applications of fractional calculus, providing a detailed account of its development and significance.

Oxidation is a common problem in the use of bioactive biodegradable polymers in various applications. The oxidation of these polymers can lead to changes in their mechanical properties, degradation rate, and bioactivity, which can compromise their performance and efficacy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the oxidation mechanisms of bioactive biodegradable polymers in solutions, including the types of reactive oxygen species involved and the factors that influence their pro

One of the key components of learning mathematics is developing a growth attitude. With regard to these psychological elements, students believe that they can enhance their mathematical intelligence by actively and diligently learning mathematics, by not being afraid to face challenges, by not accepting praise, and by providing en7couragement for their friends' academic success. In order to capture the complex working mechanisms of growth mindset, this study will take a gander at students' growt

Solar energy is a promising Renewable Energy source, but its widespread use is limited by the efficiency of converting solar light into electricity. The efficiency of current solar cells is relatively low, and improving this efficiency is a key goal of current research. In this review, we examine recent literature on high solar light to electron conversion efficiency, with a focus on new materials and technologies that show promise in improving solar cell performance. We discuss advances in pero

The Himalayan region, characterized by its diverse agro-climatic zones, presents both challenges and opportunities for horticultural activities. This paper explores the sustainable practices in horticulture that can be adopted in the region, identifies the barriers faced by the sector, and highlights the potential for unlocking its benefits in terms of economic development, food security, and environmental sustainability. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable horticulture in improving livelihoods, conserving resources, and ensuring long-term agricultural viability in the face of climate change and environmental degradation.

Waste is anything useless or unwanted, that has no sufficient value or of negligible uses (Harold, 2002). It may include any solid, liquid, or gaseous material. The major waste from households is ‘solid waste’. Solid waste may include any solid or semi-solid material that is being discarded from our houses daily. Every day, a huge quantity of waste is generated in all the developed and developing countries (Moqsud, 2003). In rapidly growing cities of the developing world, urban solid waste mana

Worked on a solution to the inverse Galois issue in the context of a specific location all of ℚ disintegration groups are cyclic if every finite group is a Galois extension of ℚ, and this is what we're looking for (resp., abelian). All solvable groups have this property, thanks to Shafarevich's solution to the inverse Galois problem for particular sets. Though, nonsolvable groupings are unrestrained. As a result, we provide the first endlessdescendants of Galois realisations utilising solely rec

In conceptual variable-based mathematics, the presence of a principal thought that is referred to as logarithmic expansions of rings is what describes the mathematical approach. These extensions are the means by which the principles of ring theory and more complex subjects are connected to one another. The purpose of this abstract is to study the incorporation of integral components as mathematical structures within the context of algebraic extensions of rings. When it comes to understanding the

One is able to maximise the use of the bandwidth that is made available by the optical fibre since it is feasible to multiplex onto a single optical fibre a number of channels that operate at different wavelengths. This allows for maximum utilisation of the capacity. This kind of transmission is referred to as wavelength-division multiplexing, or WDM for short. The acronym stands for "wavelength-division multiplexing." On the other hand, long-haul WDM systems have issues due to the fact that the

This study explores the influence of neodymium (Nd3+) doping on the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2-xNdxO4) nanoparticles synthesized via the sol-gel method. XRD and TEM analyses confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure with a concentration-dependent growth in crystallite size. Neodymium doping resulted in a decrease in saturation magnetization, attributed to the substitution of Fe3+ ions with Nd3+ ions at the octahedral sites. Coercivit

Strontium-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Sr-ZnFe2O4) were synthesized using a sol-gel self-ignition method and characterized by PXRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, VSM, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The particles exhibited a cubic spinel ferrite phase, with changes in crystallite size and lattice constant upon strontium doping. FTIR confirmed water and hydroxyl groups. Sr0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 nanoparticles demonstrated promising performance as thin-film humidity sensors, with high sensitivity,

Future sun based cell applications require ferroelectric materials with low bandgap energies, high polarization, low misfortune, and warm dependability. Analysts have attempted numerous strategies to get such materials. This work presents a special gamma beam irradiation technique. The underlying, optical, and ferroelectric properties of lanthanum zirconate (lzo) were analyzed after gamma radiation. X-beam diffraction, underlying refinement, and Raman examination showed tetragonal perovskite st

Generating functions plays an essential role in the investigation of several useful properties of the sequences which they generate. In this paper, we establish certain generating relations, involving some quadruple hyper geometric functions introduced by Bin-Saad and Younis. Some interesting special cases of our main results are also considered

The Cloud is quickly gaining ground in a number of industries, with e-Governance being the most recent. Cloud computing for e-Government allows for automatic problem-solving and integration management, complete security control, and budgeting based on real data consumption. Globally speaking, cloud architectures may aid the government by minimizing duplication of effort and improving resource utilization. This will enable the government to become more environmentally friendly by lowering polluti

In the present study, bread samples were stored at room temperature (34°C to 36°C) for 5 days and refrigerator temperature (4°C to 8°C) for 28 days for determination of microbiological characteristics. Total fungal, bacterial counts, pH and moisture content of bread samples were determined before and after storage. The microorganisms were isolated by using serial dilution agar plate method. The molds (Aspergillus luchuensis, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. niger, Drechslera hawaiiensis, Penicillium ox

Plants synthesize an immense and varied variety of organic compounds, most of which are not specifically involved in development and growth. These com pounds are of two types popularly referred to as primary and secondary metabolites. The primary metabolites are directly involved in energy transducing pathways and must for normal growth, development, and reproduction. The metabolites such as carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids (Fig. 1), vitamins and proline (Fig. 2) are the common examples of pri

In the present work thermal analysis has been used to determine the phase transition characteristics of well known ferroelectric material Barium Titanate. Differential Scanning calorimeter assisted to determine the temperature range from disordered to ordered transition. Thermal analysis is found to have significant key role in phase formation of the material. Crystallization temperature can be easily determined. The difference in ionic radii of Ba+2and Sr+2ionic was responsible for reduced c/a

The study explores the impact of distillery spent wash and organic amendments on soil properties, crop yield, and ion leaching dynamics in agricultural contexts. Field trials were conducted on sodic and calcareous soils, with treatments including varying levels of spent wash, farmyard manure, gypsum lime mixture, and biochar. Data collection involved soil sampling, crop monitoring, and water analysis for ion concentrations. Statistical analyses showed significant effects of spent wash and organi

This article starts off by giving a brief induction to the fundamentals of ferromagnetism, which includes a discussion of issues such as the beginnings of magnetism and anisotropy, domains and domain barriers, as well as the mechanisms that allow magnetization to reverse in magnetic materials. In addition to this, it is discussed how the microstructural qualities of hard magnets correspond with their magnetic properties, which is a correlation that is well known and well accepted. Ferromagnetism

Medicinal plants are rich source of antimicrobial agents plants are used medicinally in different countries and are the sources of potential and powerful drugs.The substances that can either inhabits the growth of pathogens or kill them and have no or least toxicity to host cells are considered candidates for developed new antibacterial drugs. In recent years antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants are being increasingly reports from different parts of world .Many efforts have been made to

Mobile payment is the killer application in mobile commerce. We classify the payment methods according to several standards, analyze and point out the merits and drawbacks of each method. As a kind of mobile data service, mobile payment service has approached people’s lives. It main focus on field of telecom service provider. Before the mobile payment system Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is transaction solution [4]. Cash payment is still king in several markets, accounting for more than

Alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH (EC.1.1.1.1) is a zinc based metalloenzyme which catalyses the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to primary and secondary alcohols. These enzymes utilizes β-1,4-nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide (NAD+) or β-1,4-nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) as an electron acceptors. Alcohol dehydrogenases are exquisitely stereospecific; and by binding their substrate via a three-point attachment site. Details of structural and functional features of ADH have been d

Another challenge of research in traditional medicinal practice is the lack of consistency and clarity in the terminology used by the authors to describe various beliefs and practices. Often the term traditional medicine is loosely applied to a variety of diverse activities that are not uniformly acknowledged among indigenous practitioners and their clients. It is useful exercise to discuss the variety of definitions that traditional medicine is, or is not accorded the latter being the case in m

Engineering is the most significant field where mathematics is heavily relied upon. Engineering is said to have mathematics as its base. Surveying, leveling, planning, estimating, building, and other related tasks are all part of engineering. Applications of mathematics are essential in all of these fields. A subfield of mathematics called statistics is concerned with data gathering, analysis, and interpretation. While statistics gathers the data, mathematics is the means by which the data is ga

This research paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of the mathematical constant Pi (π). Pi, denoted by the Greek letter π, is an irrational number representing the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Its significance extends beyond the realm of geometry and mathematics, finding numerous applications in diverse fields of science, engineering, and technology. This paper explores the historical development of Pi, its mathematical properties, and its practical appl

In this work, P.C. Mahalanobis's impact on Indian statistics is analysed. Famous physicist and statistician Mahalanobis is often credited with founding and shaping the Indian Statistical Institute. He has made significant contributions to the fields of statistical theory and methodology (ISI).The first section of the paper is a brief biography of Mahalanobis that covers the basics of his background, education, and career highlights. Statistical theory, technique, and applications are all highlig

Photonic crystals are periodic patterns of dielectric constants with thicknesses ranging from a nanometer to a micrometer. Light or Electromagnetic Wave (EMW) cannot pass through the Photonic Band Gap (PBG) for some range of wavelengths if the periodic arrangement of the PCs is of the order of the wavelength. Photonics technology plays a vital role in various fields, such as manufacturing, biomedical, alternate energy sector, aerospace, telecommunications, etc. It generates and controls light in the form of radiant energy as photon. The light can be manipulated or molded using band gaps in photonic crystals. There are many materials that can be integrated to further the application of photonics. The common material is Graphene, which is a single atom carbon. Application areas of the technology include LEDs, photo detectors, photovoltaic devices, etc. This article presents the review of state of the art of photonics and its application.

The family Orchidaceae holds quite good place in floriculture industry. Several important medicinal compounds with diverse biological activity including, antimicrobial, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity activities and phytotoxicity have been demonstrated from different species of orchids. Stilbene, denbinobin, moscatilin, dendrobin are some common phytochemicals isolated from orchids. Such phytochemicals may serve to be best sources for phytomedicine. The wild population of orchids a

Many Trichoderma species are used as biological fungicides and biofertilizers to enhance crop growth. The biocontrol activity may result from space competition, mycoparasitism, or an antibiosis involving a chemical diffusate. This study demonstrated that in addition to mycoparasitism, VOCs play a significant role in Trichoderma cerinum and T. harzianum ability to combat pathogenic fungi. Our findings showed that T. cerinum Gur1 non-volatile and volatile compounds performed better than T. harzia

Solar cells are an essential component in the process of transitioning the energy systems of the globe away from the use of fossil fuels and toward the use of renewable technologies. This movement is being driven by the goal of reducing the world”s reliance on nonrenewable sources of energy. This shift is currently under way and will be completed over the course of the following several decades. The overall amount of energy that comes from the sun is many thousands of times greater than the amou

The difficulties students experience in drawing conclusions from logical implications and factual verification are explored here. Insights from auditing the fields of education and psychology into student reasoning with logical implications and empirical data suggest that a lack of familiarity with counterexamples may be a major contributor. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of argument and counterexample preparation in improving students' logical thinking and several aspects of

The Shivalik Hills in the Western Himalayas are a natural sanctuary with a rich biodiversity and cultural legacy, including medicinal plants crucial to local healthcare systems. However, urbanization, deforestation, and climate change threaten these plants. A comprehensive assessment of the flora is being conducted to preserve its herbal resources. The study uses fieldwork and statistical research to create a database of plant traits, historic use, and distribution patterns. The study also highl

Compounds that are currently grouped together under the heading of mesoionic have been recognized for longer than a century. Since that time, numerous developments and modifications have been made, not only to the concept of mesoionic compounds, but also to the procedures that are utilized to manufacture them. Definitions of mesoionic compounds that are broadly analogous were proposed by OUis, Ramsden, and Potts in response to an important essay written by Schonberg, Baker, and Ollis. They eithe

This work explores methods for improving the durability of polysiloxane nanocomposites with the goal of bridging the gap between lab research and practical applications. The mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability of polysiloxane matrices are improved by using sophisticated nanofillers, refining cross-linking techniques, and utilizing surface modification tactics. The efficiency of various techniques in enhancing durability is investigated, including atomic layer deposition, hybridization wi

The identification of bacteria in infectious disorders is done using a range of diagnostic techniques. Irrespective of the infection type, prompt and highly precise identification of the causal organism is necessary to start the right therapy. The current techniques, while speedy, are insensitive and unable to distinguish between living and dead, and those that are, like culture, are essentially sluggish. We created a diagnostic tool based on Raman micro-spectroscopy to get over these restrictio

The purpose of this study is to examine the development of the number system and its Educational implication & significance in depth. Beginning with the creation of zero and the birth of the decimal system, the research examines the evolution of counting systems throughout time. We also examine how many cultures and civilisations have played a part in developing our understanding of numbers. Next, the study moves on to examine the present-day school curriculum and its emphasis on the presentatio

In this paper we study one more extension of the concept of statistical convergence namely almost λ-statistical convergence. In section 1.2 we discuss some inclusion relations between almost λ-statistical convergence, strong almost (V,λ)-summability and strong almost convergence. Further in section 1.3 we study the necessary and sufficient condition for an almost statistically convergent sequence to be almost λ-statistically convergent.

Humans have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the disease's causal agent, for thousands of years. Its capacity to infect, survive, and spread to healthy people is reliant on its ability to elude and exploit host immune responses. The infection cycle frequently leads to an equilibrium state marked by bacterial persistence and immune regulation. According to recent research, different cell types react differently to M. tuberculosis infection, and cellular and intracellular habitats dy

Exclusive breastfeeding is a cornerstone of child survival and child’s heath because it provides essential, irreplaceable nutrition for a child’s growth and development. According to the worldwide Breastfeeding Scorecard 2018, just 41% of Infants younger than 6 months are exclusively Breastfed. With the increase in sedentary lifestyle, consumption of fast food, lack of exercise, there has been increase in the fertility issues. Infertility negatively affects couples emotionally, socially, and fin

A serviceable technique for taking care of distillery squander is phytoremediation, which utilizes plant species' intrinsic capacities to cleanse debased region of the environment. The distillery discharge represents a danger to the environment on the grounds that to its combination of heavy metals like Pb, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Ni, as well as marvellous natural poisons. Nine metal concentrations in soils and natural herbs (Cannabis sativa and Argemone maxicana) gathered from distillery squander w

One of the most cutting-edge approaches to quantum cryptography is known as Measurement Device-Independent Quantum Cryptography (MDI-QKD), and its primary objective is to enhance the safety of communication via the use of asymmetric channels. Conventional methods for the distribution of quantum keys (QKD) are dependent on the secure transfer of quantum states between two entities, who are often referred to as Alice and Bob. These protocols, on the other hand, often depend on the precision of the

The main objective of the present work is to develop a simple, precise, specific and stability method indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the estimation of Metformin hydrochloride and Glimepiride in tablet dosage form. The analysis was carried out by using a mobile phase consisting of 0.02M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile in theratio 55:45.the detection was carried out by using UV – Visible SPD 20 A at 240 nm.The column was phenominex Gemini

Mushrooms are a large and diversified group of macrofungi belonging to basidiomycetes and ascomycetes, having two phases of growth: the reproductive phase (fruit bodies) and the vegetative phase (mycelia). These organisms are epigeous (grow above the earth) in habit with the umbrella-shaped fruiting body, which produce spores (in lamellae, structures on the underside of the pileus). The fungal spores for these two groups are located in a special structure called basidium (for basidiomycetes) or

The new improvement in vascular connections is fundamental because duplication, as well as metastatic dissemination, depends on a good store of oxygen and overhaul of shallow cells and on being freed from discretionary effects. The formation of new blood and lymph vessels occurs independently through processes called angiogenesis and lymph angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is controlled by both activator and inhibitor particles. More than twelve distinct proteins have been characterized as antigenic ac

The quest for sustainable energy solutions has led to a growing interest in natural dyes as environmentally friendly and cost-effective sensitizers in solar cell technology. This paper investigates the role of natural dyes in enhancing the efficiency and affordability of solar cells, particularly dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). It further explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can optimize the synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of natural dyes in solar cells. AI tools such as machine learning models and predictive analytics are employed to analyze molecular structures, predict dye-sensitizing efficiency, and simulate solar cell performance under various conditions. Case studies and experimental data highlight the potential of AI-enhanced approaches to accelerate the development of high-performance, sustainable solar energy solutions.

The most precious natural resource on Earth is water. Water makes up 71% of the earth's surface, and life as we know it would not exist otherwise. Pollution of the valuable water resources, however, is a prevalent and complex issue that the modern society is now dealing with. Man-made (synthetic) organic compound pollution of the environment has grown to be a serious issue and is becoming worse every day as a result of growing urbanisation and industry (Ghisalba, 1983). As a result, several haza

Using the ideas of sustainable chemistry, this work focuses on the synthesis and characterisation of environmentally friendly catalysts for a range of chemical processes. High purity chemicals and solvents were obtained and used to construct copper-atom-pair catalysts supported by porous organic polymers and Cu-Pd bimetallic catalysts developed from MOF. Wet impregnation and polymerization methods were used in the experimental processes, which led to the effective synthesis of catalysts such HKU

This study uses peanut skin polyphenols to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an environmentally friendly way. Synthesis contains no hazardous ingredients. The work examines the physico-chemical properties of AgNPs, demonstrating an exponential decline in magnetic properties during γ-irradiation. This variation of magnetism affects noble metal magnetic nanoparticle biological applicability. The study examines peanut skin polyphenols' distinctive spectral properties, which show light abso

The main objective of the present work was to develop a simple, precise, specific & stability indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Metformin and Sitagliptin in bulk tablet dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Metformin and Sitagliptin was achieved on Inertsil C8, 150mm x 4.6mm, 5µm and the mobile phase containing PH 2.5 buffer, acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of 65:25:10 v/v as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, detection was carried out by absorption at

It has been recently proved that the redundancy r of any discrete memory less source satisfies , Where PN is the least likely source letter probability. This bound is achieved only by sources consisting of two letters. We prove a sharper boun if the number of source letters is greater than two. Also provided is a new upper bound on r, in terms of the two least likely source letter probabilities, which improves on a previous results.

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of horticulture in the Himalayan region, highlighting the unique challenges and significant opportunities. The Himalayan range, with its diverse climates and ecosystems, offers a rich potential for horticultural production. However, it also faces several challenges such as climatic extremities, geographical barriers, and socio-economic factors. This study examines the potential for growth in the sector and offers recommendations for sustainable development. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of horticulture in the Himalayan region, highlighting the unique challenges and significant opportunities it presents. The diverse climates and ecosystems of the Himalayan range offer rich potential for horticultural production. However, the sector faces numerous challenges such as climatic extremities, geographical barriers, and socio-economic factors. Climatic extremities, including harsh winters and unpredictable monsoons, demand resilient horticultural practices. The rugged topography and remote locations hinder transportation, communication, and access to markets, agricultural inputs, and technological advancements. Socio-economic constraints, such as limited financial resources, lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and migration of younger populations to urban areas, further compound the difficulties. Despite these challenges, the Himalayan region holds remarkable potential for horticultural growth due to its diverse climates supporting a wide range of horticultural crops, the relatively low use of chemical inputs paving the way for organic farming, and the opportunity for agri-tourism.

Concentration of fluoride should be within permissible limit as prescribed by organizations like ICMR, WHO, BIS. High concentration of fluoride in drinking water causes fluorosis and mottling of teeth. Fluoride ions enters in ground water from geological formation. The absence or very low concentration of fluoride ions causes dental carries in children’s teeth. So it is necessary to find out the concentration of fluoride ion in water used for drinking purpose. In present study fluoride ion conce

Water is indispensable and one of the precious natural resources of this planet .Natural aquatic systems like Lakes, Rivers, Lagoons and Oceans form well balanced ecosystem with ambient Physico-chemical conditions forming an environment on which biotic system develops. Analysis of water quality in natural water bodies is necessary in order to determine its suitability for various aquatic creatures including Fish population. The quality of water may be described according to its Physico-chemical

Environmental change is a significant threat to freshwater biological systems, which are crucial for global biodiversity and environmental management. However, these systems are vulnerable to the effects of ecological change, which could cause irreversible harm. Over the next few years, environmental change will naturally affect most freshwater biological systems based on climatic expectations. The most significant impact will be on new water stream systems. The paper suggests that variation sys

A bibliometric analysis of Journal of Indian Chemical Society has been taken for the period of two years (2005 to 2006). In the present study an attempt has been made to critically analyse the year wise distribution of articles, authorship pattern of articles, length of articles, subject wise distribution of articles, the geographical distribution of articles, citation analysis etc. The result has shown that out of 304 articles single author contributed 26 (8.55%) articles while the rest 278 (91.45%) articles were contributed by joint authors. The Study has revealed that 89.47% contributors are Indian researchers and rest 10.53% only from foreign sources. Maximum number of articles has been contributed by joint authorship. The degree of collaboration among Chemical Science researchers during the 2005-2006 was found 0.9144. The study has also shown that the research papers from Physical Chemistry branch contributed more followed by Inorganic Chemistry branch to journal. The study has shown that the journal is not only popular among India but also popular among various countries of the world. Journal contains pure primary research articles.

In order to demonstrate a connection between the Physico-compound properties of particles, molecules, and condensed phases of substance, hardness is an important periodic descriptor employed by scientists. Chemical hardness is innately resistant to deformation under perturbation. The electrostatic attraction of the nucleus to the outermost electron of the atom is the conceptual basis for the electronegativity and hardness of a substance. Electronegativity, which has previously been described usi

The abstract provides a brief summary of the paper, outlining the study's objectives, methodology, findings, and significance. It should offer a concise overview of how salt stress influences sugarcane growth, the role of callus induction and regeneration in plant improvement, and the results achieved. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important crops globally, providing raw materials for the production of sugar, ethanol, and other by-products. However, its growth and productivity are severely limited by abiotic stresses, particularly salinity, which significantly affects crop performance. This study focuses on exploring the salt tolerance mechanisms in sugarcane through the induction of callus cultures, regeneration processes, and the subsequent impact on growth parameters under salt stress conditions. In vitro callus induction is an essential biotechnological technique used to study plant responses to environmental stresses, including salinity. The research investigates the salt-induced morphological and physiological changes in sugarcane callus cultures, examining key growth parameters such as callus growth rate, regeneration efficiency, and biochemical responses to various concentrations of NaCl. Furthermore, the study evaluates the genetic and biochemical pathways involved in salt tolerance and the potential for developing salt-resistant sugarcane varieties through biotechnological intervention. The results indicate significant variability in salt tolerance among different sugarcane genotypes, with certain varieties showing greater resistance to salinity-induced damage. The study also identifies various growth regulators, osmotic adjustments, and antioxidant defense mechanisms that contribute to enhanced salt tolerance in sugarcane. By understanding the mechanisms behind salt stress tolerance, this research offers valuable insights into developing salt-tolerant sugarcane varieties through tissue culture techniques. The findings of this study can contribute to the advancement of sustainable sugarcane cultivation in saline-prone areas, improving productivity and profitability for farmers in regions affected by salinity stress.

Solar cells are an essential component in the process of transitioning the energy systems of the globe away from the use of fossil fuels and toward the use of renewable technologies. This movement is being driven by the goal of reducing the world's reliance on nonrenewable sources of energy. This shift is currently under way and will be completed over the course of the following several decades. The overall amount of energy that comes from the sun is many thousands of times greater than the amou

Gamma-rays originate from the decay of excited states of the atomic nuclei in a similar manner as the visible light originates from the decay of the atom itself. Gamma rays belong to the class of ionizing radiation, together with alpha rays (doubly ionized atoms of helium) and beta rays (electrons). The spectroscopy of gamma rays, having the unique feature that by photoeffect transform their total energy to the energy of electrons in the detection material, contributed decisively to the establis

Over the past forty years, core physics has become less exclusive and more open to the vast amount of non-physics literature. In contrast, interdisciplinary physics started to function as a separate discipline that was still closely tied to physics but had a more tribal feel to it. The underlying structure of physics Instead of being a single field, physics is separated into a number of subfields, each of which has its own set of intellectual challenges, organisational structures, and cultural n

Cadmium has no evidence that it is either biologically necessary or beneficial elements but it is used in many products, including batteries, pigments, metal coatings, and plastics, and it is found in cigarette smoke. At low concentrations it is toxic to all life, including microorganisms, plants, fish, frogs, birds, and mammals. In the present investigation the exposure suppressed the immune system of fresh water teleost Heteropneustes fossilis by changing the numbers of differential leucocyte

Human-snake conflict (HSC) poses significant challenges in regions like the Buxar district of Bihar, India, where rapid urbanization and agricultural expansion encroach upon snake habitats. This research paper presents a comprehensive study aimed at understanding the dynamics of HSC in Buxar, focusing on species-wise snakebite cases and snake rescues during the monsoon season. Through questionnaire surveys, data analysis, and field observations, the study investigates factors contributing to HSC

Mathematical Programming (MP) problems involve the optimization of an objective function that depends on a set of decision variables and fixed parameters. The decision variables, that can be integer or continuous, can have bounds and/or constraints limiting the solution space. The characteristics of the variables and constraints determine the mathematical programming type.

Agroforestry has been defined in various ways. The World Agroforestry Centre (www.icraf.cgiar.org) defines it as ‘‘a dynamic, ecologically based, natural resources management system that, through the integration of trees on farms and in the agricultural landscape, diversifies and sustains production for increased social, economic and environmental benefits for land users at all levels.’’ The Association for Temperate Agroforestry, AFTA (www.aftaweb.org) defines it as ‘‘an intensive land-manageme

In this work, a nanostructured tin oxide is used as the highly sensitive material in a sensor that also features an efficient high temperature microhotplate. Tin oxide nanoparticles are suspended in a solvent (colloidal solution) before being placed on an advanced microhotplate by contactless techniques such microinjection. In order to efficiently manage temperature for gas detection, a microhotplate was designed with good electrical and mechanical stabilities up to 650°C at a low power of consu

This study focuses on estimating technical efficiency by examining the concepts of productivity and efficiency. The research utilizes probabilistic and deterministic models to derive mathematical estimates of technological efficiency. Key concepts such as production function, production frontier, stochastic production frontier, and stochastic frontier production models are thoroughly examined and applied. The stochastic frontier models incorporate two combined error terms: a symmetrical feature

The theory of random graphs deals with asymptotic properties of graphs equipped with a certain probability distribution; for example, it studies how the component structure of a uniform random graph evolves as the number of edges increases. Since the foundation of the theory of random graphs by Erdos and R ˝ enyi five decades ago, various random graph models have been introduced and studied. Graph theory has meanwhile found its way into other sciences as a rich source of models describing funda

In this research we aim to unify some known results. In the process we pull together much of what is known about this topic and we will simplify some of their existing proofs. As a consequence we provide an unified point of view which allows us to solve several unsolved questions. In fact, we will obtain results in the caontext of ideal convergence. We will show that under reasonable conditions on a given non-trivial ideal, the studied properties do not depend on the ideal that we use to define

Ground water is a basic well of new water for common people and is used for neighborhood, greening and ebb and flow purposes. About 33% of the general population is dependent on groundwater for drinking water. Groundwater is a basic asset especially in arid and semi-arid districts where surface water and precipitation are tied up. Achieving protected and limitless reserves of groundwater for drinking is one of the essential drivers of potential improvement for a country. Nevertheless, urbanizati

This paper discusses the potential of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) as a low-cost and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional silicon-based photovoltaic technology. It reviews recent developments in the field, including the use of natural dyes as sensitizers, new semiconductor materials, and advanced electrolyte solutions. The paper also highlights the contributions of Indian researchers between 2011 and 2020. Overall, ongoing research and development in the field of DSSCs are

Herbal drugs which are shows anticancer activity are selected for present study such as, allium sativum (Garlic), Azardirectaindica(Neem),Currcuma longa(termeric),and Nigella sativa(black seed oil).The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate Herbal liquid for hard gelatine capsule.The liquid for hard gelatine capsules were prepared by using PEG 400, propylene glycol and water mixture under temp of 900 C followed by adding PVA, Cremophore EL, Labrasol and in last herbal extract finally adde

Fixed point theorems are developed for single-valued and set-valued mappings of metrics paces, topological vector spaces, posets and lattices, Banach lattices etc., among the themes of fixed point theory, the topic of approximation of fixed points of mappings is particularly important because it is useful for proving the existence of fixed points of mappings. It can be applied to prove the solvability of differential equations, optimization problems, variational inequalities, and equilibrium pro

Chalcogenide glasses have gained significant attention in the field of optoelectronics due to their unique optical properties and high refractive indices. Solution-driven thin films of chalcogenide glasses offer promising opportunities for various applications, including photonic devices and integrated optics. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the optical properties of chalcogenide glass solution-driven thin films, including their fabrication methods, characterization techniques, and

भारत में बहुत से महापुरुषों ने जन्म लिया है उनमें से ही एक महान गणितज्ञ श्रीनिवास रामानुजन थे, इन्हें बीसवीं सदी के महानतम गणितज्ञ के रूप में भी जाना जाता है, आर्कमिडीज एवं आर्यभट्ट को जहां भारतीय गणित का जनक माना जाता है वही रामानुजन को गणित का जादूगर वह जीनियस कहा जाता है तथा इनकी तुलना महान वैज्ञानिक न्यूटन से भी की जाती है । बाल अवस्था से ही गणित में विशेष रूचि रखते हुए जीवन भर में कई प्रमेय एवं सिद्धांतों का प्रतिपादन किया तथा बहुत से मौलिक और एक अपारंपरिक परिणाम निकालें। रामानुजन ने गणिती

Shrikhand is a semi-soft, sweetish-sour fermented dairy product prepared from lactic fermented curd. Shrikhand is very popular in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. Shrikhand has been recommended for those patients which suffering from obesity and cardiovascular disease due to its low fat and sugar contents.The curd is partially strained through a muslin cloth to remove the whey and thus produce a solid mass known as chakka. Chakka is mixed with required amounts of sugar, color, flavour etc. to

This paper investigates the dielectric and thermodynamic behavior of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) using time-domain reflectometry. It identifies two distinct relaxation processes: low-frequency (I3C-driven) and high-frequency (DMSO-driven). Key parameters such as permittivity, relaxation time, dipole moment, and thermodynamic factors (free energy, entropy, and enthalpy) reveal the dynamics of molecular interactions. The study shows that increasing I3C concentration leads to greater steric hindrance, longer relaxation times, and stronger solute-solvent interactions. Structural changes reduce the dielectric constant and effective dipole moment, while negative entropy values highlight an increasingly ordered system at low frequencies.

BackgroundHerbal drugs which are shows anticancer activity are selected for present study such as, allium sativum (Garlic), Azardirectaindica(Neem),Currcuma longa(termeric),and Nigella sativa(black seed oil).Aim:The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate Herbal liquid for hard gelatine capsule.Methods:The liquid for hard gelatine capsules were prepared by using PEG 400, propylene glycol and water mixture under temp of 900 C followed by adding PVA, Cremophore EL, Labrasol and in last herba

The techniques that have been used to synthesized BaTiO3 and (1-x)PVDF/(x)BaTiO3 nanocomposite films have been described in detail in this chapter. Also, this chapter describes the prominent techniques for structural, electrical and magnetic characterization employed in the present investigations. These techniques include X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) using secondary electron imaging mode for investigating the surface morpho

Plant anatomy is the study of the internal structure of plants. It is a broad and complex subject that encompasses a wide range of topics, from the microscopic structure of plant cells to the organization of tissues and organs. Plant anatomy is important for understanding how plants grow, function, and interact with their environment. Plant anatomy plays a vital role in all aspects of plant growth and function. For example, the root system is essential for absorbing water and nutrients from the

The investigation of Fe-based compounds reveals the coexistence of multiple phases and complex electronic properties. Through a detailed study of the Fermi surfaces using ARPES (Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy) and high photon energies, the presence of a hidden cT (collapsed tetragonal) phase within the normal structural phase is discovered. The sample quality significantly influences the emergence of the kz-dependence of the Fermi surface, with better quality samples exhibiting more d

About half of the photosynthesis on earth is performed by the widespread group of photosynthetic organisms known as algae. Numerous different types of creatures fall under the umbrella name "alga." They can be either tiny, single-celled microalgae or bigger, more complicated macroalgae with many cells. They can be found all over the world in a variety of situations, including freshwater and marine habitats. Microalgae are autotrophic microorganisms that use light energy and inorganic nutrients t

This study paper brings out the understanding of special irreducible polynomials. We will also try to uncover known results on irreducible normal polynomials and Root polynomials over arbitrary fields. We will also try to find out some of the irreducible polynomials that exist. When we talk of irreducibility, it is also something that we can consider when we talk about prime numbers that cannot be further factored. It may not be wrong to say that factoring polynomials and bringing irreducibility

The working condition for the RP-HPLC method was established for Metformin HCL and Rosiglitazone then was applied on pharmaceutical dosage forms. A simple reverse phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed and subsequently validated.The separation method was carried out by using a mobile phase consisting of 0.02M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile in the ratio 70:30%v/v. The detection was carried out by using UV – Visible SPD 20 A at 229 nm. The column was phenominex Gem

One of the most cutting-edge approaches to quantum cryptography is known as Measurement Device-Independent Quantum Cryptography (MDI-QKD), and its primary objective is to enhance the safety of communication via the use of asymmetric channels. Conventional methods for the distribution of quantum keys (QKD) are dependent on the secure transfer of quantum states between two entities, who are often referred to as Alice and Bob. These protocols, on the other hand, often depend on the precision of the

Groundwater contamination can affect new developments related to human achievement, general quality and cash. For example, different evaluations have shown that increased levels of fluoride, nitrates, metals, and unnatural common toxins are a flourishing threat to human social classes. This is especially important for youth and adolescents who are more vulnerable to the effects of these poisons than adults. For example, the "blue baby problem," commonly called child methemoglobinemia, was caused

Soil nitrogen cycling is a crucial aspect of nutrient management and agricultural productivity, with significant implications for food security and environmental sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of soil nitrogen cycling in India, with an emphasis on the various processes involved, the factors influencing these processes, and the implications for agricultural practices and environmental conservation.

The solubility of Carvedilol, a poorly water-soluble drug widely used in cardiovascular disorders, presents a significant challenge in achieving optimal therapeutic efficacy. This research aimed to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of Carvedilol through the application of the liquisolid compact technique. Different Liquisolid compacts were prepared using required quantities of powder and liquid ingredients to produce acceptably flowable and compressible admixture. Avicel PH 102, PEG, Crosspovidone and Sodium starch glycolate were employed as carrier, coating material and disintegrant respectively for preparing Liquisolid compacts. The prepared Liquisolid compacts were evaluated for their flow properties such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio. The interaction between drug and excipients in prepared Liquisolid compacts were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Xray diffraction (XRD). The drug release rates of Liquisolid compacts were distinctly higher as compared to directly compressed tablets, which show significant benefit of Liquisolid compact in increasing wetting properties and surface area of drug available for dissolution. The F3 of Liquisolid powder system showed acceptable flowability, Carr’s compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio. The FTIR, DSC and XRD studies conforms the no significant interaction between the drug and excipients used in Liquisolid compacts. Hence it concludes that the Liquisolid technique is a promising alternative for improvement of dissolution of Carvedilol.

In this study, we take a look at how seed layer thin films affect the wettability, optical, structural, microstructural, and sensing characteristics of ZnO nanostructures made by hydrothermal techniques. For the purpose of growing nanostructures, two seed layer types are studied: metal and metal oxides. Metals analysed include Indium (In), Tin (Sn), and Gold (Au), while oxides of these metals include zinc oxide (ZnO), thermally oxidised Indium and Tin, and Gold. Using thermal evaporation processes, all thin films are deposited. Unlike ZnO thin films, which require the matching oxide source, metal thin films are made by evaporating the metals themselves. The metal films of indium and tin oxide are heated and then oxidised in an air atmosphere to form the oxide films. In order to create the groundwork for future paper that delve into the growth and characteristics of ZnO nanostructures, this paper describes the processing parameters and structural features of the seed layer films.

Various studies (e.g. Stacey, 1988; Vinner, 1991; Kieran, 1992; Esty, 1992; Sfard & Linchevski, 1994; Bell, 1995; Linchevski & Herscovics, 1996; McDowell, 1996; Souviney, 1996; Dreyfus, 1999; Lithner, 2000; Mason, 2000, Maharaj, 2005) have focused on the teaching and learning of school mathematics. These studies have indicated some important sources of students’ difficulties in mathematics. A limited number of research studies focusing on quadratic equations have documented the techniques studen

This paper aims to explore the impact of in vitro techniques on developing disease-resistant varieties of economically significant crops, such as tobacco and sugarcane. The purpose is to evaluate advancements in plant tissue culture, genetic engineering, and other biotechnological methods that have improved plant multiplication, genetic uniformity, and disease resistance. The methods discussed include CRISPR-Cas9 for precise genetic modifications, somaclonal variation, and marker-assisted select

This paper focuses on the convergence of certain Ishikawa type iterations to fixed points of maps satisfying the contractive conditions defined in the earlier chapter. This paper embibes some fixed point theorems for contractive conditions using Ishikawa iterations established by Albert K. Kalinde and B.E. Rhoades, Kalishankar Tiwary and S.C. Debnath and Rhoades. In 1992, Albert K. Kalinde and B.E. Rhoades successfully derived sufficient conditions for the coefficients of Ishikawa iteration pro

In the world where we are mostly surrounded by still life entities with no life it has been utterly important to add living elements to our surroundings to feel positive. The experience of happiness and tranquillity of being on the trekking, rest by the side of ocean or being on peaks of mountains gave rise to concept of biophilic interiors. Biophilic design seeks to connect our inherent need to affiliate with nature in the modern built environment (Report of the Inquiry into environmental infra

The COVID-19 epidemic has had extensive ramifications on all facets of society, encompassing consequences for physical health, education, and mental well-being. The objective of this research paper is to put a light on the effects of the post-COVID era on the mental well-being of school going children. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant disruptions to daily routines, encompassing modifications in educational practices, reduced social connections. These disruptions have the potenti

This chapter focuses on the convergence of certain Ishikawa type iterations to fixed points of maps satisfying the contractive conditions defined in the earlier chapter. This chapter embibes some fixed point theorems for contractive conditions using Ishikawa iterations established by Albert K. Kalinde and B.E. Rhoades, Kalishankar Tiwary and S.C. Debnath and Rhoades.

The increasing demand for food is compelling farmers to protect crops from diseases and pests through the overuse of insecticides. Although, the extravagant use of pesticides threatens human health and the environment. One promising solution for the safer use of pesticides is the application of nanotechnology, to increase agricultural production without these adverse consequences and lessen health and environmental side effects. This condition enhances the exigency of creating controlled-release

There is a long history of simulating dynamic biological processes with mathematical models. Quantitative methods have also been used in cancer research within the last few decades. A growing array of mathematical, somatic, computational, and manufacturing methods have stood used to study different facets of tumour growth, by the eventual objective being to comprehend how the cancer inhabitants reacts to therapeutic involvement. The so-called "in silico trials," which forecast a patient's indiv

The aim was to assess the effect of anti-Alzheimer’s activity of the alcoholic extract of Tricholepis glaberrima DC Leaves in Alzheimer induce Wistar albino rats.In the present study, the efficacy of an Extract of Tricholepis glaberrima DC was evaluated against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer in the Wistar albino rat. Donepezil at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, ECPDD was given in rat at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, 150 mg/kg body weight, and 200 mg/kg body weight. Anti-Alzheimer activity was assessed by victimization novel object recognition test, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze. And by biochemical test like neurotransmitter esterase activity, catalase activity, malonyldialdehyd and glutathione assays. Results showed that extracts treatment prevents Alzheimer and increases the level of acetylcholine, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and phytochemical studies identified the presence of flavonoid and alkaloid in the ECPDD. According to the results, it was concluded that the leave of Tricholepis glaberrima DC has significant anti-Alzheimer activity due to the presence of potent antioxidants such as flavonoid and anticholinesterase enzyme present in alkaloids.

Millets' nutritional worth and potential health advantages make them essential for women's reproductive health. Finger millet, pearl millet, and other millets provide iron, calcium, magnesium, and B-complex vitamins, which are needed for reproductive organ development, pregnancy, and lactation. They also aid digestion, weight loss, and diabetic management. Millets are gluten-free, making them suitable for celiacs. Millets' antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory capabilities can pro

This section provides a summary of the work presented in the research through chapters three to six. The behaviour of multiphase PVDF in (1-x)PVDF/(x)BaTiO3 nanocomposite films is discussed via structural, morphological, dielectric and ferroelectric properties. The dielectric properties are investigated over the wide range of frequency (20 Hz–2 MHz) and temperature (80–425 K). To study the effect of swift heavy ion irradiation of the structural, morphological, dielectric and ferroelectric proper

Solid waste management is a critical challenge in India due to rapid urbanization and industrial growth. This paper explores the current status of solid waste management in India, focusing on challenges and opportunities for advancing environmental policies that promote sustainable practices and transform waste into valuable resources. The study highlights innovative strategies, policy interventions, and best practices from global examples to inform effective waste management policies tailored t

Plants undergo continuous exposure to various biotic and abiotic stresses in their natural environment. In the course of evolution, they have evolved specific mechanisms allowing them to adapt and survive stressfully. Exposure of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses induces a disruption in plant metabolism implying physiological costs (Heil and Bostock, 2002; Swarbrick et al., 2006; Bolton, 2009; Massad et al., 2012; Stotz et al., 2014; Prasch and Sonnewald, 2015) leading to a reduction in fitn

Bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) have emerged as a new class of photocatalysts with great potential for various applications, including water splitting, pollutant degradation, and carbon dioxide reduction. This article reviews the synthesis methods, structural and optical properties, and photocatalytic activity of bismuth oxyhalides.

Alzheimer is a step wise and progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by neuronal cell death. The predictable changes within the brain due to Alzheimer disease (AD) usually turn out almost two decades prior to the emergence of symptoms. This slightest phase of symptoms offers a great chance for therapeutic potential which can be directed to predict the progression of clinical AD. Mild cognitive impairment is the stage before AD. The transformation from MCI to AD has been of agreeable inter

Concentration of fluoride in drinking water should be within permissible limit as prescribed by organizations like ICMR, WHO, BIS. Potable water containing high concentration of fluoride ions causes fluorosis and mottling of teeth. Fluoride ions enter in ground water from geological formation. The absence or very low concentration of fluoride ions causes mottling of children’s teeth. So it is very crucial to find out the fluoride content ion in water used for drinking purposes. In present study,

Exclusive breastfeeding is a cornerstone of child survival and child’s health because it provides essential, irreplaceable nutrition for a child’s growth and development. Despite the proven benefits of exclusive breast feeding during the first 6 months of life, the rate of early initiation of breastfeeding is very low. Hence a study was undertaken to assess the maternal perception of improper breastfeeding techniques. Shape of breast such as small nipple, flat nipple, sore nipple, or retracted

Critical checklists for the Cucurbitaceae of southern India have not been updated in 30 years. Taxonomic borders and regional ranges have been revised as a result of molecular-phylogenetic investigations, online specimen pictures and taxonomic literature, and botanical exploration since then. Here we offer a Cucurbitaceae taxonomic checklist for southern India, including 400 important names and including data on herbaria and collecting sites for each species. A total of 94 species from 31 genera

Colloidal nanoparticles have the ability to self-assemble into enormous two-dimensional films or three-dimensional mesoscopic arrays (Figure), which are also referred to as nanoparticle supercrystals, nanoparticle supra-crystals, nanoparticle superlattices, or nanoparticle assemblies. Nanoparticles, much like atoms in crystals, display long-range translational order when they are assembled into nanoparticle assemblies. When nanoparticle assemblies have orientational order, we refer to them as me

Nanotechnology literally means any technology on a nanoscale that has applications in the real world. Nanotechnology encompasses the production and application of physical, chemical, and biological systems at scales ranging from individual atoms or molecules to submicron dimensions, as well as the integration of the resulting nanostructures into larger systems. Nanotechnology is likely to have a profound impact on our economy and society in the early 21st century, comparable to that of semiconductor technology, information technology, or cellular and molecular biology. Science and technology research in nanotechnology promises breakthroughs in areas such as materials and manufacturing, nano electronics, medicine and healthcare, energy, biotechnology, information technology, and national security. It is widely felt that nanotechnology will be the next industrial revolution. In recent years, materials with porous architecture and high surface area are being developed for numerous potential applications in nanotechnology. Particular areas of interest include catalysis and separation science . The development and use of such promising materials is also an important factor in solving economic problems, which include the shortage of natural resources. Since the discovery of the ordered mesoporous silica a large number of porous materials have been made using surfactants as template . However, most of these materials are unstable on removal of the surfactant and the porous skeleton collapse easily when heated above 400 º C. It is understood that the collapse of mesostructure in mesoporous materials might be related to the structural rearrangement due to crystallization after removal of organic templates during calcination. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop new methods of syntheses. In addition, the thermo stability, i.e. the ability of maintaining porous structure at high temperatures is a key to both fabrication of ordered porous material and its practical applications .

In the present paper, a flow shop scheduling model in two stage under no idle constraint has been studied where the time taken by machines to set-up is separately considered from the processing time. The probabilities with the processing times as well as with the set-up times are also taken into account. The study’s goal is to introduce a heuristic algorithm that, when implemented, offers the optimal jobs sequence processing with the shortest makespan possible, reducing the machine idle time to

Waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies offer an effective solution to the growing solid waste management challenge in India by converting waste into renewable energy. This paper explores bio-based technologies for WtE conversion, focusing on microbial digestion, biofuel production, and biogas generation. A case study of Indian cities’ waste management systems highlights successful examples and policy implications. This research aims to identify sustainable pathways for energy recovery from waste and

The functions of biological compounds present in our body are mimicked by several heteroaromatic compounds and benzimidazolic compounds are one of them. The synthesized benzimidazoles compounds were prepared from the condensation reaction between diamine and thiobenzaldehyde in the presence of formic acid and oxygen as a catalyst. The purity of the compounds was ascertained and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, 1H-NMR and TLC. X-ray crystal structure analysis shows that 2-[2

A polymer composite is a blend of more than two polymers with different properties, which at a certain proportion allow synergizing features (such as physicochemical, thermal and separation properties) in the resulting material. Herein, individual components in the composite remain together by physical or chemical interactions but retaining their physical or chemical identities and exhibit superiority over the individual pristine state. Polymer composites are produced in different shapes and sizes according to the application demand by various methods. To date, polymer composites can be manufactured in a different structure, such as flat sheet, thin-film, microsphere/microparticle, hollow fibre, nanofibre, nanoparticle, gel, sponge and foams. It cloud-word showing the well-reported morphologies of polymer composites observed from literature.

Nanotechnology has essentially changed a few areas around the world. Most of the data in this paper connects with the uses of nanotechnology in the modernization of explicit industries. By tending to natural resources, sustainable nanotechnology handles a change in materials science perspectives and gives wonderful answers for worldwide issues. This hypothetical review investigates how sustainable nanotechnology can progress across a few industries. Using materials created from natural resources

This Paper presents a thorough analysis of the effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems, including droughts and floods, along with suggestions for adaptation tactics to lessen the severity of these effects. Droughts and floods disturb the hydrological balance, which affects biodiversity, water quality, and the services provided by ecosystems. Throughout the analysis, key vulnerabilities and strengths within freshwater ecosystems are identified by means of a comprehensive exploration of

Lanthanide ions have remarkable spectral characteristics, rendering them very suitable for the activation of optical materials. As a result, there has been considerable interest in the field of photoluminescence research about the integration of lanthanide ions into optical materials. Luminescent materials have a wide range of practical uses across several industries, such as sensors, solar cell technology, biological applications, display devices, solid-state lighting (SSL), and light-emitting

Near the source at Yamunotri and Shyana Chatti, the range of Total and Faecal coliform (TC & FC) varied between 80-101000 nos./100 ml and 18-3500 Nos./100 ml respectively, whereas from Lakhwar dam to Palla these values ranged between 50 to 218 x 105 and 0 to 139000 nos./100 ml with annual average of 3513 to 2328645 and 120 to 29678 nos./100 ml for TC & FC respectively. The minimum bacterial contamination was observed not at source of the river but at the location in the foot hills of Himalaya. T

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on human ethics is a complex and multifaceted topic that raises numerous questions and considerations. The impact of AI on human ethics is a rapidly evolving field that requires ongoing dialogue, collaboration, and proactive measures to ensure that AI technologies are developed and deployed in a manner that promotes ethical principles, human rights, and the common good.

Solid waste management practices can differ for residential and industrial producers, for urban and rural areas, and for developed and developing nations. The administration of non-hazardous waste in metropolitan areas is the job of local government authorities. On the other hand, the management of hazardous waste materials is typically the responsibility of those who generate it, as subject to local, national, and even international authorities. ”Around the world, waste generation rates are ris

This research paper presents a comprehensive review of the magnetic-crystallographic connection, highlighting the intricate interplay between magnetic properties and crystallographic structure in various materials. The paper explores the fundamental principles underlying this connection and discusses the significant advancements in experimental techniques and theoretical models that have facilitated our understanding of this complex relationship. By examining a wide range of studies from diverse

The evolving needs of health, industrial and agriculture sectors have spurred the use of recombinant technology to produce fusion proteins. Plants have been expression platform of choice due to large biomass production and ease of cultivation. The gene of interest can be inserted into plant expression sequence and be regulated as per need. Development of strategies is underway to improve fusion protein expression, quality and stability of expressed protein. Regulations regarding use and cultivat

Nanotechnology deals with the phenomena and structures of materials of size in the range 1 to 100nm. Nanoparticles show many novel properties that are considerably dissimilar from those shown by their bulk counterparts. Chemical compounds with Iron (III) oxide Fe2O3 as their principal components are known as ferrites. Nano ferrites find wide range of applications in magnetic memories, noise filters, isolators, ferro fluids, transformer cores, gas sensors, smart sensors etc. Metal nano structures

The arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice and the presence of magnetic moments within materials are pivotal factors that significantly impact their electronic and magnetic properties. This research paper delves into the intricate interplay between crystal lattice geometry, atomic arrangement, and magnetic moments, elucidating their collective influence on the electronic band structure and magnetic behavior of materials. Through a comprehensive analysis of theoretical models, experimental obs

In the given method, we suggest an improvement to the iteration of Newton's method. Derivation of Newton's method involves an indefinite integral of the derivative of the function, and the relevant area is approximated by a rectangle. In the proposed scheme, we approximate this indefinite integral by a trapezoid instead of a rectangle, thereby reducing the error in the approximation. It is shown that the order of convergence of the new method is three, and computed results support this theory. E

The present research work include the synthesis and study of binding properties of cashew nut shell liquid (CSNL) resin. It was studied with two physical different construction materials: bitumen and fly-ash. FTIR analysis of the fabricated CSNL fly-ash composite and CNSL-Bitumen blend revealed enhanced adhesion properties and better molecular binding ability. Good adhesion and water resistance property of CNSL, makes it suitable for construction works. This can be concluded that the defects in

The increased threat of terrorism has led to the development and use of biological weapons. This article explains the concepts of biological warfare and its states of development, its utilization, and attempts to control its proliferation. Waste produced in healthcare institutions is covered, as well as environmental biotechnologies such as bioreactor systems, microbial treatment, and composting. Case studies from different parts of the world show how environmental biotechnologies have been succ

Online tests are becoming increasingly popular in the modern digital era, particularly among students and job seekers. It stresses how firms may effectively and actually recruit workers and assess competitors' abilities by utilizing on the web test locales. The research paper aims to investigate the usefulness and efficacy of an online exam hiring portal designed to assist businesses in finding qualified applicants for open positions. The standard recruiting system, which involves ability assess

The advancements in science and technology have indeed led to the development of innovative materials with remarkable properties. Polymers, in particular, have emerged as a promising class of materials due to their versatility and adaptability. Polymers can be synthesized with specific chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties to meet diverse requirements. For example, some polymers are strong and durable, while others are flexible and lightweight. Many polymers can withstand high tempera

cubic before Tartaglia. Anxious to publish the solutions to the cubic, and not wanting to betray Tartaglia, Cardano used the fact that del Ferro had discovered the solution first to evade his promise of secrecy. Although Cardano expanded on his Islamic predecessors by including the possibility of negative solutions, he was still not able to find all the possible solutions to cubic equations. Rafael Bombelli continued to expand on, and refine, the work of Cardano. Bombelli wrote a book that conta

In recent many years, thermoelectric materials have gone through a transformation because of the development of different materials and composites utilizing nanostructure. In the wake of being latent for a really long time, the thermoelectric material presentation metric known as the ZT figure of legitimacy has expanded essentially, arriving at values more than two for the two materials and temperatures. The purposeful fuse of phonon scattering on different surfaces, limits, separations, point s

The present study has offered immense scope and opportunities for the development of new medicine (drug). Some well has known modern drugs have been developed through ethnic (folklore) and traditional system of medicine. However, out of 1000 medicinal plant, only 15-20 % have so for been used for development of ethnobotanical sources for drugs by the ethnic (tribal) people in the Amarkantak area., A report only one specie Ethnomedicinal plant of “Kewanch I Kemach” (Mucuna. prurita Hook, syn P. pruriens Bak. FI. Br. Ind. DC.), family (Fabaceae) is present here.

Another challenge of research in traditional medicinal practice is the lack of consistency and clarity in the terminology used by the authors to describe various beliefs and practices. Often the term traditional medicine is loosely applied to a variety of diverse activities that are not uniformly acknowledged among indigenous practitioners and their clients. It is useful exercise to discuss the variety of definitions that traditional medicine is, or is not accorded the latter being the case in m

An examination was directed on the oxidation of α-amino acids utilizing pyridinium bromo chromate (PBC) in a combination of acetic corrosive and water that likewise contained perchloric corrosive. Because of the response, aldehyde is created, and the pace of the response is first request in [PBC] and opposite first request in [H+]. Utilizing spectrophotometric examination, a relative examination of the oxidation of phenyl alanine and alanine by pyridinium Bromo chromate was directed within the s

The aim of this work is to synthesize, characterize, elemental analysis and study of anti-inflammatory activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and their metal chelates. Continuing our work with another derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone ligands, this work had been constructed for synthesis of new ligands derived from 1,4-naphthoquinone. which characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, electronic, IR, H- NMR spectral data. The synthesized ligands have been carried out to achieve the coor

Solid waste management is a critical challenge in India due to rapid urbanization and industrial growth. This paper explores the current status of solid waste management in India, focusing on challenges and opportunities for advancing environmental policies that promote sustainable practices and transform waste into valuable resources. The study highlights innovative strategies, policy intervenstions, and best practices from global examples to inform effective waste management policies tailored

Cytogenetic studies of fishes are comparatively difficult, not much progress has been made in this field. In karyotyping 2n numbers of chromosomes were observed to be 56 total. The chromosomal formula was recorded as 18 metacentric, 22 submetacentric, and 16 telocentric with transverse bands on them that are visible after banding. Heterochromatin and the presence and lack of bases both contribute to the banding. In the metaphase spreads of the freshwater teleost Heteropneustes fossilis, the tran

Pigeon pea is a leguminous crop commonly grown in India, and is primarily cultivated in tropical regions. Although it is often overlooked, this crop has immense potential for improvement in both quantity and quality of production in India. Among all the legumes grown in the region, pigeon pea stands out for its unique combination of optimal nutritional profiles, high tolerance to environmental stress, high biomass productivity, and its ability to contribute essential nutrients and moisture to the soil. Pigeon pea is a rich source of starch, protein, calcium, manganese, crude fiber, fat, trace elements, and minerals. Moreover, apart from its high nutritional value, pigeon pea is also used in traditional folk medicine in India, China, Philippines, and other countries (Sharma et. al 2011). Proper nutrition is a critical foundational requirement, as it has a significant impact on health, work performance, and cognitive development. However, in many developing nations, there is a growing prevalence of hunger and malnutrition (FAO, 1980). This can be attributed to factors such as rapid population growth, scarcity of arable land, and elevated food costs, as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (Pelletier et al. 1995). Legumes are a valuable source of nutrition, containing high levels of protein, energy, and essential vitamins and minerals. Researchers Vadiveli and Janardhanan noted the nutritional significance of legumes in 2005. Pigeon pea, a type of legume belonging to the Leguminosae family, is particularly prevalent in India, where it is widely grown and consumed. Pigeon pea is also known by various other names such as red gram, arhar, and tur dal, as highlighted by (Ghadge et al. 2008).

A concise summary of the thesis, highlighting the core objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions regarding the exploration of green chemistry innovations and sustainable chemical transformations. The chemical industry plays a pivotal role in modern society but is also a significant contributor to environmental degradation through the generation of waste, high energy consumption, and the use of hazardous chemicals. In response to these challenges, green chemistry has emerged as a transformative approach, offering innovative solutions to make chemical processes more sustainable, efficient, and environmentally benign. This thesis explores cutting-edge green chemistry innovations in chemical transformations, focusing on sustainable pathways that minimize waste, reduce energy usage, and utilize renewable resources. By analyzing various chemical processes, the research highlights how green chemistry principles—such as atom economy, energy efficiency, and waste reduction—can be integrated into synthetic routes, catalytic systems, and industrial applications. Experimental investigations are conducted to compare traditional chemical methods with greener alternatives in terms of reaction efficiency, selectivity, and byproduct formation. Key innovations in green chemistry, including the development of non-toxic catalysts, solvent-free reactions, and the use of renewable feedstocks, are evaluated for their impact on sustainability. Additionally, sustainability metrics such as the E-factor, atom economy, and life cycle analysis (LCA) are employed to assess the environmental footprint of each process. The findings demonstrate that green chemistry innovations not only provide more sustainable alternatives to conventional methods but also present potential pathways for scaling up environmentally friendly chemical production in industry. Through a comprehensive evaluation of these innovations, this thesis contributes to the growing body of knowledge aimed at advancing the application of green chemistry in real-world chemical transformations and fostering a more sustainable future for the chemical industry.

Coumarin derivatives have gained significant attention in optoelectronics due to their high fluorescence quantum yields, tunable emission spectra, and excellent photophysical properties. This study focuses on the rational design, synthesis, and photophysical characterization of novel fluorescent coumarin derivatives for application in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic lasers, and photovoltaic devices. The synthetic strategy employed green chemistry principles, and structural modifications were explored to fine-tune the photophysical and electronic properties. The synthesized compounds were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence emission analysis, quantum yield measurements, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, and thermal stability assessments. The results establish strong structure-property relationships, highlighting the potential of these derivatives for next-generation optoelectronic applications.

Multiobjective optimization problems have been applied in various fields of science, where optimal decisions need to be taken in the presence of trade-offs between two or more conflicting objectives. Researchers study multiobjective optimization problems from different viewpoints and, then there exist different goals when setting and solving them. The goal may be finding a set of Pareto optimal solutions, and/or qualifying the trade-offs in satisfying the different objectives, and/or finding a s

In the context of the present paper, our focus revolves around the exploration and analysis of S-convex sets, which represent a fascinating and novel extension of the classical concept of convex sets. We define S-convex sets and discuss their main properties as well as the corresponding S-convex hull. Moreover, we clarify the concept of S-linear combinations, which are essential to our research. This first work lays the foundation for a thorough study of S-convex sets and their characteristics.

By shedding light on mechanistic insights and reaction kinetics at the same time, the purpose of this work is to investigate the primary role that carboxylic acids play in the oxidation pathways of aromatic sulfonyl haloamines. This will be accomplished through the examination of the primary function that carboxylic acids play. Especially in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, aromatic sulfonyl haloamines are well-known for their versatility as building blocks in organic synthesis. T

This section is devoted to univalent mappings defined hadamard product involving a Ruscheweyh Derivatives . Let A stand for the class of mapping (1.1) whichever regular and one to one in the = {z/|z|<1} For (1.2) the of f(z) & g(z) be , z∈ (1.3) Let D^mf(z) indicate the mth order derivative The Ruschweyh derivative is definite go with D^m:S→S like wise D^m f(z)= z/〖(1-z)〗^(m+1) *f(z), m>-1

Carbonic anhydrase is aubiquitous metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3- and H+. Metals are essential to this metalloenzyme's bioactivity, however their interactions with CA are yet not entirely understood. In this work CA from neem leaves has been extracted and inhibitory effect of different heavy metals (Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Sr2+,and Ce3+) on this enzyme is being studied. The results indicated that even very low concentrations of these heavy metals showed inhibitory

The importance cited in literature is enforcing to worker that they give a lot of attention on their traditional flora to catalogue their antimicrobial or anti-infectious properties. In this series Rajasthan also have its endemic flora, which have a lot of interest for ethnopharmacology.Over 50% of all modern clinical drugs are of natural product origin (Stuffne and Douros 2003) and natural products play an important role in drug development programs in the pharmaceutical industry (Baker et. al

The remarkable interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host immune system, with a focus on utilizing nanoparticle technology to produce vaccines and immunotherapeutic medicines of note. The tuberculosis (TB) pathogenic specialist, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has created sophisticated systems to evade immunological reconnaissance, bringing about industrious contamination and infection scattering. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis (TB), which is an incredibly d

In this paper, efforts have been made to find out the order of reaction with respect to each reactant taking part in the reaction. This exercise was made with an aim to propose a suitable reaction path for Ir(III)-catalysed oxidation of melibiose. For the determination of order of reaction we have used the well known methods like Ostwald’s isolation method and van’t Hoff’s differential method.

The study researches how the growth and result of various crops are affected by distillery spent wash, which is created as ethanol. Essential measures of natural matter and nutrients are included in distillery spent wash, which might further develop soil fertility and yield productivity. The protected disposal of contemporary wastewaters has always shown to be a challenging interaction in light of their high grouping of minerals, chemicals, and salts. A trial was led to examine the impacts of va

A number of plant pathogenic fungi produce toxins that can damage plant tissues. Toxins are often classified as host selective (host specific) or nonspecific. Host-selective toxins (HSTs) are toxic only to host plants of the fungus that produces the toxin. In contrast, nonspecific toxins can affect many plants regardless of whether they are a host or non-host of the producing pathogen. Yoder (1980) classified toxins of plant pathogens as a pathogenicity factor or a virulence factor by consideri

Remarkable effort and progress have been made in semiconductor quantum dots and their applications [1-21]. Size confinement results in many basic properties of substance which has been utilized in designing better products. Bulk materials have constant physical properties regardless of its size, while in nano particles the size often dictates the physical and chemical properties. Because of faster response speed, nano particles are proved to be very efficient candidates for many opto-electronic

More than sixty percent of people in India recognise fish as a legitimate source of nutrition. Fish is widely consumed in India. The importance of fish cannot be overstated, since it serves not only as a source of food for domestic use but also as a commodity that can be used to generate revenue through international commerce. In addition, marine fishing is a fantastic source of income and business opportunities for a large number of economically disadvantaged people living in rural and coastal

Provide a concise summary of the purpose of the paper, highlighting the key innovations in algebraic geometry and their impact on mathematics and related disciplines. Mention the scope of the developments covered in the paper and a preview of their applications. This paper explores the key innovations in algebraic geometry that have reshaped the field and their far-reaching implications across mathematics, physics, and computation. It highlights significant advancements such as the rise of derived categories and homotopy theory, the influence of mirror symmetry, the growing importance of noncommutative algebraic geometry, and the integration of computational techniques in solving complex algebraic problems. These innovations have not only deepened our understanding of abstract mathematical structures but have also paved the way for new applications in interdisciplinary fields. In particular, the paper emphasizes their impact on areas such as string theory, quantum field theory, artificial intelligence, and optimization, illustrating the transformative potential of algebraic geometry in both theoretical and applied contexts.

Solar panels' ability to produce power is influenced by the amount of light they get, but their lifespan is affected by the high and low temperatures they are exposed to. The point of this study is to examine the effect of light force on solar board yield power and proficiency. A monocrystalline solar board and a polycrystalline solar board with a similar power limit and a pinnacle limit of 50 Wp are utilized in this concentrate's immediate estimating method. The review is completed inside with

The numerical plane, also known as the Cartesian plane, is cut in half by two sharp lines known as the flat and the -bloc, sometimes known as the x bloc and the bloc. These axes intersect at a point that is referred to as the origin. Following the selection of a unit reserve, the location of each socket in the flat can be denoted by a figure pair that is arranged according to its position (, ). For example, the -coordinate for the fact (5, 3) is 5, and the -coordinate for the same fact is 3, whi

All finite groups are Galois groups by definition. As long as the underlying field is not specified, field extensions can be easily constructed with any finite group as a Galois group. Choosing a field K and a finite group G is all that is required. A subgroup of the symmetric group S on G’s elements, according to Cayley’s Theorem, is a subgroup of G. Add G to K to produce the field F = K {xa} which is indeterminate {xa} for each element of α of G. Underneath F is the area L of asymmetric integr

The present study reports the synthesis of a novel series of ethyl (2,3-dihydro-3-substituted-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) methylcarbamate derivatives via a conventional method and investigates their antibacterial activity. These derivatives, including 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, and others, were synthesized through a multi-step synthetic route starting from 4-substituted azido benzene. The compounds were characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus using the broth microdilution method. The results indicated that most compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with varying degrees of inhibition.

Fixed point theory is one of the most fruitful and applicable topics of nonlinear analysis, which is widely used not only in other mathematical theories, but also in many practical problems of natural sciences and engineering. The Banach contraction mapping principle is indeed the most popular result of metric fixed point theory. This principle has many application in several domains, such as differential equations, functional equations, integral equations, economics, wild life, and several othe

Solid waste management (SWM) in India faces challenges including inefficient waste segregation, limited technology adoption, and insufficient government support. This paper highlights the urgent need for reforms to enhance SWM practices through education, awareness campaigns, and innovative technologies promoting recycling and composting. Investment in research for indigenous SWM technologies and policies supporting cleaner production methods are crucial. Collaboration between stakeholders is es

The pandemic of COVID-19, which first appeared in Wuhan, China, is now infecting millions across the globe. This is a review of the widespread effects of COVID-19 on virtually all organs. It causes swelling, inflammation, endotheliosis, vasoconstriction, and hypercoagulability. There is lymphocytopenia, elevated D-dimer and fibrin degradation products (FDPs), as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The following conditions are reported: deep vein thrombosis (DVT), venous thrombo

This research examines the biotoxicological effects of the herbicide 2,4-D in Eutyphoeus waltoni, with special emphasis on the soil and feed materials effects on worm survival. Thus, an experiment was designed to conduct a range of concentrations (LC10, LC50, LC90) for a period of 48 hours and also 72 hours using several types of soil; namely BD + W, silt BD + Gb, BD + Ws + Gb, loamy, clay and sandy soils. It was found that the longer the exposure to the herbicide, 2-4-D the more toxic it becomes, and the highest LC50 being recorded also in the BD+Ws+Gb soil mix, inferring that earthworms in that medium are more vulnerable. Nevertheless, sand frosted earth was found to have the least vulnerability level, probably because it retained the least amount of the herbicide. These results venture beyond the rationale of efficacy of herbicides in that they highlight the need for localized studies for each use of a herbicide since the composition of the soil determines toxicity and effects on th

In this paper we describe a Refrigerating Unit in Milk plant which comprises of four subsystems. The Refrigerating Unit in Milk plant basically comprises of four subsystems specifically Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Device and Evaporator. A single repairman who examines and repairs the units as and when need emerge. Availability of Refrigerating Unit in Milk plant is determined with the assistance of RPGT and accessibility of the arrangement of Refrigerating Unit in Milk plant for various val

In the present paper, reliability analysis is examined for consistent state. The Processing/Manufacturing industry is isolated into numerous subsystems. Subsystems are either in parallel/equal or in arrangement. Taking failure and repair rates constant. The subsystem may flop totally through partial disappointment. At the point when any subsystem flops then the framework is in bombed state. A state diagram of system portraying the transition rates is drawn. Articulations for way probabilities m

This paper discusses Availability and Behavioral Analysis of a Fertilizer Plant divided into three units system having standby in one unit with perfect switch – over device and priority in repair using Regenerative Point Graphical Technique. The system works in full capacity when all units are good fails when any of the units fails and works in reduced capacity when standby unit is online. Single repair facility is available for all units. The system is discussed for steady – state conditions. F

Management scholars' heightened attention toward exploring organizational commitment has unveiled several novel antecedents contributing to the cultivation of affective, normative, and continuance commitment among employees. One frequently cited antecedent is workplace spirituality. This paper analyzes insights from a systematic review of 30 empirical studies conducted over the past 15 years across diverse industries, examining the association between organizational commitment and workplace spir

This study examines an integrated inventory model under exchange credit when the disintegration rate follows a spectacular circulation. In this case, it is anticipated that the request rate will be included in the selling price, and the request amount will determine how long an installment can be delayed. Deficits in the model are completely amplified. The goal capability to concentrate on the retailer's ideal requesting strategy is taken to be the increase of the absolute benefit per unit of t

This Research provides a detailed analysis into intuitionistic fuzzy ideals, with a particular emphasis on the investigation of contradictory translations and algebraic features across a variety of algebraic structures. In this particular investigation, the foundation is comprised of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, which are well-known for their capacity to model uncertainty. Within the framework of intuitionistic fuzzy set theory, the research investigates the fundamental operation of contradictory translations, further investigating the consequences that this operation has for intuitionistic fuzzy ideals. In addition, the research goes beyond the conventional algebraic settings to investigate the behavior of intuitionistic fuzzy ideals over a wide variety of algebraic structures, such as semigroups and rings. This research adds to both theoretical knowledge and practical applications in sectors where uncertainty plays a prominent role. It does this by revealing the subtle links that exist

This paper compares the optimal ordering policies determined by these methods under uncertain inflationary situations. The inventory and shortages behavior have been analyzed with using the differential equations. The numerical examples are used to illustrate the theoretical results. A detailed analysis on the models parameters has been performed and some management insights are presented. The results show that there is a negligible difference between two procedures for wide range values of the

The study investigated the impact of primary treated sewage water (PTSW) with varying dilution ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 SW) on the physicochemical properties and nutrient content of soil, as well as the growth and flowering patterns of Jasmine (Oleaceae species) Jasmine (Oleaceae) flowering plants were irrigated with distillery leftover wash at varying ratios to increase their production and sprouting growth. The chemical analysis demonstrated a decrease in concentrations of contaminants and nu

The poor dissolution rate of water-insoluble drugs is still a substantial problem confronting the pharmaceutical industry. There are several methods used to increase the solubility of drugs, of those liquid-solid compact technique is a new and promising addition towards such a novel aim, that the solubility of the insoluble drug moiety is increased by the aid of non-volatile solvents and hence increasing the dissolution and bioavailability. The Liquisolid process is a novel and effective approach to improving solubility. Bioavailability relies on drug solubility. With the evolution of modern pharmaceutical products, solubility is a big problem for the pharmaceutical industry. One of the most daunting aspects of drug production remains the enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. A newer methodology “powdered solution technology” or “Liquisolid technology”, has been applied to prepare water-insoluble drugs into rapid-release solid dosage forms. This method is efficient, economic, viable for industrial production, also useful in control drug delivery system. Hence due to above reasons Liquisolid technique is most efficient and novel approach for solubility enhancement. To prepare water insoluble drugs into rapid-release solid dosage forms, 'powdered solution technology' or 'Liquisolid technology' has been applied. This approach is reliable, cost-effective, viable for industrial production, and also useful in the drug delivery control system. Therefore, Liquisolid technique is the most effective and novel method for enhancing solubility due to the above factors.

Since ancient times, crude drugs have been used as medicines and are of great importance for human beings. However, traditional knowledge about the use of medicinal plants is eroding day by day, and there was a need to document the everyday experience of these indigenous medicinal plants. Ayurveda describes the medicinal values and uses of plants for healthcare. By the course of time, various new plants got added to Ayurvedic material medica, Dravyaguna Vigyan. Tricholepis glaberrima (Brahmadandi) is one of them. This plant has great importance due to its nutritive value and a significant source of medicines as they have been found throughout human history.This plant is mostly used for its aphrodisiac property, but several unknown activities need to be taken seriously. This mini-review paper encompasses the Ayurvedic aspects as well as the phytochemistry structure and pharmacological activities of the Brahmadandi plant. The current review focuses on the updated information from various scientific studies and reports available in the context of the phytoconstituents and pharmacology of this plant. This review also provides adequate information about the use of this plant in an Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda.

General elections in India, being one of the largest democratic exercises globally, are inherently complex and influenced by numerous socio-political factors. Predicting election outcomes accurately is crucial for understanding the pulse of the nation and aiding decision-making processes. In this paper, we propose a mathematical approach for data analysis to predict general elections in India. Leveraging mathematical methods such as statistical analysis, machine learning, and predictive modeling, we aim to provide insights into the electoral dynamics of the country. By analyzing historical data, demographic patterns, socio-economic indicators, and political factors, our approach seeks to enhance the accuracy of election predictions, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the democratic process in India. The prediction of general elections in India is a complex task due to the country's diverse socio-political landscape and the vast amount of data involved. In this paper, we

Understanding vegetation distribution and diversity is essential for conserving biodiversity, managing ecosystems, and addressing the challenges posed by climate change. Vegetation patterns are influenced not only by environmental factors but also by cultural practices that shape the use and preservation of plant species. This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in vegetation studies, highlighting its role in mapping, analyzing, and predicting vegetation patterns. By employing AI-driven tools such as machine learning algorithms, remote sensing, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), researchers can efficiently process large datasets to identify vegetation types, monitor changes, and understand their cultural significance. Case studies illustrate how AI has enhanced the documentation of vegetation diversity and its cultural correlations. This interdisciplinary approach underscores the potential of AI to provide innovative solutions for ecological research while preserving the cultural context of vegetation distribution. Ethical considerations and the need for inclusive collaboration between ecologists, AI experts, and local communities are also necessary to ensure sustainable and culturally sensitive outcomes.

Dynamics makes the study of animal behaviour particularly difficult as ecological systems are inherently complex, often variable, and many features are unpredictable. AI has emerged as a game-changing technology to tackle these bottlenecks through automated data collection, the ability to perform advanced analyses, and modeling of animal behavior. This paper discusses how AI is revolutionizing the study of animal behavior with applications in dynamic and natural environments, such as forests, oceans, and urban ecosystems. Key technologies such as computer vision, machine learning (ML), and natural language processing (NLP) play a crucial role in tracking, identifying, and classifying animal behavior. Computer vision systems, often enhanced by deep learning algorithms, enable the automatic detection and recognition of species using visual data from camera traps, drones, and underwater imaging systems. ML models help analyze large and complex datasets to reveal patterns and correlations in movement, social interactions, and habitat use. Additionally, AI-powered tools for acoustic analysis can identify species and monitor their communication in situations where visual data is lacking. This paper explores how AI can be integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensor networks, enabling real-time monitoring of animals in their ever-changing environments. By utilizing AI for predictive modeling and simulation, we gain valuable insights into animal responses to environmental shifts, including climate change, habitat loss, and human impact. These insights can guide conservation efforts, resource management, and the creation of wildlife corridors. This study seeks to motivate researchers, conservationists, and technologists to leverage AI's potential to enhance behavioral ecology and support biodiversity conservation during a time of swift environmental change.

Chemistry and biology researchers are working hard to create environmentally friendly and sustainable methods for turning waste biomass into valuable chemicals, biofuels, and bioplastics in response to the pressing need to mitigate climate change. Green Chemistry, which emphasizes the effective use of renewable raw resources, waste minimization, and the avoidance of harmful compounds, is the guiding principle at the center of this endeavor. In order to better understand the process of converting

Coumarin derivatives have garnered significant interest in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and neuroprotective properties. However, conventional synthetic methods often involve hazardous reagents, high temperatures, and energy-intensive processes that pose environmental and health risks. In response, biocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative, utilizing enzymes to catalyze reactions under mild conditions, thus reducing toxic byproducts and energy consumption. This paper explores various biocatalytic strategies, such as enzyme-catalyzed reactions, biotransformations, and enzyme immobilization, which enable the selective functionalization of coumarin derivatives with enhanced regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. The adoption of green chemistry principles in coumarin synthesis not only advances pharmaceutical applications but also promotes environmental sustainability.

This paper discusses key results from the literature in the field of local polynomial regression. Local polynomial regression (LPR) is a nonparametric technique for smoothing scatter plots and modeling functions. For each point, x0, a low-order polynomial WLS regression is fit using only points in some “neighborhood” of x0. The result is a smooth function over the support of the data. LPR has good performance on the boundary and is superior to all other linear smoothers in a minimax sense. The q

Through symbiotic and asymbiotic interactions, beneficial microorganisms promote plant growth and development directly or indirectly according to their unique abilities. These microorganisms produce plant growth regulators, including ACC-deaminase and siderophore, those that release organic acids, N2-fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and those that increase acquisition of nitrogen and phosphorus under stressed and nonstressed conditions. Beneficial microorganisms can also affect the physiological and molecular events of plants. In this study, we discuss how beneficial microorganisms contribute to salt stress tolerance through physiological and molecular events in plants and how those mechanisms work.

Brief overview of the paper’s aims, key trends in algebraic geometry, and a summary of future directions in the field. The abstract should provide a brief but comprehensive overview of the paper's key objectives. It will introduce the main topics, including the historical development of algebraic geometry, recent advances in the field, and potential future directions. Highlight the significance of these trends in modern mathematics, physics, and computation. A short summary of the methods used to explore these developments, along with a brief mention of the potential interdisciplinary applications, would make the abstract more compelling.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the renovation and upgrade programmes that the Government Medical College Libraries have implemented, with a particular emphasis on the area of collection development. Medical libraries must adjust to novel models regarding the acquisition, management, and dissemination of educational materials as technology innovations change the data accessible landscape. The analysis utilises a comprehensive strategy, integrating both quantitative and qualitative

आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस (AI) वर्तमान युग का सबसे प्रभावशाली और परिवर्तनकारी तकनीकी विकास है। यह केवल विज्ञान, प्रौद्योगिकी और व्यवसाय के क्षेत्रों में ही नहीं, बल्कि शिक्षा और संस्कृति जैसे मानवीय जीवन के मूलभूत क्षेत्रों में भी गहरा प्रभाव डाल रहा है। शिक्षा और संस्कृति समाज के विकास के मूल आधार हैं, और इन दोनों पर AI का प्रभाव समाज के भविष्य को आकार देने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा सकता है।

Dusty plasmas, often referred to as complex plasmas, play a crucial role in a variety of astrophysical settings, including planetary rings, comets, interstellar clouds, and scenarios related to space exploration. These plasmas are made up of free electrons, ions, and charged dust grains, which together create distinctive nonlinear wave phenomena due to the presence of dust particles. This paper delves into both the theoretical and experimental aspects of nonlinear waves in dusty plasmas, examining their significance for space and astrophysical systems, as well as the fundamental mechanisms that drive these phenomena. It discusses different types of nonlinear waves, such as dust-acoustic waves (DAWs), dust-ion-acoustic waves (DIAs), and solitary waves, emphasizing their formation, propagation, and interactions in both laboratory settings and space-based dusty plasma environments.

The present work demonstrates the degradation of dye pollutants present in water resource by synthesizing the photocatalysts Bismuth Oxyhalides (BiOX, X=Br, Cl). The Photocatalysts BiOBr and BiOCl was prepared by a facile solid state method and employed to study the phase structure, morphology and optical property via PXRD, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of BiOBr and BiOCl was tested on the degradation of Rhodamine b (RhB) dye under the presence of UV and Visible light irradiation. The results showed that RhB do not get degraded under the presence of Visible light due to inadequate amount of energy. When UV light is irradiated RhB starts to degrade and after 60 to 70 minutes RhB degraded completely. Therefore Bismuth Oxyhalides are known as potential photocatalytic materials.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions play a significant role to environmental health. Recently, the GHG emissions have been increasing gradually all over the world posing a great hazard to the environment and ecosystem at large. All the stakeholders and policymakers across different countries are finding a sustainable solution to mitigate this problem to save and protect the environment from these harmful gases. The GHG are emitted mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, transport, and industrial act

This paper discusses the dielectric relaxation properties of water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions using time-domain reflectometry in the GHz region. It identifies low-frequency relaxation associated with PVP molecule alignment and high-frequency relaxation linked to bulk water dynamics. The study examines the effects of concentration and temperature on relaxation times, dipole moments, and molecular interactions. The findings highlight weak dipolar alignment and increasing solute-solute interactions at higher concentrations. The research provides insights into hydration dynamics and the entropy changes during relaxation, emphasizing the role of PVP's structure and interactions with water.

In the process of binding to DNA, protein molecules attach to certain patterns in the base sequence of the double helix. These patterns are responsible for determining the functions of the DNA in the cell. In order to offer an overview of the principles of DNA polymer physics, protein-DNA interactions and their research in single-DNA experiments, and a few sections of chromosomal structure at the large scale, the objective of these notes is to provide an overview of these topics. In addition, we

Surface wettability and self-cleaning properties are crucial in various applications, ranging from materials science to environmental engineering. In recent years, the emergence of nanostructured materials has opened up new possibilities for tailoring these properties to achieve advanced functionality. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, with their unique physicochemical properties, have gained significant attention in this context. This research paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of ZnO nanostructures for enhancing surface wettability and self-cleaning applications. We discuss the synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and the underlying mechanisms governing their performance in these applications. Furthermore, we explore the current challenges and future prospects for the utilization of ZnO nanostructures in various fields.

Wetlands are vital ecosystems that provide a range of environmental services such as water purification, biodiversity conservation, flood regulation, and carbon sequestration. In India, wetlands cover a vast area and are crucial for both the environment and livelihoods. However, the degradation of wetlands due to urbanization, industrialization, agriculture, and climate change poses a serious threat to these ecosystems. In recent years, the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in environmental conservation has shown great promise. AI technologies, including machine learning, satellite data analysis, and predictive modeling, are being increasingly adopted to monitor, conserve, and restore wetlands. This article explores the role of AI in wetland conservation in India, highlighting its applications, benefits, challenges, and the way forward.

Though polymers were introduced in India as late as 1980s they started to gain ground as admixtures for their various value added propositions and with the advent of nanotechnology, polymeric nanocomposites began to address many of concrete’s inherent problems not addressed before. Our Paper attempts to study the comparative effects of two different polymeric types - thermosetting v/s thermoplastics Polymeric Composites & Polymeric Nano Composites made with 1.Conventional Polymers-Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) and 2.Modern Polymers- Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE) in cement mortar matrix. The Paper reports the test results for the mechanical behaviour of ordinary cement mortar composites casted with the different types of polymers with and without nano-material additions on the medium term (28 days) as per Indian standards and long term (365 days) for sustainability issues. The polymers not only helped in adequate dispersion of the water insoluble nanomaterials through ultrasonication but also resulted in better workability of the mix. The result shows that optimized addition of polymeric CNTs (dispersed in thermoplastic PCE) gives a 37% gain in strength at 28 days & increasing the CNT % also provides for latter age (1 year) strength from 38% to 69%. It may be noted that the polymeric composites of thermosetting MF influenced a strength gain of 29% at 28 days but the addition of polymeric nanocomposites (CNTs dispersed in thermosetting MF) failed to produce any satisfactory results at 28 days and showed an appreciable loss in strength at latter ages

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a major global health challenge, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Central to the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS is the intricate interplay between the virus and the host immune system. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the dynamic interactions between HIV and the human immune system, elucidating their implications for viral replication, disease progression, and therapeutic interventions. The human immune system comprises a so

This thesis investigates the transformative potential of green chemistry in addressing environmental and economic challenges within the chemical industry. By focusing on sustainable chemical transformations, the research explores innovative methods that minimize waste, reduce energy consumption, and utilize renewable resources. The principles of green chemistry serve as a framework to examine advancements in catalytic processes, renewable feedstocks, and eco-friendly solvents, with particular attention to their application in industrial settings. Case studies highlight the practical benefits of these innovations, such as enhanced reaction efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Despite significant progress, the thesis also addresses the technical and economic challenges hindering widespread adoption of green chemistry practices. Ultimately, this work aims to underscore the importance of sustainable chemical processes in the pursuit of a more sustainable, circular economy, and provides recommendations for future research directions that could further advance the field.

It is glowing notorious that agriculture is main occupation of citizens of Sri Ganganagar and Abohar cities and their closely villages. As insufficient water supply through rivers and canals is conjoint snag in these areas of Punjab and Rajasthan, So that farmers are customarily dependent on ground-water and cope with lack of water, they are using to dig tube glowings in farms for the growth of crops should not be affected. The main factor behind this is nutrient present in ground water, becaus